whap topic 2.1-2.4

The map above indicates that A Mali was a major source and hub of the gold trade B Europeans had begun to make inroads in West Africa C Mali remained isolated from Europe and the Middle East D Atlantic ports were crucial for the transportation of salt and gold

A. Mali was a major source and hub of the gold trade

(MAP OF THE MONGOL EMPIRE.) The map above shows which of the following empires at its greatest extent? A The Mongol Empire B The Russian Empire C The Byzantine Empire D The Ottoman Empire

A. The Mongol Empire

"When the Mongols arrived, they took the great and famous city of Baghdad, filled with many people and rare treasures, a countless amount of gold and silver. They seized the Caliph, the lord of Baghdad, and brought him before Hulegu Khan. Then Hulegu ordered the Caliph thrown into prison for three days without bread or water. After three days, Hulegu ordered the Caliph brought before him and asked: 'What kind of person are you?' The Caliph answered angrily, 'Is this your humanity that I have been living in hunger for three days?' Previously the Caliph had told the citizens of Baghdad: 'Be not afraid; even if the Mongols come, I will carry the banner of Islam through the gates so the Mongol horsemen shall all flee and we will be saved.' Hulegu heard this and was very angry. Then he ordered a plate of gold brought and put before the Caliph. Hulegu said, 'This is gold; eat so your hunger and thirst will pass. . . .' The Caliph retorted, 'Man is not saved by gold, but by bread, meat, and wine.' Hulegu said to the Caliph: 'Since you know that man is not saved by dry gold, why did you not send this much gold to me when I asked for tribute? Then I would not have come to plunder your city. . . .

A. The caliph represented political and economic opposition to Mongol expansion.

Which of the following is an accurate statement about the Mongol Empire? A It attempted to impose Mongol religious beliefs and practices on conquered peoples. B It reestablished the Silk Road between East Asia and Europe. C It attempted to create a self-contained economic system by banning all merchants from non-Mongol territories. D It developed a sophisticated bureaucracy staffed by talented Mongols.

B. It reestablished the Silk Road between East Asia and Europe.

(MAP OF SOUTHEAST ASIA) Which of the following factors best explains the distribution of Muslim populations shown on the map above? A Religious pilgrimages B Merchant activity C Imperialism D Forced migration

B. Merchant activity

Which of the following characterized the trans-Saharan trade by 1250 C.E.? A The bulk of the trade consisted of low-priced commodities. B Muslim merchants dominated the trade. C European Christians became directly involved in the trade. D Most trade was carried by horse rather than by people.

B. Muslim merchants dominated the trade.

Which of the following statements is accurate about the Mongols during the 1200s and 1300s? A The Mongols suppressed Islamic and Buddhist religious practices. B The Mongols facilitated the diffusion of many Chinese inventions. C The Mongols led successful naval invasions of Japan. D The Mongols conquered Constantinople.

B. The Mongols facilitated the diffusion of many Chinese inventions.

Which of the following best describes Middle Eastern trade in the period 1000 to 1450 ? A A unified Islamic Empire eliminated all internal tariffs and encouraged trade. B The area was engaged in regular trade with China, India, and sub-Saharan Africa. C The Ottoman Empire drained the resources of the area in the Empire's war with India. D The Byzantine Empire and the Russian Empire controlled trade in the area.

B. The area was engaged in regular trade with China, India, and sub-Saharan Africa.

Which of the following resulted from the fragmentation of the Mongol Empire following the death of Genghis Khan? A The collapse of the Byzantine Empire B The development of khanates in Central Asia C The spread of Islam into East Asia D Increased trade between Africa and Asia

B. The development of khanates in Central Asia

"If it were asked, why do we accept the theory of contagion, when already the divine law has refuted the notion of contagion, we will answer: The existence of contagion has been proved by experience, deduction, the senses, observation, and by unanimous reports. And it is not a secret to whoever has looked into this matter or has come to be aware of it that those who come into contact with plague patients mostly die, while those who do not come into contact survive. And amidst the horrible afflictions that the plague has imposed upon the people, God has afflicted the people with some learned religious scholars who issue fatwas* against fleeing the plague, so that the quills with which the scholars wrote these fatwas were like swords upon which the Muslims died. In conclusion, to ignore the proofs of plague contagion is an indecency and an affront to God and holds cheap the lives of Muslims." *rulings on Islamic law Lisan al-Din Ibn al-Khatib, A Very Useful Inquiry into the Horrible Sickness, Granada, Spain, 1349-1352 The passage by al-Khatib best illustrates which of the following? A The literary tradition of long-distance travelers in the Islamic world B The growth of scientific thought

