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List some of the concerns that HR managers are likely to face with a changing workforce

: The aging of the workforce is the most significant concern of HR managers. The loss of skills resulting from the retirement of many baby boomers, increased medical costs due to an aging workforce, and many employees' needs to care for elderly relatives will also gain prominence. Other issues include developing multilingual training materials and providing work-life benefits for dual-career couples. In addition, managers will have to encourage diversity in age, race, gender, ethnicity, religion, and disability status and deal with the challenges that it brings.

) Which of the following is a type of response to dissatisfaction that is constructive and passive? A) loyalty B) neglect C) voice D) reflect E) exit

A person who is made fun of because he is an Arab-American is being subjected to ________, a kind of discrimination in work environments. A) mockery B) vandalism C) cyberstalking D) gaslighting E) monomania

A situation in which an employee expresses organizationally desired emotions during interpersonal transactions at work is known as ________. A) emotional labor B) self-concordance C) emotional liability D) negative affect E) cognitive deviance

An individual's involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the work he/she performs is known as ________. A) employee engagement B) cognitive dissonance C) emotional contagion D) positivity offset E) self-concordance

Anna Jonas owns a manufacturing firm in Indonesia and strongly believes that it is important that workers' rights be respected. However, because of the recent economic meltdown, she makes the management pay workers a wage which is below ethical standards. In addition, the working conditions are below standards because of low investment in safety equipment. She knows her actions are unethical but continues to do so to avoid major losses. Jonas is most likely to be experiencing ________. A) cognitive dissonance B) emotional contagion C) ethical evasion D) self-concordance E) positivity offset

April's colleague Nathan has consistently pestered her to go out on a date with him. Though she has refused his offer several times, he keeps persisting. She found an envelope on her desk from Nathan with inappropriate pictures and cartoons, which left her infuriated. She now intends to go discuss the matter with the human resource department of her company. Which of the following forms of discrimination is April most likely to cite? A) sexual harassment B) cyberstalking C) mobbing D) exclusion E) electronic harassment

Christina Hutchins was recently recruited by a publishing firm in Manhattan. During her first month in the job, she demonstrated positive core self-evaluations. Which of the following did she most likely do? A) mentioned that she was confident about her basic competence B) expressed dissatisfied with the nature of work C) set less ambiguous goals and objectives D) gave up easily on tasks when faced with difficulties E) did not consider her work as challenging and fulfilling

Emotions such as relaxation, serenity, and calmness comprise the ________ mood dimension. A) low positive affect B) neutral affect C) low negative affect D) high positive affect E) high negative affect

Green Planet, an environmental organization, recently opened an office in Indonesia. The organization is currently looking for employees to staff a deforestation project in the country. They need to recruit individuals who understand the intricacies of Jakarta's culture and the mindset of the locals and are fluent in the local language. Which of the following are they most likely to consider while they recruit for these positions? A) race B) age C) beliefs D) gender E) length of service

Hazel Samuels has been working at her company for the past two years and consistently gets yelled at by her manager even when she is not at fault. He often makes derogatory references to her ethnicity. In addition, during team meetings, she is his target for practical jokes and nasty pranks. She is extremely upset and decides not to be subjected to such treatment any longer. Which of the following kinds of discrimination is she most likely to report to the human resource department in such a situation?

High levels of both job involvement and psychological empowerment are positively related to ________. A) withdrawal behavior B) positivity offset C) organizational citizenship D) emotional contagion E) cognitive dissonance

In a workplace, ________ involves overt threats or bullying directed at members of specific groups of employees. A) intimidation B) risk aversion C) inequity aversion D) optimism bias E) ambiguity aversion

Jill Ivey has been working as a sales executive at Orbit Bank for the last two years. However, she has noticed that she is often not given an opportunity to attend training programs that her team members attend every quarter. She also is disappointed about the fact that she never gets to handle corporate clients, which provides better chances of a promotion. Which of the following kinds of discrimination is she most likely to have been subjected to? A) exclusion B) mockery C) gaslighting D) destabilization E) mobbing

Job dissatisfaction and antagonistic relationships with co-workers predict a variety of behaviors organizations find undesirable, including unionization attempts, substance abuse, undue socializing, and tardiness. These behaviors are indicators of a broader syndrome called ________. A) employee withdrawal B) organizational commitment C) job involvement D) cognitive dissonance E) positivity offset

Johanna Godfrey works as a guest relations executive at a five star deluxe hotel in Washington. During the course of her job, she needs to greet and smile at guests irrespective of her state of mind. In addition, when any guest faces problems, she needs to be calm and composed and help resolve issues. This shows that Johanna's job requires ________. A) emotional labor B) cognitive dissonance C) self-concordance D) positivity offset E) social loafing

Jonathan Cowan is upset because he was passed over for a promotion he had really worked hard for. In response to his anger toward the manager and the company, he has started gossiping about the manager with his colleagues and assigning blame on him unnecessarily. Jonathan's behavior is an example of ________. A) deviant workplace behavior B) distinction bias C) cognitive dissonance D) positivity offset E) emotional dissonance

Lorna Perry, who works in a financial firm in Michigan, is required to calculate a large number of clients' accounts daily. She needs to tally figures and check accuracy at a high speed. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability does Perry most likely use? A) number aptitude B) perpetual speed C) extent flexibility D) visual perception E) deductive reasoning

Malcolm Industries recently hired a large number of workers for the company's new construction factory in Colorado. During the hiring process, the management made a clear effort to recruit physically strong individuals because the work at the factory involves manual labor. The jobs need to be performed by individuals who have the energy and physical stamina to work for long hours. Which of the following surface-level characteristics did the company most likely concentrate on when selecting the new workers? A) age B) values C) beliefs D) religion E) personality

Maria Womack works for a bank in Michigan and is dissatisfied with the way her manager treats her. She is planning to quit her job and find a new position with another competitor bank. Her action represents the ________ response. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) acceptance

Organizational commitment is defined as ________. A) the degree to which employees identify with the organization they work for and its goals B) the state of discord caused by opposition of values between people working together C) the degree to which an employee's sense of cognitive dissonance is related to his/her job D) the employee's degree of disagreement or differential opinions about organizational practices E) the degree to which employees believe their work impacts their organization significantly

People often behave in ways that violate established norms and threaten the organization, its members, or both. Such actions are called ________. A) workplace deviant behaviors B) social alienation behaviors C) role engulfment D) behavioral contagion E) behavioral modernity

Stacy Hanes is an African-American woman who has recently taken her first job and does not seem to like the work environment at all. Her colleagues put down her ideas at team meetings and refer to them as "stupid." In addition, they make fun of her race and often ask her if she is educated enough to work for the company. Which of the following kinds of discrimination is Hanes most likely subject to? A) mockery B) sexual harassment C) stalking D) deception E) subterfuge

The ________ is the most widely used intelligence test in hiring decisions and takes only twelve minutes to be completed. A) Wonderlic Cognitive Ability Test B) Ammons Quick Test C) Stanford-Binet Intelligence Scales D) Kohs block design test E) Wechsler Adult Intelligence Scale

The physical ability that allows a body to continue maximum effort at maintaining prolonged effort over time is known as ________. A) stamina B) extent flexibility C) static strength D) body coordination E) balance

The statement, "A person who eats meat and then fights for animal rights demonstrates double standards" is an evaluative statement. Such an opinion constitutes the ________ component of an attitude. A) cognitive B) affective C) reflective D) behavioral E) reactive

Tiffany Crowe works as a showroom executive at a clothing boutique in London. Today, she is in a positive mood and instantly greets and smiles at a customer who walks into the store. The customer feels welcomed by her response. While browsing the store, Crowe helps the customer with products and passes on her positive mood to the customer. The customer leaves the store feeling content with a smile on her face. Which of the following best describes this situation? A) emotional contagion B) positivity offset C) cognitive dissonance D) framing effect E) bandwagon effect

Whether a candidate has high emotional intelligence would be a significant factor when considering a candidate for the job of a(n) ________. A) event planner who needs to coordinate with several people B) engineer working on developing a software program C) web researcher who needs to consolidate online travel information D) copy-editor who checks spelling and grammatical errors in manuscripts E) technical writer who needs to create a 1000-word article every day

Which of the following best describes spatial visualization? A) the ability to imagine how an object would look if its position were changed B) the ability to retain and recall or remember past experiences C) the ability to identify visual similarities and differences quickly and accurately D) the ability to understand what is read or heard and the relation between words E) the ability to calculate numbers in a speedy and accurate manner

Which of the following is a biographical characteristic of an employee? A) length of tenure B) work preferences C) personality D) values E) beliefs

Which of the following is a characteristic of emotions? A) Emotions are reactions to a person or event. B) Emotions last for a longer time period than moods. C) Emotions are never action-oriented in nature. D) Emotions lack a contextual stimulus. E) Emotions involve less intense feelings than moods.

