What is a Computer?
bit
a binary digit, the smallest unit of data, a 1 or 0.
operating system
a collection of computer software that manages hardware resources and provides common services for computer programs. (MacOS, iOS)
general purpose computer
a computer that can run many different programs (e.g. a smartphone).
special purpose computer
a computer that has a fixed program, such as a calculator.
central processing unit (CPU)
a machine that processes information under the control of a program.
applications
a program or group of programs designed for end users such as Firefox, Word, or Angry Birds.
high-level language
a programming language that is human readable (like App Inventor) and provides the programmer with easy to understand abstractions.
machine language
a programming language that is machine readable (binary code), closer to the machine hardware, and provides abstractions that are difficult for the programmer to understand.
program
a sequence of instruction that controls the computer. To run, it must be loaded into the computer's memory where the CPU executes it one instruction at a time.
compiler
a software that translates source code (human readable code) into binary code.
random access memory (RAM)
also called main memory; stores the computer's programs and data temporarily while power is on.
input devices
bring data and programs into the computer, such as a mouse or keyboard.
byte
equivalent to 8 bits of data.
motherboard
houses the computer's main electronic components.
integrated circuit
packed with millions of electronic components.
memory
physical device used to store information for use in a computer or other digital electronic device.
chips
the computer's electrical component are composed of these very tiny integrated circuits.
hardware
the computer's electronic and mechanical components.
computer
the hardware that carries out the instruction of a computer program.
software
the programs that control computers.
output devices
transmits data to other computers or to users.
