Womens Health

What is the PPACA ? (Patient Protection Affordable Care Act)

AKA Obama Care provisions that required most individuals to secure health insurance or pay fines, made coverage easier and less costly to obtain, cracked down on abusive insurance practices, and attempted to rein in rising costs of health care.

When does cigarette smoking usually begin in life?

Adolescence

How often are STI screenings advised for adolescents?

Annual STI screening for sexually active.

What type of injuries are of special concern for people suffering from osteoporosis?

Any Fall related injuries are a special concern because there bones are a lot more brittle

What is menopause?

As they reach midlife, women experience menopause, the end of their menstrual cycles.

What year did the Women's Health Movement Begin

Began in the 1830s and 1840s2

What was the women's health movement?

Began when small groups of women began advocating taking an active role in preventing disease and staying healthy rather than relying on formally trained physicians for treatment

What is SCHIP? (State Children's Health Insurance Program)

Covers low-income children whose parents do not qualify for Medicaid yet are unable to afford private health insurance

What is managed care and why was it introduced?

Decreased access to care Higher Co-payments PPO's Prefered, POS HMO, HDHP, HSA

What is health promotion?

Efforts to actively bring people to good health or keep them there and prevent disease.

Elizabeth Blackwell

First woman to receive a medical degree in the U.S.

List 5 diseases/conditions that affect women more than men

Heart Attack, Depression, Osteoporosis, Autoimmune Diseases, and Smoking and STI's

What is the leading cause of death for women in the United States?

Heart Disease

What is the main objective of the Family and Medical Leave Act?

Introduced in 1993, Gives employees unpaid medical leave for themselves or for the care of a family member or a newborn or adopted infant. In 1994, the Violence Against Women Act mandated a unified judicial response to sexual crimes committed against women.

What did the NIH Revitalization Act do for women's health?

It required that women and minorities be included as subjects in all human research funded by NIH.

Which age group does depression usually affect?

Middle Age

What is a third-party healthcare system?

Most individuals do not pay directly instead they pay a premium, which is offered

Did the women's health movement embrace and advocate for women of all races and economic backgrounds from the start?

No it was only focused on middle to high class women.

What are the environmental factors that are contributing to child and adolescent obesity and overweight?

Sugary drinks and unhealthful foods on school campuses Reduced access to healthful, affordable foods Fewer safe, appealing places to play and be active

What is Feminism?

The idea that women should have the same political, economic, and social rights and opportunities as men.

What is the NIH? National Institute of Health

The world's premier medical research organization, NIH supports more than 35,000 research projects nationwide studying diseases such as cancer, Alzheimer's disease, diabetes, arthritis, cardiovascular disease, and AIDS.

Why were women excluded from clinical studies?

They assumed that women were essentially small men—identical in all respects except for their reproductive physiology

What are the largest behavior-related causes of death in the United States?

Underweight Unsafe sex High blood pressure Tobacco consumption Alcohol Unsafe water, sanitation Iron deficiency high- cholesterol obesity

During World War II, many women entered the U.S. workforce. What happened to most of these women at the end of the war when men returned home?

When the war ended, women were pressured to leave their jobs and return to being homemakers.

What is osteoporosis?

a medical condition in which the bones become brittle and fragile from loss of tissue, typically as a result of hormonal changes, or deficiency of calcium or vitamin D.

Secondary prevention also includes

also includes the use of medications and lifestyle behaviors to control chronic diseases that cannot be prevented.

What are generic drugs?

are the chemical equivalents of brand-name drugs, but are far less expensive; they become available when the patent protecting the manufacturer's exclusive ability to market the drug expires, enabling greater competition in the marketplace

What are the main arguments for and against a universal health system?

argue that health care is a right, not a privilege, and should therefore be available to all citizens. s an overly costly approach and prefer that the private sector manages and funds health care through a free-market approach.

What is the ORWH? (Office of Research on Women's Health)

ensures women's participation in clinical trials, strengthens research on diseases affecting women, and promotes the career advancement of women in science.

Who was Elizabeth Blackwell and what'd she do?

entered medical school in 1847 and prompted the opening of several medical schools for women

What is the 19th Amendment?

guaranteed women the right to vote

What type of health insurance do most industrialized countries have?

have a system of universal health insurance, or insurance provided by the government, financed through taxes, and offered to every individual.

How did the PPACA increase access to health insurance?

includes a patient's bill of rights, increases cost-free preventive services, and reduces brand-name drug prices for people with Medicare

What is primary prevention?

involves reducing exposure to a risk factor that may lead to disease or injury. Primary preventive measures include healthful diet, regular physical activity, cessation of smoking, and safe sexual practices.

What did Dorothea Dix do?

led a national effort to organize a nursing corps to care for the war's wounded and sick.

Which behaviors are good for all stages of life?

never smoking, eating a prudent diet, and exercising

What is the CDC? Center for Disease Control

provides health surveillance to monitor and prevent disease outbreaks, implement disease prevention strategies, and maintain national health statistics.

What is secondary prevention?

refers to the early detection and prompt treatment of the disease

Secondary prevention includes

screening tools such as mammography and cervical cancer screening tests that detect disease before it spreads, thereby preventing further complications or disease progression.

What is tertiary prevention?

takes place once a disease has advanced, involves alleviating pain, providing comfort, halting the progression of an illness, and limiting disability that may result from disease. It consists of rehabilitation in situations where a person can work on restoring certain functions, such as those lost after suffering a stroke.

What is epidemiology?

the study of patterns of disease in the population.

After age 15, how common is depression in girls/women versus boys/men?

twice as common

Who was Dorothea Dix

was an American activist on behalf of the indigent mentally ill who, through a vigorous program of lobbying state legislatures and the United States Congress, created the first generation of American mental asylums. During the Civil War, she served as a Superintendent of Army Nurses.

What is covered without co-pay under the PPACA?

women do not have to pay copays for core preventive care like mammograms, vaccinations, and cervical cancer screening. The list of preventive services covered without cost sharing includes: Well-women visits Gestational diabetes screening Human papillomavirus (HPV) testing Counseling for sexually transmitted diseases HIV testing and counseling Contraceptive methods and counseling Breastfeeding support, supplies, and counseling Domestic violence screening and counseling

What type of health services should senior women receive?

women living in their senior years may wish to consider lifestyle changes, such as making safety arrangements to reduce the danger of falling, thus reducing their risks of accidents while maintaining their independence. Getting a flu vaccination and paying close attention to colds and minor illnesses can help keep a woman safe from pneumonia and influenza

What year did the FDA approve the birth control pill?

1960

What was Title IX?

1972, legislation known as Title IX forced schools to provide equal funding for men and women in athletic programs.

As of 2012, how many women were in the U.S. Senate?

20

When was the PPACA passed?

2010

What is the general recommendation for when Pap tests should start?

3 years after onset of sexual activity or by age 21.

How many deaths does cigarette smoking cause in the U.S. every year?

480,000 deaths per year in the United States