Which of the following is a generic term that covers a broad range of feelings that people experience? A) affect B) knowledge C) insight D) attention E) cognition

Which of the following is an example of a sedentary activity that does not play a crucial role in increasing positive mood? A) playing video games at home B) going for a hike in the mountains C) going on a ski vacation D) eating a meal with family members E) going to a party with friends

Which of the following is an example of an uplifting event according to the affective events theory? A) meeting a project milestone B) being passed over for a promotion C) colleagues refusing to carry their share of work D) receiving conflicting directions from different managers E) receiving a gift from a colleague on a birthday

Which of the following is an example of deviant workplace behavior? A) sabotaging one's organization's computers B) taking blame for not achieving a deadline C) putting forward one's views in a brainstorming session D) working during the weekend to make up for backlog E) requesting a two-day leave during the Christmas season

Which of the following is most likely to be related to reduced absences and lower resignation rates? A) high job involvement B) high cognitive dissonance C) low psychological empowerment D) low organizational commitment E) high emotional contagion

Which of the following is not true regarding emotion regulation? A) It can be defined as a person's ability to understand the meaning of emotions. B) Persons engaging in emotion regulation might try to cheer themselves when they're feeling down. C) It involves identifying and modifying the emotions one feels. D) Emotion regulation is a strong predictor of task performance for some jobs and organization citizenship behavior. E) Surface acting has only a minimal effect on emotion regulation.

Which of the following is one of the six essentially universal emotions agreed on by a majority of researchers? A) anger B) shame C) apathy D) indifference E) distress

Which of the following is the best example of mockery as a tool of discriminatory treatment in organizations? A) Rifka's supervisor often stereotypes Rifka because of her ethnic heritage and makes jokes about her ethnicity. B) Because she is considerably older than the rest of her team, Hannah's colleagues often do not invite her to team lunches or informal team get-togethers. C) Joan's boss sets impossible targets and reprimands her in front of her colleagues if she fails to complete them on time. D) Sheena is the only African-American employee in her department and often feels left out of office jokes and gossip. E) Most of Leanne's co-workers are male and share inappropriate jokes at the office.

Which of the following is the best example of the use of intimidation? A) Anya's boss, Kira, sets difficult targets and hints that Anya may lose her job if she doesn't meet them. B) Jill's manager, Steve, rarely considers her business ideas, but he consistently praises the contributions of Jill's colleague, Emily. C) Natasha's colleagues often make jokes using cultural or ethnic stereotypes. D) Although Kathleen had spent a longer time in the organization, her colleague Gary was promoted to a management position. E) Jane's colleagues recently forgot to invite her to a team lunch, a fact that caused her great distress.

Which of the following is true according to the affective events theory? A) Employees react emotionally to events at work, which affects their job performance and satisfaction. B) Employees who score high on emotional stability are more likely to react strongly to negative events. C) Employees who experience emotional dissonance at work can only be motivated with the help of money. D) An employee's emotions are independent of the employee's age and gender. E) Employees scoring high on the personality trait of extraversion tend to be more successful at the workplace.

Which of the following is true with regard to moderating variables in attitude relationships? A) Attitudes that our memories can easily access are more likely to predict our behavior. B) General attitudes tend to predict particular or specific behaviors. C) Attitudes are less likely to be remembered if frequently expressed or talked about. D) The relationship between an attitude and a behavior is weaker if an attitude involves a direct relation to personal experience. E) Conflicts between attitudes and behavior occur when there are no social pressures.

Which of the following refers to a kind of discrimination which refers to overt threats or bullying directed at members of specific groups of employees? A) intimidation B) impact bias C) inequity aversion D) framing effect E) benefaction

Which of the following statements is an example of the behavioral component of an attitude? A) I have decided to apply for the position of a campaigner in the climate department. B) I am thrilled to know that the human resource department is looking for a climate campaigner. C) The position of a climate campaigner is challenging and interesting. D) The position of a climate campaigner will allow me to explore my skills as a campaigner. E) I think the position of a climate campaigner involves extensive travel.

Which of the following statements is true about measuring job satisfaction? A) The single global rating system is not very time consuming. B) The summation of job facets approach takes into account cognitive dissonance experienced by employees. C) The summation of job facets approach prevents managers from zeroing in on problems. D) The summation of job facets approach involves responding to one particular question. E) The single global rating approach is rarely used for measuring job satisfaction.

Which of the following statements is true regarding surface acting? A) It involves foregoing emotional expressions in response to display rules. B) It involves changing one's likes and dislikes to be in sync with display rules. C) It involves displaying one's true feelings explicitly toward a person. D) It deals with expressing felt emotions toward a person or event. E) It involves trying to modify one's true inner feelings based on display rules.

Which of the following statements represents a person's job attitude? A) I enjoy my work because it offers me challenges and helps me hone my networking skills. B) I believe my work has a direct impact on the processes of the organization. C) I believe my work performance indicates my caliber and potential. D) I agree with the organization about its commitment to the environment. E) I believe in the organization's objectives about supporting the underprivileged.

Which of the following terms refers to a person's ability to detect and to manage emotional cues and information? A) emotional intelligence B) self-concordance C) emotional spectrum D) illusory correlation E) cognitive dissonance

Which of the following terms refers to the practice of hiding inner feelings and foregoing emotional expressions in response to display rules? A) surface acting B) anchoring bias C) active camouflage D) bandwagon effect E) framing effect

________ are caused by a specific event, are very brief, and are accompanied by distinct facial expressions. A) Emotions B) Perceptions C) Attitudes D) Moods E) Reactions

________ emotions are emotions that people actually experience, despite what they might display. A) Felt B) Conditional C) Surface D) Disseminative E) Cognitive

________ is a dimension of intellectual ability which involves using logic to assess the implications of an argument. A) Deductive reasoning B) Spatial visualization C) Haptic perception D) Multistable perception E) Lateral masking

________ is a dimension of intellectual ability which refers to the ability to do speedy and accurate arithmetic. A) Number aptitude B) Verbal comprehension C) Deductive reasoning D) Spatial visualization E) Amodal perception

________ is a pure marker of low negative affect. A) Boredom B) Nervousness C) Contentment D) Relaxation E) Serenity

________ may be defined as an individual's current capacity to perform the various tasks in a job. A) Ability B) Age C) Duty D) Role E) Tenure

________ refers to a dimension of intellectual ability which involves identifying a logical sequence in a problem and using this logical sequence to solve the problem. A) Inductive reasoning B) Spatial visualization C) Form perception D) Visual perception E) Visual prosthesis

________ refers to a positive feeling about one's job resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics. A) Job satisfaction B) Job design C) Positivity offset D) Constructive dismissal E) Picketing

________ refers to an overall factor of intelligence as suggested by the positive correlations among specific intellectual ability dimensions. A) General mental ability B) Malleable intelligence C) Extelligence D) The Flynn effect E) Virtual memory

________ refers to evaluative statements or judgments concerning objects, people, or events. A) Attitude B) Behavior C) Appearance D) Demeanor E) Performance

________ refers to the biological heritage people use to identify themselves. A) Race B) Values C) Beliefs D) Religion E) GMA

________, which may occur intentionally or unintentionally, refers to keeping certain people in a work place away from job opportunities, social events, discussions, or informal mentoring. A) Exclusion B) Mockery C) Stalking D) Ragging E) Bullying

) Raylon Inc. is in the process of recruiting a new operations manager. The human resources team has narrowed the candidate list down to two candidates but cannot come to an agreement about whom to hire. Though both candidates have the relevant qualifications for the post, one will soon be 60 years old. The other candidate is in his early thirties. Rachel, a member of the HR team, recommends hiring the older candidate, citing his years of experience and leadership ability. Tim, on the other hand, strongly recommends that the company hire the younger candidate, as he is likely to be more flexible when it comes to working. Which of the following, if true, most strengthens Rachel's argument? A) The job requires frequent travel around the company's six factories located across the country. B) Most of the employees the operations manager will be supervising are under 30 years of age. C) Research has shown that older workers are more prone to absenteeism for health-related issues. D) Almost half of the company's top managers are in the 45-65 age bracket. E) The company recently instituted a new production system that cuts waste by 30 percent.

