Wiley Chapter 6

During a needle biopsy of a person's bone marrow, maybe to test for the presence of cancer, pain is felt when the needle passes through the periosteum because it is richly supplied with nerves.

True

Which of the following is mismatched?

Zone of hypertrophic cartilage - consists of rapidly dividing immature chondrocytes

Bone can be classified as a connective tissue because it contains an extracellular matrix that surrounds widely spaced cells.

True

Bone remodeling, especially bone resorption, plays a role in the maintenance of proper levels of calcium in the blood.

True

Calcitonin inhibits activity of osteoclasts, speeds blood calcium uptake by bone, and accelerates calcium deposition into bones.

True

Which is the proper sequence of steps in the healing of a fracture (the steps are listed below but are not in the correct sequence of events): 1 osteoblasts form trabecular bone that joins together the fractured ends of the bone and bony callus replaces fibrocartilage callus 2 bone remodeling occurs and compact bone replaces the spongy bone around the periphery of the fracture site 3 fibroblasts and chondrocytes from the periosteum form the fibrocartilage callus 4 a fracture hematoma forms and bone cells in the region of the fracture die 5 phagocytes and osteoclasts begin to remove the dead cells and damaged tissue around the hematoma

4 5 3 1 2

Which structure in the image below represents an osteon, the structural unit of compact bone?

A

A greenstick fracture would only be seen in an elderly person with more fragile bones.

False

As long bones form in the fetus, the formation of the medullary cavity occurs because of the actions of osteoblast cells.

False

During the process of bone formation in a fetus, a primary ossification center develops in the epiphysis of a cartilage model of a long bone.

False

Which of the following is mismatched?

Osteoclasts -are derived from osteoblasts and break down bone tissue

Hematopoiesis takes place in the ________ of some adult bones.

Red bone marrow

List the order of the zones in an epiphyseal plate from the diaphyseal region to the distal epiphysis. A: Zone of calcified cartilage B: Zone of hypertrophic cartilage C: Zone of proliferating cartilage D: Zone of resting cartilage

a b c d

Gravity and the pull of muscles against bone are the main mechanical stresses experienced by bone. Stress promotes deposition of mineral salts, collagen, and the strengthening of bone in stressed areas. Which of the following individuals would have a lower rate of bone deposition and would therefore be at greater risk for bone loss through bone resorption?

a secretary who works at a desk job and does not do any regular weight-bearing exercise

Which of the following tissues could be found on or within a bone, such as the humerus?

adipose tissue nervous tissue cartilage ossseous tissue all of these

By which process, as an individual grows to adulthood, is the thickness (diameter) of bone increased?

appositional growth

The ______ is composed of hyaline cartilage and reduces friction between bones involved in a joint.

articular cartilage

Which of the following is incorrectly matched?

articular cartilage - composed of elastic cartilage to allow flexibility

Which two minerals are stored in major quantities in bone tissue?

calcium and phosphorus

Which is not a function of the skeletal system?

carbohydrate storage

An elderly woman trips and falls. She puts out her hand to try to stop her fall, and ends up with a fracture of the lower arm. An x-ray shows that at the break, many pieces of bone have a splintered and fragmented appearance. Which type of fracture does this woman have?

comminuted fracture

Which of the following regions of bone would not undergo bone remodeling as frequently as the other regions?

compact bone

The process of intramembranous ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of mesenchymal tissue. In contrast, endochondral ossification generates bone within a pre-existing template composed of _____.

hyaline cartilage

Ikea is a ten year old child raised on the planet Beneckea which has half the gravity of earth. Her parents have decided to move their family back to earth. Will Ikea need to increase or decrease her bone mass to live comfortably on earth?

increase

Most of the bones of the skull are formed by this process.

intramembranous ossification

Once osteoblasts have surrounded themselves with the extracellular matrix of bone tissue, they remain inside little chambers called __________ where they carry on the metabolic functions that maintain bone tissue. At this point, the cells are called osteocytes.

lacunae

In which region of a long bone, such as the humerus, would you find the epiphyseal plate (growth plate)?

metaphysis

_______ contribute(s) to the hardness of bone while ________ give(s) it flexibility.

mineral salts; collagen and other organics

Which of the following factors affect bone remodeling and growth?

minerals vitamins hormones all of these choices

The cells active in fracture repair during the production of the hard (spongy bone) callus.

osteoblasts

Which is formed from the fusion of as many as 50 monocytes (a type of white blood cell)?

osteoclast

Cells active when cartilage needs to be removed so new bone can be produced.

osteoclasts

Which represents the correct sequence of development of bone cells?

osteoprogenitor cells → osteoblasts → osteocytes

How are osteons in compact bone tissue aligned? How does the osteon arrangement affect bone strength?

parallel to the length of the diaphysis; the shaft resists bending even when stresses are applied in certain directions.

Bone mass reduction is promoted by which hormone?

parathyroid hormone

Bone tissue stores 99% of the body's calcium. Calcium plays important roles beyond the mineralization of bones. The exchange of calcium between bone and body fluids (especially the blood) is regulated by several hormones. Which of the following is the most important hormone regulating calcium exchange?

parathyroid hormone PTH

Compact bone is composed of units called osteons. In contrast, spongy bone is composed of _____.

trabeculae

With aging, bones can become more brittle. This brittleness is due to which factor?

with aging, there is a reduction in collagen synthesis by osteoblasts, which means a loss of tensile strength