Women in Latin America Exam

All indigenous societies used the exchange of women to signal the [a] of the conquerer and the [b] of the conquered.

supremacy, vassalage

In general, any woman who worked outside the control of male kin was viewed with

suspicion

Which of the following jobs were always done by men in colonial Latin America?

tailoring

Which of the following is not true about women of color once they were free?

they could rest assured that they would be safe from enslavement for the rest of their lives

Where did most enslaved people in colonial Latin America come from?

they were shipped from Africa

The most highly prized wet nurses (those who nursed other women's babies) were

those who claimed to be of Spanish extraction

Which of the following was the most common way that slaves got their freedom in colonial Latin America?

through self-purchase

Throughout colonial Latin America male slaves were more likely than female slaves to gain manumission.

False

Increasingly, newspaper articles counseled men to avoid wives who would bring them _______________ ruin.

Financial

What happened to unwanted children, according to our author? (two of the answers are correct)

Many unwanted children were simply abandoned, They went to foundling hospitals where only about ten percent survived

Which of the following is not true about Aztec marriages for women?

Most Aztec women had more than one husband.

Which of the following statements about women's education are true? Three of the following are correct.

Orphanages began to take in elite students, who paid for the privilege of separate education. All girls in the schools were educated together, regardless of social status. Schools increasingly took an interest in educating the daughters of the elite and even those less wealthy.Schools increasingly took an interest in educating the daughters of the elite and those less wealthy, as long as they were legitimate and of pure Spanish blood. Wealthy and poor or orphan girls were educated separately

What is repartimiento?

Repartimiento is a form of labor tribute.

Which of the following statements is true about dowries?

They tell us about elite consumption patterns.

Enslaved women used the legal system to press for their rights.

True

For the majority of colonial peoples there was no advantage in taking the sacrament of marriage.

True

In the late 1700s, the jurisdiction over marriage was moved from ecclesiastical to civil courts.

True

One profound change made by the conquest was the impostiion of Spanish laws governing property, inheritance, gender, family, and kin.

True

Parents had to decide if being a bride or a nun was a better way to protect the family's assets.

True

The purpose of female circumcision in African societies was to ensure that a woman would remain faithful to her husband.

True

Those Indian women who continued to live in rural communities eventually benefitted from Spanish law, chiefly laws that allowed women to inherit property from male kin.

True

Which of the following were the most famous religous women during this time?

Virgins of the Sun

Migration to the cities of colonial Latin America produced [a] [b] for some Indian women.

economic, opportunities

For the elite of colonial Latin America, marriage was part of a strategy employed in cementing [a] [b] and furthering [c] and kin interests.

family, alliances, family

Which three of the following answers are true about the end of the Enlightenment period in Latin America.

fewer women joined convents, a few women fought in wars for independence wars of independence generally failed in Latin America, the political and economic deterioration of the early nineteenth century led to wars for independence

Female [a] venders and [b] women were found in every city in colonial Latin America, and women owned smail [c] businesses such as [d] shops, green groceries, and [e] stores.

food, Market, retail, food, general

Some men granted their wives [a] [b] of [c] to allow them to continue the husband's economic activities, collect debts, hire accountants, buy, sell and rent property, including slaves, file lawsuits, and engage in a variety of legal transactions.

general, power, attorney

Gender tended to be [a] when it came to punishing disobedient or rebellious slaves. Women received the same harsh [b] [c] as men.

ignored, physical, punishment

Our author found evidence of women of the higher classes working in which of the following arenas (three of the answers are correct)?

importing and exporting various goods weaving articles for others. managing rental property through male surrogates sending their slaves out to work

Indian women who migrated to urban areas learned the European's [a] and his ways and served as [b] [c]between the conquerers and the conquered.

language, cultural, interpreters

In colonial Latin America marriage was closely tied to [a] for children and marks of [b].

legitimacy, status

In addition to the articles of [a] used by a small group of women, women of all social classes and racial groups wore [b] jewelry.

luxe, religious

What was the most serious task confronting women?

motherhood

People came to believe that educating women would make them better [a] and [b], thus indirectly helping to improve society by tapping [c] [d].