A market researcher who uses his ability to identify a logical sequence to predict demand for a new line of winter clothing is using the ________ dimension of intellectual ability. A) spatial visualization B) inductive reasoning C) verbal comprehension D) lateral masking E) deductive reasoning

Abigail Jones is a sales executive at Orbit Bank in Brussels. She is the best performer on her team and often gets the highest number of corporate accounts for the company. However, she feels that she does not get sufficient credit for her hard work. During lunch, she says to her colleague, "I have been getting the largest accounts for the bank for the past eight months. Yet, my manager never acknowledges the kind of effort I put in to get these accounts." Which component of attitude is being demonstrated by Jones? A) positive component B) cognitive component C) affective component D) behavioral component E) reflective component

Angela Wells recently applied for a job at Spiga, a lounge in Paris. Having worked in several restaurants and lounges in and across France, she was confident that she would get the job. However, soon after the interview, she was informed that another candidate was offered the job, even though the other candidate had limited experience in comparison to her. Angela feels that she was discriminated against. Which of the following, if true, would best justify Angela's assumption? A) The woman who was selected over her could speak French fluently. B) Angela is a single mother with two young children. C) Angela does not have a degree in hospitality management. D) The lounge caters to elite business clientele in Paris. E) Angela learned of the position through a friend working at the lounge

Antonio Guillermo's wife was recently diagnosed with breast cancer. Guillermo had to take a considerable amount of time off work to care for their children, and he was late in completing his portion of a large project. Guillermo never feared that his job was in jeopardy because of his absences or his delay in completion of work. Name the major job attitude associated with this example. A) psychological empowerment B) perceived organizational support C) organizational commitment D) employee engagement E) job involvement

Any incompatibility between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes results in ________. A) organizational dissonance B) cognitive dissonance C) attitudinal clarification D) positivity offset E) affective reactance

As part of their sales training, the staff at Penny Stores is encouraged to build personal relationships with the store's patrons. Apart from receiving product training, the staff is taught to follow a scripted sales process wherein they must greet the customers, introduce themselves, and enquire about their purchase. They are also encouraged to engage in casual conversation with the customer. In a recent survey conducted by the marketing department, it was revealed that customers were dissatisfied with the level of service at Penny Stores. Which of the following, if true, best explains this situation? A) Customers come to Penny Stores to make high-involvement purchases. B) Customers associate superior service with efficiency and not friendliness. C) Penny Stores offer an extensive range of consumer products. D) The training period for the staff is three weeks long. E) The staff at Penny Stores is friendly but not familiar.

Attending union meetings as a way of coping with job dissatisfaction is an example of a(n) ________ response. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) ratification

Gina Sanchez, an architect in California, is renovating an old school building and turning it into a retail and entertainment space. She must decide how the existing layout can be redesigned and modified to best suit the new uses. Which of the following dimensions of intelligence will most help Gina reimagine the existing building? A) haptic perception B) spatial visualization C) memory D) inductive reasoning E) deductive reasoning

In her work in the publishing industry, Vera Loranzo seeks out new authors who she considers promising. In the past two years, she has found a number of new writers whose work she thought was exceptional and immersed herself in the task of helping them shape their manuscripts for submission to her managers for publishing. Although she was extremely proud of the results, none of the authors she worked with were chosen for publication. After learning about her management's decision, she is extremely frustrated and is beginning to resent the job she does. However, she knows there is nothing she can do and continues working because of the good perks and salary benefits the job offers. How can Loranzo's job attitude be best described? A) low job involvement B) low job satisfaction C) high psychological empowerment D) high positivity offset E) low emotional contagion

Jason has been spending a great deal of work time talking to his co-workers about how dissatisfied he is with the job. He also has spent quite a bit of time discussing unionization. In the last week, Jason has arrived at work intoxicated twice. His behavior can be classified as ________ behavior. A) citizenship B) deviant C) organizational commitment D) positive affect E) satisficing

Jeremy Samuels works in a police department in California. His job often requires him to observe clues that criminals leave behind. His job is to analyze these clues, which helps the department catch the criminal. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability does Samuels most likely have? A) spatial visualization B) perceptual speed C) extent flexibility D) dynamic flexibility E) number aptitude

Lillian Stintson works for a global women's rights organization. In the past few months, she has traveled across the globe for the campaign she was working on. In addition, she has been working weekends to meet campaign milestones. She has now decided to take a month's holiday to relax and get a much-needed break. She knows that the organization will understand her need for a long holiday. Which of the following best represents Stintson's feeling? A) low employee engagement B) high perceived organizational support C) low organizational commitment D) low job involvement E) high interest in whistle-blowing

Sarah Mayer works as a marketing executive and has been unhappy with her job profile for several months now. Over the months, she has regularly discussed with her manager how her skills lie in administrative tasks instead of in marketing. In addition, she discusses how she can make a smooth transition into the administrative role. Which type of response is Mayer using in this situation? A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) performance

Susan Daniels works for an event management company and is discontent with her job because she was passed over for a promotion. She has now composed a list of concerns and plans to discuss the issue with her supervisor. Daniels' response to the problem is referred to as ________. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) acceptance

Synergy Inc. is a medium-sized logistics company. The management is facing tough times as the workers are dissatisfied and are engaging in a number of deviant workplace behaviors such as stealing and substance abuse during working hours. The management is considering various options to curb these counterproductive behaviors. What would be a better way to deal with such forms of workplace deviance? A) The management should let employees realize their wrongdoing on their own. B) The management should attack the source of the problem, i.e., the dissatisfaction. C) The management must introduce surveillance to ensure smooth flow of work. D) The management must suspend employees who engage in deviant workplace behaviors. E) The management must restrict the activities that adversely affect productivity.

The ________ response includes actively and constructively attempting to improve conditions, including suggesting improvements, discussing problems with superiors, and undertaking some forms of union activity. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) acceptance

The degree to which a person identifies with his or her job, actively participates in it, and considers his or her performance as being important to self-worth is referred to as ________. A) emotional contagion B) job involvement C) job stability D) emotional dissonance E) direct action

The manager's suggestion is based on which of the following assumptions? A) Employees are not experiencing a lack of work-life balance. B) Employees' workload can be adjusted to accommodate their requests to go on leave. C) Employees have been misusing the company's policy that allows them to exchange unused leave for cash. D) Employees have been able to go on leave whenever they wanted to. E) Employees have been working on regular working days of the year.

The practice of modifying one's true inner feelings based on display rules is known as ________. A) surface acting B) deep acting C) social loafing D) behavioral contagion E) collective efficacy

The theory of cognitive dissonance was proposed by ________. A) Abraham Maslow B) Leon Festinger C) Geert Hofstede D) Daryl Bem E) Ivan Petrovich Pavlov

Thurman Inc., a manufacturing company in Vermont, needs to hire employees for its new office in the city. The positions require the employees to travel across the country regularly. The management has specified that they are looking for employees below the age of 40 who are young and dynamic. Which of the following beliefs is the management most likely to hold? A) Younger workers make stronger judgments. B) Younger workers are more flexible to change. C) Younger workers have more experience. D) Younger workers have stronger work ethics. E) Younger workers are more committed to quality.

Under which of the following conditions is job dissatisfaction most likely to result in turnover? A) Employees have negative core self-evaluation. B) Employees have high education and ability. C) Employment opportunities are scarce. D) Employees experience emotional contagion. E) Employees have supportive relationships with their co-workers.

Under which of the following conditions, if true, would the manager's suggestion least likely be accepted? A) The company conducts one-day offsite events on an annual basis to allow employees some time to unwind. B) The skills required by the company are highly specialized, and hence the company is short-staffed. C) The employees, though experiencing high levels of stress, also report high levels of job engagement. D) The company's employees have reported high stress levels for more than three years in a row. E) The company's leading competitor was recently voted as one of the best places to work due to its focus on employee well-being.

When Ariana Winter is told that her dog has been killed by a car, she feels deeply saddened. Her feelings are then overcome by a surge of anger at the car driver. However, minutes later, she is able to laugh and talk about the good memories spent with her pet. What is one of the reasons that Winter's reaction can be categorized as an emotion? A) Its cause is general and ambiguous. B) It lasted for a brief time period. C) It is not action-oriented. D) It is a negative feeling. E) It is cognitive in nature.

Which of the following actions best represents Kelly's high job involvement? A) Kelly always complains about her work to her colleagues. B) Kelly actively takes part in team activities and proactively takes up additional job responsibilities. C) Kelly shares the organization's vision of supporting renewable energy. D) Kelly dislikes the unethical practices followed by her employer. E) Kelly wants to continue working for the organization because many of her college friends are working there.

