WILLIAM HOWARD TAFT
The Payne Aldrich Tariff
Signed by Taft in March of 1909 in contrast to campaign promises. Was supposed to lower tariff rates but Senator Nelson N. Aldrich of Rhode Island put revisions that raised tariffs. This split the Repulican party into progressives (lower tariff) and conservatives (high tariff).
Who was the "Trust Buster"?
Taft
Who wins the Presidential Election
Taft
Underwood Tariff of 1913 i.Replaced the Payne-Aldrich Tariff.Reduced tariff rate from 37% to 27% iii. Placed items such as iron, steel, and raw wool on the non-taxed list iv. Allowed for a federal income tax (as established on the 16th of 1909)
Tariff Reform
16th Amendment (1913)- provided for a federal income tax What group originally pushed for this? Why?
The popuilst. To tax the rich and lower the tariffs.
Who wanted the 17th ammendment
The populist
What are some of the problems with fire safety at the Triangle Shirtwaist factory?
They chained the doors and no fire escapes
Republican Nominee
William H Taft
Roosevelt's hand-picked successor (Progressive!)
William H Taft
Ran for president in 1896 with support of Populists
William Jennings Bryan
What is happening to the value of the dollar over time?
declines
Keating-Owen Act of 1916
i. Child Labor Law that barred the shipment of goods manufactured by children under 14 ii. Supreme Court struck down this law in Hammer v. Dagenhart (1918) iii. Congress responded with Child Labor Act of 1919, which placed a 10% tax on the profits of companies employing children
Adamson Act of 1916
i. Railroad strike threatened to paralyze the nation's rails and Wilson's attempts at arbitration failedii. Congress passed this act, Reducing RR worker hours from 10 to 8
Federal Trade Commission 1914)
i. allowed small businesses to better compete with big businesses ii. The FTC will enforce the Clayton Act iii. Powers were limited by the Supreme Court
16th Amendment (1913)
provided for a federal income tax
Seventeenth Amendment (1913)
provided for the direct election of senators
The 19th Amendment was ...
ratified in 1920, giving women The right to vote
Sufferagettes
women who fought for the right to vote
Who were the Sufferagettes led by
Alice Paul and Carrie Chapman Catt
a. Clayton Antitrust Act of 1914 - placed more limits on the power of monopolies to promote small businesses i. Large companies could NOT: a. Sell goods below cost to drive out competitors b. Buy competing companies' stock to create a monopoly ii. Legalized tools of collective bargaining such as: Peaceful Strikes,
Business/Labor Reform
Eighteenth Amendment (1919)
Called for Prohibition: The outlawing of the sale purchase, or consumption of alcohol
W.E.B. DuBois
Co-founded the NAACP to help secure legal equality for minority citizens.
Taft promoted environmental conservation by adding to the nation's forest reserves.2. Ballringer-Pinchot affaira. Taft fired Gifford Pinchot, the head of the forestry division in the Dept of Agriculture, for insubordination (had opposed Sec of the Interior Ballinger's decision to sell public wilderness lands in Alaska and the Rocky Mountains to corporate developers.b. Taft refused to rehire Pinchot even after Teddy Roosevelt and other Republicans appealed on his behalf.c. This conflict blackened Taft's public image and earned him many enemies
Conservation of Resources
What Happend to the Keating-Owen Act of 1916
It was declared unconstitutional
Taft Favored what kind of tarrif
Low
When was the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
March 25, 1911
Inflation
a general increase in prices and fall in the purchasing value of money.
What do you know about most of the victims of the Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire?
1.Young Immigrant Girls 2. Almost 150 garment workers died 3. Led to greater push for workplace safety
Triangle Shirtwaist Factory Fire
(1911) 146 women killed while locked into the burning building (brought attention to poor working conditions)
What were some ways that federal power expanded under Teddy Roosevelt?
1) Break up Monopolies 2) Consumer Protection 3) Protect the Environment
What did Taft do as a Trust Buster
1. Filed 90 antitrust lawsuits a. Most significant victory was the dismantling of both the American Tobacco Company and the Standard Oil Company in 1911. 2. Passed the Mann Elkins Act in 1910 a. reinforced the power of the Interstate Commerce Commission to set a maximum haul rate for railroads b. Banned practice of charging more for short hauls than for long hauls c. placed the telephone and telegraph industries under the regulation of the ICC 3. Department of Labor created to enforce labor laws a. Passed mine safety laws and established 8-hour workday for all federal employees
Tariff, Banking and Monetary, Business And Labor
3 Areas of Reform for New Freedom
a. Federal Reserve Act of 1913- created the modern federal reserve system i. Established a 3-tiered banking system a. Federal Reserve Board of Governors- appointed by the president and in charge of running the system b. Regional reserve banks - (12) serve as the bankers' banks and not for public use
Banking Reform
Head of the American Railway Union (remember Pullman Strike!)
Eugene V. Debs
Who was the Socialist Nominee
Eugene V. Debs
What does this cartoon tell us about Taft compared to Roosevelt?
Hes not as progressive as TR
Which group is going to be angry with Taft over this?
The progressives. Because he is not standing up to big business.
1. Noted African American civil rights advocate 2. Made significant contributions to debates about race -- primarily through his writing and impassioned speeches. 3. One of the founders of the NAACP
W.E.B. DuBois
who was the founder of the Niagara Movement, an African American protest group of scholars and professionals
W.E.B. DuBois
Democrat Nominee
Williams Jenning bryan