mothers, wives, feminine, potential

Which of the following is not true about slave marriages?

owners liked their slaves married because they were less likely to run away

Marriage gave a husband the power of [a] authority, including the right to [b] and [c] his wife as long as he was not arbitrary or excessive.

patriarchal, discipline,punish

Indigenous rulers thus used women to forge _____________________ relations through marriage, but they usually did not grant any leadership roles to these women.

political

Which of the following were most likely to engage in weaving or handwork?

poor but virtuous women and nuns

For women of which of the following groups did marriage practices fluctuate with local conditions the most? (three of the following answers are the most correct)

poor women, castas, mulatas, and mestizas, African women

Although there were some exceptions, women's work did not usually make them [a] or [b] nor was it a means of [c] ascension.

prosperous, independent, social

What does the author posit caused the most dramatic of the changes produced by European conquest?

religion

What was one of the principal attractions for women working in tobacco factories, according to our author?

rolling cigarettes required few skills

A woman who did failed to fulfil the Hispanic social code, which called for women to be pure and sexually beyond reproach, publicly discreet, and timid in their behavior, was _____________, according to our author.

shameless

What percentage of widows remarried?

10

Which of the following is not true about women in indigenous societies before Iberian conquest?

A wife was considered her husband's soul mate; he would often turn to her for advice and decision making.

Which of the following legal ways would a husband use to control an unruly wife?

All of the listed answers.

When did mestizo peope, those of mixed race, become less acceptable in Spanish society?

As the years of conquest gave away to a more settled society.

Why did indigneous people hide women from the Spanish men after conquest?

Because Spanish men turned to native women for sexual pleasure; they accosted, abused, beat, and raped indigenous women.

The racial background of women in domestic service remained remarkably stable by region and over time.

False

What is the best explanation for the desire for improving women's education in colonial era Latin America?

Enlightenment thought and a desire to improve the economic potential of the colonies

Among the Mayas, women inherited and owned the land

False

Because of racism, no one wanted enslaved women to nurse their infants.

False

Because of the influence of Spain and Islam, elite women lived in almost total isolation once they took their wedding vows.

False

Even the activities of peasant women in rural areas were an extension of traditional female roles.

False

Female slaves on plantations were far more likely to be found in highly skilled positions than their male counterparts.

False

Historians have long considered the role of women in the Americas or Africa before these peoples were subjected to Iberian control.

False

In nearly all of the cultures under examination here -- American indigenous, African, and Iberian -- women's labor was socially valued, rewarded, and considered to be important to the proper function of that society.

False

Increased education for women meant more women were welcomed into the public marketplace.

False

Indian women's acceptance of their assimiliation into Spanish or Portuguese language, culture, and behaviors was remarkably similar across time, class, and region.

False

Marriages between cousins was never allowed.

False

Most women expected to grow old with their husbands.

False

Most women in colonial Latin America were probably happy with their parents' choice of marriage partner for them.

False

Select the three statements from the following list that are true about Fransisca Pizarro.

She inherited an enormous fortune from her father. She married twice, once to her paternal uncle and once to her daughter-in-law's brother. She was the illegitimate mestiza daughter of Francisco Pizzaro and Inez Yupanqui.

How did the Church usually punish concubinage?

The man was fined, and the woman sent to prison for a short while.

__________________ seems to have been widely used by poor and slave women who chose not to bear children into poverty and enslavement.

abortion

In the early nineteenth century, because of disastrous political, economic, and military policies, the Spanish government found itself [a], and increasingly turned to its American colonies for [b] [c].

bankrupt, emergency, funds

In some cases, sexual liaisons with white men could [a] slave women, for they could use their [b] to improve their day-to-day [c] and eventually to gain [d].

benefit, position, treatment, manumission

Which of the following was the most common public activity work for elite women?

church-sponsored charity work

Which four of the following answers influenced single motherhood, according to our text?

urban or rural living lower social status if a woman's mother was single if there was a surplus of women urban or rural living lower social status if a woman's mother was single if the woman was unattractive if there was a surplus of women if a woman's father was single if the woman was attractive

In general, women were better able to survive as heads of household in [a], more [b] regions.

wealthier, settled