Which of the following best describes the physical ability known as dynamic flexibility? A) the ability to exert force against external objects B) the ability to make rapid, repeated flexing movements C) the ability to exert muscular force repeatedly or continuously over time D) the ability to expend a maximum of energy in one or a series of explosive acts E) the ability to move the trunk and back muscles as far as possible

Which of the following is an example of surface acting? A) an employee expressing her true admiration for her colleague B) an employee masking her emotions of distrust toward the management C) an employee striving to like her job even though it feels uninteresting D) an employee retorting back at an annoying customer E) a colleague making an effort to get along with a difficult team mate

Which of the following is an example of the affective component of an attitude? A) believing that one achieved all objectives of a project B) relying on the information of a company's annual report C) perceiving whistle-blowing as the right thing to do D) feeling hurt at being unfairly accused of a wrongdoing E) deciding to fire an employee because of underperformance

Which of the following is not an example of moral emotions? A) sympathy for the suffering of others B) contempt for those who behave ethically C) guilt about our own immoral behavior D) anger about injustice done to others E) disgust at violations of moral norms

Which of the following is not true regarding positive and negative emotions in different cultures? A) In China, people report experiencing fewer positive and negative emotions than people in other cultures. B) Compared to Mainland Chinese, Taiwanese are similar to Latin Americans in their experience of culture. C) The emotions felt by people in China are less intense than the emotions felt by people in other cultures. D) Compared to Mainland Chinese, Taiwanese are more like U.S. workers in their experience of emotions. E) On average, Taiwanese report more positive and fewer negative emotions than their Chinese counterparts.

Which of the following is the most likely reason why employers should employ older workers? A) They adjust to new technology promptly. B) Older workers have extensive work experience. C) Older workers are flexible and learn quickly. D) They have shorter tenures and hence lower pension benefits than younger workers. E) The rates of unavoidable absences are lower than those of younger workers.

Which of the following is true with respect to workplace discrimination? A) Discrimination occurs more at lower levels in the organization than higher levels. B) It may lead to reduced productivity and citizenship behavior. C) Only intentional discrimination is addressed by diversity management efforts. D) Forms of discrimination like exclusion are easy to root out. E) The discriminators are invariably aware of their action toward the victim.

Which of the following statements is true regarding sources of moods and emotions? A) Reduced sleep makes a person more alert during waking hours. B) Physical and informal activities increase positive mood. C) Weather has a controlling effect on moods. D) Intensity of negative emotions increases with age. E) Mounting levels of stress at work create positive emotions.

Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen the argument that Sonia is experiencing cognitive dissonance? A) She believes that cosmetics help boost women's self-confidence. B) She believes that testing products on animals is an unethical practice. C) She majored in pharmacology as part of her master's degree program in college. D) She recently received a positive performance review from her supervisor. E) She is confounded by the fact that the cosmetic industry rakes in almost $7 billion annually.

________ is a dimension of intellectual ability which refers to the ability to understand what is read or heard and the relationship of words to each other. A) Lateral masking B) Verbal comprehension C) Depth perception D) Spatial visualization E) Visual perception

________ is a pure marker of high positive affect. A) Contentment B) Excitement C) Fatigue D) Boredom E) Relaxation

________ is a pure marker of low positive affect. A) Stress B) Relaxation C) Boredom D) Nervous E) Alert

________ is moderately correlated with organizational citizenship behavior. A) Emotional contagion B) Job satisfaction C) Absenteeism D) Turnover rate E) Cognitive dissonance

________ refers to inconsistencies between the emotions people feel and the emotions they project. A) Collective efficacy B) Emotional dissonance C) Social loafing D) Positivity offset E) Self-concordance

________ refers to individual differences in strength with which individuals experience their emotions. A) The Hawthorne effect B) Affect intensity C) Intelligence quotient D) Positivity offset E) Ambiguity effect

________ refers to the tendency of most individuals to experience a mildly positive mood at zero input when nothing in particular is going on. A) Low positive affect B) Positivity offset C) Blunted affect D) Negativity bias E) Residual positivity

ally works as a customer care executive at a telecom office in Ohio. She often needs to interact with a regular customer and she finds him extremely annoying. However, because of the nature of her work, she conceals her emotions well and politely talks to him and clarifies all his questions. Which of the following is being experienced by Sally? A) illusory correlation B) emotional dissonance C) positive affect D) emotional selection E) positivity offset

) Henry Hutchins is discontent with his job but believes that his supervisor is a good man who will do whatever is necessary to reduce his dissatisfaction with the job. He has decided to just wait and give his supervisor some time until conditions improve. Henry's response to this problem is termed as ________. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) ratification

1) Kimberly Ortiz strongly believes in working for a company which promotes diversity. She believes that such organizations are respectful of differences and allow employees more exposure. She recently attended an interview where she was told that the company follows policies which focus on organizational diversity. However, when she finally joined the company, she had a strong feeling that the company's claim was not true. Which of the following, if true, weakens Kimberly's belief that the company does not encourage diversity? A) Eighty-five percent of the top management positions in the company are held by men. B) She is the only African-American member in the entire workforce. C) The workforce is not dominated by any specific ethnic or racial group. D) The previous company she worked for made a conscious effort to employ an equal number of men and women. E) Her team members believe that they are treated equally in spite of differences in performance.

Bryan Eusebius has a positive attitude toward his organization. He feels the management treats all employees fairly in matters concerning rewards, is understanding toward their needs and requirements, and allows them to have a voice in decisions. Bryan's attitude toward his organization is indicative of ________. A) emotional contagion B) positivity offset C) perceived organizational support D) cognitive dissonance E) self-concordance

Carrie recently received the Employee of the Year award at the call center where she works as a customer service representative. She was chosen for the award because she is known to be highly courteous toward even the most difficult of callers and is efficient at handling their queries. A month after receiving the award, Carrie submits her resignation. According to her exit interview, she felt burnt out. Which of the following best explains this situation? A) Carrie was overwhelmed by the award. B) Carrie lacked the skills and motivation to perform her job in an effective manner. C) Carrie felt the strain of having to constantly fake positive emotions towards her customers. D) Carrie was demotivated by the lack of recognition and respect from her peers. E) Carrie was unable to empathize with her callers and the problems that they faced.

Erin Corbett works at a software company and is in charge of the help desk. A short while ago, she received a call from a discontented customer about a problem he is facing due to the company's software. Though she tried to help the customer with the software, he refused to listen to her. He continued yelling at her and finally banged the phone down. Corbett feels exasperated after hanging up the phone and goes for a cup of coffee to calm herself down. What makes Corbett's anger an emotion, rather than a mood? A) The cause of her behavior is unclear. B) The feeling of being angry is prolonged. C) The anger has a contextual stimulus. D) The response is void of action. E) The response is cognitive in nature.

Heather Donahue, who works as a receptionist at a finance firm in New Jersey, has been dissatisfied with her job for several months now. She finds the job uninteresting because of its monotonous nature where all she needs to do is receive calls. During work hours, she often experiences emotions such as tiredness, weariness, and boredom. Which of the following mood dimensions is she most likely to be experiencing? A) low positive affect B) neutral affect C) low negative affect D) high positive affect E) high negative affect

In Indonesia, comfortable living occurs at about $30,000. Based on the measurement of comfortable living, which of the following is most likely to be true? A) People earning approximately $25,000 are content with their jobs. B) People earning below $30,000 are as happy with jobs as those earning $35,000. C) People earning below $30,000 experience a positive correlation between pay and job satisfaction. D) People earning $50,000 have higher levels of job satisfaction than those earning $40,000. E) People's earnings have no relation to their job satisfaction if they earn $25,000.

