Workbook chapter 50 ex 4 second n third tri.

Oval

E head shape should be _____ not round, because this can lead to overestimation of gestation age, just as a flatted or compressed head can lead to underestimation of gestational age

3,1.8

Growth of the fetal skull slows from ___ mm per week in the second trimester to ___mm per week in the third trimester

Abdomen

Humerus length is sometimes more difficult to measure than femur length because the humerus usually is found very close to the fetal ______ but can exhibit a wide range of motion

Biparietal, Head, abdominal, femur

In the second trimester, the gestational age parameters extend to the _______ diameter, ______ circumference, _______ circumference , and ______ length

Falx, cavum septi pellucidum, choroid plexus

Intracranial landmarks should include the ____ anteriorly and posteriorly, the ________ anteriorly in the midline, and the ______ choroid plexus in the atrium of each lateral ventricle

Distal femoral point

Often an echo from the near side of the cartilaginous distal femoral condyles will be seen called _____ this should not be included in the measure of the diaphysis

Underestimate overestimate

One can ______ gestational age from a dolichocephalic head or ________ With brachycephaly

Growth parameter

The AC is very useful in monitoring normal fetal growth and detecting fetal growth disturbance such as intrauterine growth restrictions (IUGR) and marcosomia, however , it is more useful as a __________ than in predicting gestational age

Femur

The _____ length is an especially useful parameter that can be used to date a pregnancy when a fetal head cannot be measured because of position or when there is a fetal anomaly

Transverse

The _______ head circumference is less effected than the bpd be head compression, therefore the HC is a valuable tool in assessing gestational age

Circular

The abdomen should be more _____ than oval because an oval shape indicates an oblique cut resulting in false estimation of size

Thalamus , cavum septi pellucidum

The bpd should be measured perpendicular to the fetal skull at the level of the ______ and _________

Leading, leading

The calipers should be placed _____ edge of the parietal bone to the ______ edge of the opposite parietal bone or outer edge to inner edge

Liver umbilical

The fetal abdomen should be measured in a transverse plane at the level of the ______ where the _______ vein branches into the portal sinus

Axial

The fetal head should be imaged in a transverse _____section, ideally with the fetus in a direct occiput transverse position

Perpendicular

The proper coronal view should be ________ to the standard transverse HC view passing through the thalamus.

1

The reproducibility of the bpd is +_ ____ mm (+- 2 standard deviations )

Femur

The tibia and fibula can be measured by first identifying the ____ then following it down to the two parallel Bones can be identified

Elbow

The ulna can be distinguished from the radius because it penetrates much more deeply in the _______