B. The growth of scientific thought and innovation in Muslim Spain

"If it were asked, why do we accept the theory of contagion, when already the divine law has refuted the notion of contagion, we will answer: The existence of contagion has been proved by experience, deduction, the senses, observation, and by unanimous reports. And it is not a secret to whoever has looked into this matter or has come to be aware of it that those who come into contact with plague patients mostly die, while those who do not come into contact survive. And amidst the horrible afflictions that the plague has imposed upon the people, God has afflicted the people with some learned religious scholars who issue fatwas* against fleeing the plague, so that the quills with which the scholars wrote these fatwas were like swords upon which the Muslims died. In conclusion, to ignore the proofs of plague contagion is an indecency and an affront to God and holds cheap the lives of Muslims." *rulings on Islamic law Lisan al-Din Ibn al-Khatib, A Very Useful Inquiry into the Horrible Sickness, Granada, Spain, 1349-1352 The passage by al-Khatib is best understood in the context of which of the following? A The continuing endemic presence of malaria in the Mediterranean B The spread of the Bl

B. The spread of the Black Death in the aftermath of the Mongol conquests

(SHOWS A MAP THAT'S FROM EGYPT TO CHINA. IT ALSO SHOWS LINES AKA TRADE ROUTES.) The lines on the map above illustrate which of the following? A Spread of Hinduism B Spread of Christianity C Extent of trade routes D Seasonal migrations of nomads

C. Extent of trade routes

Before 1450 C.E. which of the following is true of sub-Saharan Africa's commercial economy? A Phoenician merchants controlled most of the long-distance trade of sub-Saharan Africa. B The Mali—Great Zimbabwe trade route dominated the economy of sub-Saharan Africa. C Sub-Saharan Africa exported gold to the Middle East and Europe. D The Sahara Desert prevented sub-Saharan traders from participating in long-distance trade.

C. Sub-Saharan Africa exported golf to the Middle East and Europe.

(SHOWS A MAP THAT'S FROM EGYPT TO CHINA. IT ALSO SHOWS LINES AKA TRADE ROUTES.) The map above demonstrates which of the following about the Indian Ocean trade? A Monsoons prevented trade from taking place along the East African coast. B Europeans were active in bringing goods from West Africa to the Indian Ocean. C Trade involved most of the regions bordering the Indian Ocean as well as China. D The most important item traded across the Indian Ocean was silk. E Arab and Indian traders were better traders than the Chinese.

C. Trade involved most of the regions bordering the Indian Ocean as well as China.

During the thirteenth and fourteenth centuries, territories under Mongol control benefited from which of the following? A Widespread adoption of Confucian family hierarchies B Trade that facilitated the spread of Christianity throughout the Indian Ocean region C Trade that tied several distinct regional networks together D Widespread adoption of Buddhist religious practices

C. Trade that tied several distinct regional networks together

(PICTURE IS ABOUT A BOAT. SMALL BOAT OVER A BIG BOAT.) The illustration above shows which of the following about the fifteenth century? A The relative number of ships produced by the Hangzhou shipyards and the Genoese shipyards B The beginning of a long period of Chinese domination of Indian Ocean trade C The meting of Vasco de Gama and Zheng He D The relative size of the European caravel and the Ming treasure ship E The use of the lateen sail

D. The relative size of the European caravel and the Ming treasure ship

"The Crusader states were able to cling to survival only through frequent delivery of supplies and manpower from Europe. [They] were defended primarily by three semi-monastic military orders: the Templars, the Hospitallers, and the Teutonic Knights. Combining monasticism and militarism, these orders served to protect pilgrims and to wage perpetual war against the Muslims." Palmira Brummett, world historian, 2007 "Whenever I visited Jerusalem, I always entered the al-Aqsa Mosque, beside which stood a small mosque which the Franks had converted into a church ... [T]he Templars, ... who were my friends, would evacuate the little adjoining mosque so that I could pray in it." Usamah ibn Munqidh, Muslim historian, Jerusalem, circa 1138 The second passage does not support the first passage because the second passage A shows that an influx of manpower from Europe was not critical for the survival of the Crusader states B shows that Muslims vastly outnumbered Europeans in the Crusader states C minimizes the importance of Hospitallers and Teutonic Knights in the administration of the Crusader states D presents an incident in which a military order supported a Muslim traveler

D. presents an incident in which a military order supported a Muslim traveler

Which of the following is true of commerce in the Indian Ocean during the time period 1000-1450? A Chinese merchants dominated the trade routes of the Indian Ocean. B There was very little commercial activity in the Indian Ocean. C Merchants from Europe dominated the trade routes of the Indian Ocean. D Following the rise of the Mongols during the thirteenth century, the volume of Indian Ocean commerce fell sharply. E Indian Ocean commerce flourished and was conducted by a mixture of Asian, Middle Eastern, and East African merchants.

E. Indian Ocean commerce flourished and was conducted by a mixture of Asian, Middle Eastern, and East African merchants.

Which of the following languages came into existence after 1000 as the direct result of expanding global trade patterns? A Arabic B Chinese C Latin D Sanskrit E Swahili

E. Swahili