Janice Hartley works as a writer at a fashion magazine in New York. She was recently asked by her editor to write an article on "10 must-haves for the autumn season." Her editor has now sent back the article saying it is not interesting enough to hold the attention of the reader. Janice is upset and disappointed about the feedback. Which component of an attitude is represented in this scenario? A) positive component B) cognitive component C) affective component D) behavioral component E) evaluative component

Joe Dailey is unhappy with his job because he has not received the promotion due to him several years ago. However, in spite of this, he speaks up to support his company's actions even when the local newspaper is criticizing them. Which of the following types of response represents his behavior? A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) neglect E) acceptance

Joseph Pierce is the managing director of Drake Coal Power Plant in North Yorkshire. He knows that coal is a major contributor to climate change and has made his research team study impacts of coal on the environment. After knowing the facts, he faces a high degree of dissonance between his values and behavior. Which of the following is he most likely to do to reduce the dissonance between his belief and behavior? A) get government sanction to build and develop more power plants across the country B) increase revenue by building power plants in developing and underdeveloped countries C) reassure the public that there is no correlation between environment and coal production D) hire more employees to fill positions in new power plant stations E) provide locals benefits to substantiate for the effects of coal power stations

Julie recently joined a youth center as a counselor who provides support services for teenage mothers. An important part of her job involves referring pregnant teenagers to abortion clinics, should they decide to avail of such services. This aspect of her work, however, conflicts with her religious beliefs. Her manager, Kyle, is aware of this and expects her to submit her resignation at any time, but Julie continues to carry out her duties in a sincere manner and shows no signs of quitting her job. Which of the following best explains this situation? A) Julie allows her professional life to be dictated by her religious ideals. B) Julie refuses to acknowledge the hard truths of life. C) Julie has accepted that people have the freedom of choice. D) Julie is unable to empathize with the teenagers who visit the youth center. E) Julie does not realize the importance of her work to society

Kim Anderson works as a campaign manager at an environmental organization in Ottawa. In the past few months, she has noticed that one team member, Janice Kenneth, has shown a lot of potential as the next project lead. However, Anderson heard from the grapevine that Kenneth may be quitting the job. She now needs to know whether she has the intention to lead the campaign in the next few months, which are crucial months for the campaign. Which of the following questions would best help Anderson understand Kenneth's intention toward the project? A) How do you like your job on the whole? B) Do you like the work culture in the organization? C) Do you see yourself working with us in the next 6 months? D) Are you motivated enough to achieve all project milestones? E) Are you happy with your overall job performance?

Leon Festinger argued that ________ follow(s) ________. A) behavior; attitudes B) emotions; attitude C) attitudes; behavior D) thought processes; moods E) conduct; feelings

On which day of the week does the positive effect tend to be highest? A) Sundays B) Mondays C) Saturdays D) Tuesdays E) Wednesdays

Rene Cox works as a media officer in a global forest protection organization. Her job requires her to interact with a large number of people from the press with whom she needs to establish strong professional relationships. This requires her to remember a large number of people's names and the organizations with which they are associated. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability will best help her accomplish this task? A) inductive reasoning B) spatial visualization C) memory D) visual perception E) polymodality

Robert Springer woke up in the morning and felt a sense of joy and peace as he got ready for work. At work, though challenges came his way, he tackled them without getting stressed about them. This feeling lasted for several days that week. What is one of the reasons that Springer's feeling can be categorized as a mood and not as an emotion? A) It is more intense than emotions. B) It is brought about by a specific event. C) It is prolonged in nature. D) It is a positive feeling. E) It is indicated by a facial expression.

The exit-voice-loyalty-neglect framework aids in understanding the consequences of ________. A) increasing growth opportunities B) emotional contagion C) dissatisfaction D) regular feedback E) high employee engagement

The human resource department of Palmer Inc. is aiming to understand the degree of employee engagement in the organization. Which of the following statements would best help them in the process? A) Do you believe in the organization's five-year plan? B) Do you believe the organization is concerned about your well-being? C) Do you enjoy your everyday tasks and achieving project milestones? D) Do you feel the organization values your work? E) Do you agree with the organization's stand on sustainable work practices

To get his company through some hard economic times, Ben's working hours have just been reduced from 40 hours a week to 33. Ben is upset about the reduction in time and pay, but he shows up at work every morning and is willing to patiently wait until economic times improve and he can go back to working full time. Which of the following types of response is being displayed by Ben? A) voice B) neglect C) loyalty D) exit E) acceptance

Which of the following best describes the physical ability known as dynamic strength? A) the ability to maintain equilibrium despite forces pulling off balance B) the ability to coordinate the simultaneous actions of different parts of the body C) the ability to exert muscular force repeatedly or continuously over time D) the ability to expend a maximum of energy in one or a series of explosive acts E) the ability to move the trunk and back muscles as far as possible

Which of the following is a kind of physical ability which refers to the ability to make rapid, repeated flexing movements? A) equilibrium B) balance C) dynamic flexibility D) static strength E) body coordination

Which of the following is true about the correlation between salary and job satisfaction? A) Pay is not related to job satisfaction for employees in underdeveloped countries. B) Salary and perks do not have a role in overall happiness of employees from poor countries. C) Pay does not play a critical role in job satisfaction when an individual reaches a level of comfortable living. D) Financial perks and benefits always create job satisfaction irrespective of standards of living. E) High salary level always creates organizational commitment.

Which of the following statements is most likely to be true about the major job attitudes? A) They are highly distinct from one another. B) They are generally resistant to change. C) They tend to overlap one another. D) They are not correlated to one another. E) They increase cognitive dissonance.

Which of the following statements is true regarding emotional intelligence (EI)? A) It refers to a score derived from standardized tests to measure intelligence. B) It refers to an aptitude for intellectual activities that cannot be acquired with personal effort. C) It comprises a person's ability to detect others' and one's own feelings. D) It is based on rationality instead of intuitive appeal to make judgments. E) It refers to a person's ability to suppress his/her true emotions and express organizationally accurate emotions.

Why should managers be interested in their employees' attitudes? A) They result from behavior. B) They lead to self-concordance. C) They give warnings of potential problems. D) They result in emotional contagion. E) They result in cognitive dissonance.

________ diversity refers to diversity in observable attributes such as race, ethnicity, sex, and age. A) Psychographic B) Additive C) Surface-level D) Disjunctive E) Conjunctive

________ is the degree to which employees believe the organization values their contribution and cares about their well-being. A) Psychological empowerment B) Employee engagement C) Perceived organizational support D) Organizational commitment E) Job involvement

________ refers to feelings that tend to be less intense than emotions and that lack a contextual stimulus. A) Affect B) Cognition C) Mood D) Thought E) Reaction

________ refers to the ability to exert force against external objects. A) Body coordination B) Dynamic flexibility C) Static strength D) Extent flexibility E) Cognitive ability

) Which of the following is an example of deep acting? A) Sasha ignores a colleague's question because she knows he has a personal grudge against her. B) Andy conceals her emotions and politely talks to a customer even though he is annoying her. C) Liza smiles at her manager even though last week she was passed over for a promotion. D) Dave tries to get along with a co-worker because they will soon be working together on a project. E) Javier is tired of working long hours and calls in sick on Monday to skip work

Alejandro is constantly annoying people in the office. He speaks his mind freely without taking into consideration how it will affect others, doesn't try to smile when he's in a bad mood, and can't understand why other people are upset with him. Alejandro's inability to be self-aware indicates that he has a very low ________. A) cognitive intelligence B) self-esteem C) negative affect D) emotional intelligence E) job satisfaction

Amber and Emma were recently hired by a marketing agency. Though there is a lot of work that has been allotted to both of them, Amber is always in a good mood. Emma, on the other hand, appears to be depressed with her job. Compared to Emma, Amber is more likely to ________. A) take an extended time at processing information B) have poor problem-solving skills C) make poorer decisions D) find better solutions to problems E) weigh all possible options rather than the most likely ones

Ashley Madison works as a receptionist at a fashion magazine. One morning, her boss walks into the office and yells at her, telling her that the front office is a mess and she needs to clean it immediately. After her boss leaves the room, Madison goes to the front office and violently slams trash into the bin. Which of the following best describes Madison's anger? A) a recognition B) an insight C) a mood D) an emotion E) a perception

Audrey Smith is a renowned psychiatrist in New Jersey. While interacting with patients, she needs to understand their points of view by listening intently to what they say. It is important that she understands their problems so that she can offer advice. In such a situation, Smith is using the ________ dimension of intellectual ability. A) number aptitude B) perpetual speed C) spatial visualization D) verbal comprehension E) lateral thinking

Ben has been working as a process executive at an accounting firm for the past two years. A hard worker, his work is of good quality and he often puts in extra hours at the office to ensure his schedules are on track. Noticing his efforts, the management offers him a 20 percent hike. Two months later, Ben submits his resignation and soon joins a startup organization, at a senior position. Which of the following best explains this situation? A) Ben felt the hike was unwarranted. B) Ben, though highly skilled, lacked ambition. C) Ben was motivated by the prospect of extrinsic rewards. D) Ben found his work to be routine and monotonous. E) Ben was gunning for a position at the competing firm all along

Carlos is upset because his boss gave him work to finish over the weekend. It is Friday. Which of the following is most likely to help Carlos lift his spirits? A) watching TV with his friends B) playing a video game at home C) attending a meeting D) going to a party with his friends E) attending a training session

Charles, Anna, Elle, and Adam are college friends and work in New York City. Comfortable living in New York occurs at about $40,000 a year. Charles makes $24,000 a year, Anna makes $30,000 a year, Elle makes $50,000 a year, and Adam makes $75,000 a year. Which of the following is most likely to be true with reference to correlation between pay and job satisfaction? A) Charles is more satisfied with his job in comparison with Anna. B) Anna is more satisfied with the job than Adam. C) Charles and Adam share identical levels of job satisfaction related to pay. D) Elle and Adam are most likely to have a similar level of job satisfaction. E) Charles and Anna have the same levels of job satisfaction in relation to their pay.

Dennis Galvan works as a campaigner at Green Earth, an environmental organization. Every month, his organization arranges a team outing where they indulge in football and other team-building activities. The human resource department ensures that there are regular interactions between employees through team dinners and cultural events. According to the information given in this case, which of the following is most likely to be the reason for Galvan's high level of satisfaction toward his job? A) salary packaging B) promotion and growth C) constructive dismissal D) social context E) profile of work

Differences in ________ indicate surface-level diversity. A) personality B) values C) style of work D) ethnicity E) attitudes

Employees are most likely to perceive their organization as supportive when ________. A) they experience a cognitive dissonance between their job attitude and behavior B) the affective component of the attitude is extremely strong C) there is a weak relationship between their attitude and behavior D) they have a voice in decisions E) they experience an emotional contagion while performing their job duties

Employees with positive core self-evaluations believe in their inner worth and basic competence and are more satisfied with their jobs than those with negative core self-evaluations. The concept of positive core self-evaluations indicates that ________. A) promotions and growth opportunities influence job satisfaction B) employees should be regularly monitored and provided feedback C) job conditions have a direct influence on job satisfaction D) personality plays a role in job satisfaction E) pay always has a direct correlation with job satisfaction

Jean Ervin works as a fund raising executive at a women rights organization in San Diego. Though she has been with the organization for only a year now, she has already been promoted and often gets excellent feedback from her manager. Her manager says that the key to Ervin's good performance is that she is happy with the work she does and she is excited about the challenges in tasks, which she takes up with a lot of enthusiasm. Which of the following mood dimensions is Ervin most likely to be feeling? A) low positive affect B) neutral affect C) low negative affect D) high positive affect E) high negative affect

Job dissatisfaction is more likely to translate into ________ when employees feel or perceive they have many available alternatives and when employees have high human capital. A) high productivity B) employee engagement C) increased customer satisfaction D) turnover E) organizational citizenship behavior

Kimberley Mayfield recently evaluated her subordinate's progress report. She now plans to inform her about the objectives she did not achieve and how she can perform better. By doing this, Mayfield will be demonstrating the ________ component of an attitude. A) cognitive B) affective C) reflective D) behavioral E) reactive

The ability to move the trunk and back muscles as far as possible is known as ________. A) static strength B) stamina C) trunk strength D) extent flexibility E) balance

The business head at Solaris Services was alarmed by the finding of a recent survey conducted in-house which revealed that most employees were dissatisfied with their work. He holds a meeting with various department heads to identify ways to stem the brewing discontent. One manager suggests providing employees with greater training opportunities. What assumption is the manager making? A) Employees feel that their efforts are not being adequately recognized by the management. B) Employees are highly skilled and value economic rewards over and above opportunities for growth. C) Employees are stifled by the degree of centralized control and bureaucracy within the organization. D) Employees feel that their employer does not value them enough to make investments in them. E) Employees feel excluded from organizational issues that have an influence on them.

The exit-voice-loyalty-neglect framework expands employee response to include voice and loyalty—constructive behaviors that allow individuals to ________. A) revolt against the management B) reject unionization and focus on team-building activities C) identify psychologically with their jobs D) tolerate unpleasant situations or revive satisfactory working conditions E) decrease emotional contagion

The most important thing a manager can do to raise employee satisfaction is to focus on ________. A) employee pay B) benefits C) work hours D) intrinsic parts of the job E) employee productivity

Wanda Elder works as a human resource executive. Being helpful is inherent in her nature, and she regularly interacts with employees, helping them understand their needs and easing difficulties. She reads emotional cues of people with ease and knows how to express her emotions without violating organizational norms. Which of the following is Elder characterized by? A) high cognitive dissonance B) low self-esteem C) high emotional dissonance D) high emotional intelligence E) low job satisfaction

Which of the following best describes the physical ability known as trunk strength? A) the ability to maintain equilibrium despite forces pulling off balance B) the ability to coordinate the simultaneous actions of different parts of the body C) the ability to expend a maximum of energy in one or a series of explosive acts D) the ability to exert muscular strength using the abdominal muscles E) the ability to move the trunk and back muscles as far as possible

Which of the following best represents deep-level similarity? A) colleagues who both hail from the same neighborhood in Alabama B) employees who are college graduates with a degree in business management C) employees who speak Spanish and share similar religious values D) employees who seek challenges in assignments and like to work collaboratively E) employees in their mid-thirties with 10 years' work experience in the publishing industry

Which of the following explains why the relationship between age and job performance is likely to be of increasing importance during the next decade? A) The workforce is shrinking, and older workers are compelled to work beyond retirement. B) A decline in immigration has opened up more entry-level positions for older workers. C) Increasing job opportunities are opening up in the domestic sector, resulting in a dearth of employees. D) U.S. legislation, in effect, outlaws mandatory retirement. E) A majority of people believe that productivity rises as a person grows older.

Which of the following is an argument used against emotional intelligence? A) It is not genetically influenced and thus is void of an underlying biological factor. B) It does not have the capacity to predict criteria that matter. C) It can be learned by experience. D) It cannot be measured easily and measures of EI are diverse. E) It is not closely related to intelligence and personality.

Which of the following is an example of an epicurean activity which helps increase a person's positive mood? A) attending a meeting B) playing video games C) going on a ski vacation D) eating a meal with friends E) watching a movie

Which of the following is most likely to be a characteristic of disengaged employees? A) They feel a deep connection for their organization. B) They have a sense of passion for their work. C) They have the lowest levels of turnover. D) They put in time but give no attention to their work. E) They proactively take up responsibilities.

Which of the following is true about emotions? A) They are experienced over several days or months. B) They are never caused by specific events. C) They are less intense than moods. D) They are critical to rational thinking. E) They are less fleeting than moods.

Which of the following is true with respect to biographical characteristics? A) They are non-objective in nature and cannot be observed. B) They represent characteristics such as personality and work ethics. C) They cannot be obtained from personnel records. D) They are representative of surface-level diversity. E) They comprise features such as motivation and commitment.

Which of the following is true with respect to surface-level diversity? A) It refers to psychographic characteristics of the members of a group. B) People with surface-level diversity will also share deep-level diversity. C) It indicates differences of values, emotions and personality traits between people. D) It refers to differences in easily perceived characteristics, such as gender and race. E) It represents a person's or group's thought processes and feelings.

Which of the following most likely indicates surface-level similarity? A) Tim and Jake are colleagues who take risks and are quick decision makers. B) The employees at GenSys prefer teamwork over individual assignments. C) Nina and Chuck are colleagues who share similar views on corporate social responsibility. D) Jane and Sara grew up in the same town and went to school together. E) Hannah and Nate are both introspective and tend to be slow to reach decisions.

Which of the following statements is most likely to be true about differences between men and women in relation to emotional reactions? A) Men are more emotionally expressive than women. B) Men experience emotions more intensely than women. C) Women express anger more frequently than men. D) Women tend to hold onto emotions longer than men. E) Men display positive emotions more frequently than women.

Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding cognitive dissonance? A) High dissonance is accompanied by high rewards. B) People are less inspired to reduce dissonance when it is within their control. C) People are less likely to reduce dissonance when the behavior is crucial. D) People are more motivated to reduce dissonance when attitudes are important. E) The desire to reduce dissonance is not affected by moods and emotions.

Which of the following statements is true regarding negotiation? A) Displaying a negative emotion at a negotiation can never be effective. B) Angry negotiators who have less power than opponents have better outcomes. C) Individuals who do poorly in a negotiation are more willing to be cooperative in future negotiations. D) Feeling bad about your performance during a negotiation tends to impair future negotiations. E) Individuals who do poorly in a negotiation develop positive perceptions of their counterpart.

Which of the following, if true, would weaken the argument that Sonia is experiencing cognitive dissonance? A) She believes that beauty is merely a superficial aspect of one's personality. B) She does not wear makeup as she is aware of the ingredients that go into making these products. C) She recently attended a presentation on the harmful effects of certain chemicals used in cosmetics. D) She believes that research and testing are an integral part of providing consumers with safe products. E) She feels that this field of work does not allow her to utilize her full potential.

Women being assigned marginal job roles that do not lead to promotion is an example of the ________ form of discrimination. A) hazing B) gaslighting C) coercion D) exclusion E) battery

________ are cognitive in nature, have an unclear, general cause, and last for several hours or days. A) Emotions B) Feelings C) Perceptions D) Moods E) Reactions

________ diversity refers to diversity with respect to attributes that are less easy to observe initially but that can be inferred after more direct experience. A) Surface-level B) Additive C) Demographic D) Deep-level E) Conjunctive

________ may be referred to as the capacity to undertake tasks that demand stamina, dexterity, and strength. A) Cognitive abilities B) Intellectual abilities C) Mental abilities D) Physical abilities E) Emotional intelligence

________ refers to a model which suggests that workplace events cause emotional reactions on the part of employees, which then influence workplace attitudes and behaviors. A) Ironic process theory B) Implicit personality theory C) Disengagement theory D) Affective events theory E) Construal level theory

) Irene Jones, a project manager at a water conservation foundation, is holding a team meeting to discuss the different modes of spreading awareness about the issue of water conservation to the public. A team member, John Sullivan, states that using broadcasting media is the best way to reach out to the public. On the other hand, Pamela Riley states that print media is the right medium to spread word about the issue. Jones is now weighing the pros and cons of both her team members' suggestions before choosing the medium which will be most appropriate for the water conservation project. Which of the following dimensions of intellectual ability is Jones most likely to be using to make her decision? A) number aptitude B) spatial visualization C) memory D) lateral masking E) deductive reasoning

A difference in ________ would indicate deep-level diversity. A) gender B) age C) ethnicity D) disability E) values

A research group in Arizona recently conducted a survey among workers of a coal power plant to understand emotions and their happiness quotient. Employees at the plant often complained about poor working conditions and low insurance benefits. However, the group was surprised with the findings of the survey because employees had a positive mood 70 percent of the time during work hours. Which of the following concepts would best explain such findings? A) butterfly effect B) framing effect C) anchoring bias D) distinction bias E) positivity offset

A satisfied workforce does not guarantee successful organizational performance. In order to improve organizational effectiveness, managers ________. A) must use 360-degrees appraisal procedures B) must provide classroom training C) must make jobs easier and targets achievable D) must offer periodic salary increments E) must try to improve employee attitudes

Alana Gore works as a campaign manager at a nonprofit organization in Manhattan. She was recently asked by her supervisor to give a presentation on the progress of the ongoing climate campaign. However, throughout the presentation, her colleague Kelly Simmons interrupts her by asking irrelevant questions. In addition, she tries to insult her by constantly criticizing key findings and objectives achieved. Though Gore initially tried to be patient, she eventually loses her cool and retorts back, asking her to keep her questions and clarifications for the end of the presentation. Which of the following is a reason why Gore's reaction can be categorized as an emotion instead of a mood? A) Its cause is general and ambiguous. B) It is not action-oriented. C) It incorporates both positive and negative dimensions of affect. D) It is less cognitive in nature than moods. E) It is caused by a specific event.

Ben Ervin often experiences emotions in a much stronger manner than most of his other colleagues. Events that do not provoke any significant emotional response from another person send him into fits of happiness, anger, or depression. In view of such a situation, Ervin is displaying a high level of ________. A) intelligence quotient B) sentience quotient C) intellectual giftedness D) butterfly effect E) affect intensity

Dawn Wang heads an ad agency in Texas and regularly needs to work with copywriters, artists, and designers to come up with effective branding solutions for products. For one of the company's esteemed clients, Wang and her team need to brainstorm ideas for a slogan for the client's new line of clothing. In such a situation, why is it particularly important for Wang to keep her team happy? A) People take a long time at processing information when they are in a good mood. B) People tend to weigh all options to make less likely decisions when in a good mood. C) People are less likely to use rules of thumb when they are in a good mood. D) People tend to make decisions quickly when they are in a good mood. E) People are more creative and produce more ideas when they are in a good mood

Gerard Yoder believes that every time he picks up his daughter, Penny, from school, it brings him good luck. The last time he picked her up from school, he won a lottery ticket. Today, after he received her from school, he reached his office and found out that he has been promoted. Which of the following concepts best describes Yoder's belief? A) affect intensity B) bandwagon effect C) illusory superiority D) positive bias E) illusory correlation

Green Earth, an environmental organization in Oklahoma, recently recruited Phyllis Galvan as a project coordinator. Galvan's manager has noticed that ever since she has joined, she has been extremely positive about her work and takes up challenges without complaining. In addition, she maintains a positive ambience by helping out colleagues and smiling at everyone she interacts with. Her behavior has had a positive effect on her colleagues, who have started behaving in a similar manner. Which of the following concepts is demonstrated in this example? A) emotional dissonance B) Ben Franklin effect C) unit bias D) anchoring effect E) emotional contagion

Jane Hastings recently joined her first job as a communication executive and is working on creating press releases for an upcoming campaign. The campaign is getting launched publicly in the next week and Hastings will need to interact with the media and give sound bites on the issue. This is the first time she will be interacting with the press and she is experiencing emotions of anxiousness, nervousness, and stress. Which of the following mood dimensions is she experiencing? A) low positive affect B) neutral affect C) low negative affect D) high positive affect E) high negative affect

Katherine Connor started her day with a cup of coffee while reading the newspaper. However, something about the day makes her feel low. When she reaches the office, she feels upset and distracted from work although she cannot pinpoint a reason for feeling this way. She continues to feel upset and distracted through the rest of the day. Which of the following is she most likely to be experiencing? A) a response B) a reaction C) a counteraction D) an attitude E) a mood

Negative affect is a mood dimension consisting of ________ at the low end. A) nervousness B) relaxation C) anxiety D) stress E) depression

Rachel Hartley is a former top management graduate student who now works as a project manager at a retail firm. However, in spite of her strong educational background, she often finds it difficult to manage her team efficiently. She is not able to understand her team's emotions when they feel frustrated with a work challenge or when they need appreciation for a job well done. Which of the following does Hartley suffer from? A) downing effect B) low emotional dissonance C) depressive realism D) low cognitive dissonance E) low emotional intelligence

Rashid is dissatisfied at work. He feels he is paid too little and asked to do too much. To compensate for his perceived unjust pay, he regularly takes work supplies, such as computer ink cartridges, staplers, and reams of paper, home for personal use. Rashid's behavior is an example of ________. A) employee OCB B) customer satisfaction C) high productivity D) turnover rate E) deviant behavior

Raylon Inc. needs to hire a new floor supervisor. As the company has recently made an effort to increase diversity within the organization, the HR team wants to hire a qualified female candidate for the role instead of adequately qualified male candidates. However, top management insists that optimal performance is the top priority and that the candidate hired should be the person best suited for the job. Which of the following, if true, would most strengthen HR's case for hiring the female candidate? A) There are nearly as many female employees on the floor as male employees. B) The company has recently introduced policies that provide greater benefits for working and single mothers. C) Most of the top-level managers in the company are female. D) The company policy stipulates that each employee has to work at least one week per month on a night shift. E) Both candidates have the qualifications required to perform up to expectations.

Steve Werner is unhappy with his job and takes every possible vacation and sick day to avoid going to work. In addition, whenever he goes to work, he shows up late and skips important meetings. Werner is expressing his dissatisfaction through the ________ response. A) exit B) voice C) loyalty D) acceptance E) neglect

Surface acting deals only with ________ emotions. A) negative B) weak C) cognitive D) strong E) displayed

The human resources department of Orbit Bank believes in being unbiased toward all employees and treating them fairly. They believe it is crucial that the company treat all their employees equally. However Susan Daniels, an employee at the bank, recently filed a lawsuit against the company, claiming that she was discriminated against. Which of the following, if true, best justifies Susan's action? A) The company did not give her preferential treatment even though she was from the host country. B) She was asked whether she was over eighteen during the first round in the interview process. C) Her colleagues expressed their dissatisfaction over their pay and severance packages. D) She had faced a similar situation of discrimination in her previous company. E) She was given the same incentives as her colleagues in spite of performing better than them.

The management at Climate Action Development needs to recruit campaign managers for its Renewable Energy Project. They are looking for candidates who are assertive, extroverted, and who can tackle challenges head-on. Which of the following deep-level characteristics should they focus on to best help them recruit the right candidate for the job? A) race B) age C) ethnicity D) values E) personality

The performance variables productivity, absenteeism, and turnover are generally considered a part of the ________ behaviors in the exit-voice-loyalty-neglect framework. A) voice and neglect B) neglect and loyalty C) voice and exit D) loyalty and voice E) exit and neglect

The physical ability that allows a body to maintain equilibrium despite opposing forces is known as ________. A) stamina B) extent flexibility C) static strength D) body coordination E) balance

Under which of the following conditions, if true, would the manager's suggestion most likely be accepted? A) The company recently acquired a new client and work volumes are expected to increase. B) The company halted its hiring plans for the year in order to focus on developing talent in-house. C) The company allows employees to exchange their unused leave for cash at the end of every year. D) The company promotes work-life balance, by offering employees flexible working arrangements. E) The company has a "use it or lose it" policy whereby unused leave lapses at the end of every year.

Which of the following does cognitive dissonance indicate between two or more attitudes or between behavior and attitudes? A) congruity B) tenacity C) solidarity D) consistency E) incompatibility

Which of the following is most likely to be experienced during a positivity offset? A) nervousness B) depression C) stress D) anxiety E) relaxation

Which of the following questions best helps understand an employee's organizational commitment? A) Do you feel you have a good working relationship with team members? B) Do you feel the organization will take care of you and your family in times of need? C) Do you enjoy your work even in the face of challenges? D) Does the organization provide valuable feedback to help you increase productivity? E) Do you believe in the organization's objective on sustainable work practices?

Which of the following questions best helps understand the degree of perceived organizational support among employees? A) Do you believe that employee engagement has a large impact on productivity? B) Do you believe there is sufficient employee engagement in your department? C) Do your beliefs align with the organization's vision and long-term goals? D) Do you feel the long-term goals on sustainable work practices are workable? E) Do you feel the organization has sufficient recognition rewards to value good work?

Which of the following statements is most likely to be true regarding moods? A) Moods are always brought about by a specific event. B) Moods last for a very short period of time, such as a few seconds. C) As compared to emotions, moods are more likely to be clearly revealed by facial expressions. D) Moods are more fleeting than emotions. E) Moods are cognitive in nature.

Which of the following statements is true regarding the effects of moods and emotions on decision making? A) Moods and emotions have no direct influence on decision making. B) People in good moods are less likely than others to use heuristics to make decisions. C) Positive emotions tend to diminish problem-solving skills and analytical skills. D) People with positive emotions are slower at processing information than depressed people. E) Depressed people tend to weigh all possible options rather than the most likely ones.

Which of the following statements represents the cognitive component of attitude? A) I have decided to inform my supervisor that I will be quitting my job. B) I intend to work during the weekend to meet the month's deadline. C) I feel upset about having to work during Christmas. D) It is disappointing to know that I did not get a good evaluation. E) This job is not giving me an opportunity to explore my skills.

Which of the following terms best describes an intense feeling directed at someone or something? A) perception B) cognition C) mood D) reasoning E) emotion

With reference to cognitive dissonance, in which of the following situations is the attitude-behavior relationship most likely to be strong? A) The affective component of the attitude is weak. B) The behavior is not affected by the cognitive component of the attitude. C) The attitude does not reflect the person's fundamental values. D) The behavior is affected by external factors and is not entirely under the control of the person. E) The attitude refers to something with which the person has direct experience.

________ differences between people represent deep-level diversity. A) Race B) Age C) Ethnicity D) Gender E) Personality

________ refers to the tendency of people to associate two events when in reality there is no connection. A) Affect intensity B) Focusing effect C) Distinction bias D) Omission bias E) Illusory correlation

T/F ) Religious discrimination claims have been a shrinking source of discrimination claims in the United States.

T/F A person suffering from alcoholism is not classified as disabled according to the U.S. Equal Employment Opportunity Commission, as alcoholism is self-induced.

T/F According to the Americans with Disabilities Act, employers are under no obligation to make accommodations for individuals with physical or mental disabilities.

T/F Actively and constructively attempting to improve conditions is part of the loyalty response to dissatisfaction.

T/F Asking employees how they feel about key elements in a job and then adding the results to create an overall job satisfaction score is the single global rating approach to job satisfaction.

T/F Diversity management refers to being unbiased by overlooking the differences between individuals in an organization.

T/F Federal law in the United States prohibits discrimination against employees based on sexual orientation.

T/F If there is an inconsistency between an individual's attitude on a specific issue and his/her behavior, there are only two courses of action available—alter the attitude or alter the behavior.

T/F Individuals will be more motivated to reduce dissonance when they believe the dissonance is due to something they cannot control.

T/F Job involvement measures the degree to which people identify psychologically with the organization's mission and vision.

T/F Memory is not a component of intelligence and is considered as a separate faculty.

T/F Older people are more likely to quit and change jobs than younger employees

T/F Perceptual speed is the ability to imagine how an object would look if its position in space were changed.

T/F Recent U.S. legislation has instituted mandatory retirement at 70 in order to ensure that jobs are available for younger workers.

T/F Studies show that satisfaction tends to continually increase among nonprofessionals as they age, whereas it falls among professionals during middle age and then rises again in the later years.

T/F Targeting recruiting messages to specific demographic groups underrepresented in the workforce is an example of unfair discrimination.

T/F The U.S. Bureau of the Census does not allow for classification of individuals by race.

T/F The cognitive component of an attitude describes an intention to behave in a certain way toward someone or something.

T/F The intent to act in a certain way is the affective component of an attitude.

T/F The less complex a job in terms of information-processing demands, the more general intelligence and verbal abilities are necessary to perform successfully.

T/F The single global rating approach to measuring job satisfaction is more sophisticated than the summation of job facets approach.

T/F There has been a significant decrease in the female participation in the workforce over the past 40 years.

T/F There is a strong correlation between intelligence and job satisfaction.

T/F Unfair discrimination involves noticing and being aware of individual characteristics among people in a group.

T/F Demographics mostly reflect deep-level rather than surface-level diversity

FALSE

T/F Two colleagues who bond over similarities of growing up in a French-speaking locality can be said to have deep-level similarities rather than surface-level similarities

FALSE

T/F ) Job satisfaction describes a positive feeling about a job, resulting from an evaluation of its characteristics.

T/F A diversity program effective in improving representation in management is a strategy to measure the representation of minorities in managerial positions.

T/F A method of enhancing workforce diversity is to target recruiting messages to specific demographic groups who are underrepresented in the workforce.

T/F According to Festinger, people seek consistency between their attitudes and their behaviors.

T/F An individual's involvement with, satisfaction with, and enthusiasm for the work he or she does is known as employee engagement

T/F Attitudes are favorable or unfavorable evaluative statements about objects, people, or events.

T/F Cognitive dissonance explains the linkage between attitudes and behavior

T/F Denying overseas assignments to certain deserving employees over others is a form of exclusion, a kind of workplace discrimination.

T/F Discrepancies between attitudes and behavior tend to occur when social pressures to behave in certain ways hold exceptional power, as in most organizations.

T/F Disengaged employees have a tendency to invest time but not energy or attention into their work.

T/F Effective diversity management involves eliminating unfair discrimination

T/F Employees' beliefs in the degree to which they influence their work environment, their competence, the meaningfulness of their jobs, and their perceived autonomy is known as psychological empowerment

T/F Hispanics can be of any race.

T/F Improving recruiting practices and making selection systems more transparent are ways of preventing target groups from being underutilized.

T/F In general, older employees have lower rates of avoidable absence than do younger employees. However, they have equal rates of unavoidable absence, such as sickness absences.

T/F Inductive reasoning is the ability to identify a logical sequence in a problem and then solve the problem.

T/F No individual can completely avoid dissonance.

T/F Physical abilities may be defined as the capacity to do tasks that demand stamina, dexterity, strength, and similar characteristics.

T/F Rewards can offset dissonance.

T/F The affective component of attitude is the emotional, or feeling, segment of an attitude.

T/F The relationship between pay and job satisfaction virtually disappears when one earns a pay package sufficient for or more than the comfortable living amount.

T/F The structures and measures of intellectual abilities generalize across cultures.

T/F The three components of an attitude are cognition, affect, and behavior.

T/F Voice" is an active and constructive response to dissatisfaction.

T/F Women being passed over for promotion even when they are performing better than men is an example of a discriminatory practice.

T/F Differences in easily perceived characteristics, such as gender, race, ethnicity, age, and disability, give rise to surface-level diversity.

TRUE

T/F Over the past 50 years, the earnings gap between whites and other racial and ethnic groups has decreased significantly

TRUE

Explain the play of surface-level similarity and deep-level diversity in a workplace environment with the help of an example.

Yoko and Kishi who work in a finance firm both hail from Miyagi. They speak Japanese fluently and easily bonded over their shared culture and love for karaoke. Such similarities refer to surface-level similarities. However, a few months later, when they had to work on an account together, they faced several disagreements due to differences in their work styles and personalities. Yoko was more impulsive and liked to make quick decisions. On the other hand, Kishi liked to deliberate over decisions and implementation processes. In addition, Yoko was optimistic about situations whereas Kishi was overly critical and skeptical about most processes. These fundamental differences in beliefs and thought processes resulted in clashes between them. Such differences represent deep-level diversity.

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