world civ final

The Treaty of ______ between the Chinese and the British in 1842 marked the first of the century's "unequal treaties" that would be imposed throughout east Asia by European powers.

Nanjing

As Mughal power was sapped by the revolts of the Marathas and others in the eighteenth century, the armed forces of the ___________ became important players in regional politics.

European trading companies

An anti-Qing and anti-foreign group calling itself the Society of the _________ Fists was referred to as "Boxers" by the foreign community in China

Harmonious

Following the assassination of Alexander II in 1881:

The movement toward liberalization floundered and the new tsars reverted to the tradition of tight, autocratic political control.

Choose the correct chronological order for the events below:

The reign of Catherine II of Russia; the Tanzimat reforms in the Ottoman Empire; Emancipation of Russian serfs; Young Turks rise to power.

Kemal "Atatürk" introduced all of the following measures to Turkey except:

The removal of Anatolian farmers into urban factories and schools.

The factors that made Britain especially suitable for launching the industrial movement included all of the following except:

The scientific knowledge and interests of a succession of kings.

During the period between 1774 and 1808, the Ottoman empire suffered humiliations in all of the following ways EXCEPT:

They were defeated by the British in the Opium War.

The purpose of the "Fortunate Edict" of 1856 was:

To clarify questions of equality among subjects.

To overcome its humiliation in East Africa, Italy tried its hand at imperialism again in 1911 against

Tripolitania.

The original founders of the Non-Aligned Movement of Nations included all of the following except:

Turkey

In the fall of 1953, Nikita Khrushchev, who was a metalworker from the Russian-_________ border, was chosen to succeed Stalin.

Ukrainian

Jesuit priests like Matteo Ricci and Ferdinand Verbiest:

Used their expertise in the New Sciences to advise the imperial court.

The Popes found Jesuit practices in China like ___________ problematic.

Using tea and rice for the Eucharist instead of bread and wine

Charles Goodyear invented a process in 1839 that produced _________ rubber.

Vulcanized.

In response to the creation of the North Atlantic Treaty Organization (NATO), the Soviet Union formed the ______ Pact in 1955.

Warsaw

Irena Sendler smuggled some 2500 Jewish children out of __________ before being arrested and tortured in 1943.

Warsaw

Dr. Martin Luther King, Jr., delivered his famous "I Have a Dream" speech in ________ in August 1963.

Washington, D.C.

In the early 1700s, the Ottomans instituted the following reforms, EXCEPT:

Went on a "gold standard" to stimulate trust in their paper money.

In recent decades, speculative instruments called "derivatives":

Were complex bets on the future prices of stocks, bonds, or anything else traded on the world market.

Once Saad Zaghlul and his Wafd party assumed control of Egypt in 1924, they:

Were uninterested in industrial development, leaving Egypt entirely dependent on agricultural production and exports.

The Nigerian government has, in recent years, proved incompetent against the rapidly expanding Islamist movement Boko Haram, which means "________".

Western education is sin

The original goal of the National Congress when it convened in 1885 was to:

Win greater autonomy for India within the structure of the British Empire.

In March 2003, President George W. Bush ordered a preemptive invasion of Iraq:

Without the backing of the UN Security Council.

The Louisiana Purchase took place ___________ the Haitian Revolution.

during

Austria's Prime Minister Prince Klemens von Metternich, an opponent of constitutional nationalism, in an effort to reinstitute the right of kings and emperors to rule by divine grace, persuaded the Congress of Vienna to formulate two new principles: _________.

legitimacy and balance of power

Although affirming the concept that the equality of all "men" was "self-evident," the Declaration of Independence tacitly excluded the _________ of all Americans who were Black slaves and the roughly half who were women, as well as Native Americans.

one-fifth

The global recession began in 2008 with a(n):

"Toxic" mortgage crisis that snowballed into a general credit crisis.

China's "one-child" policy has likely contributed to its current demographic situation, with ______ male children born for every 100 females.

117

In 1833, the Factory Act set a minimum age of 9 for child employees and limited the workday to _____ hours for children between the ages of 13 and 18.

12.

The most extreme example of a nation going against the grain of the twenty-first century, North Korea forces adults to subsist on ____ calories daily, as compared to 2000-2500 among Europeans.

1500

After the British prohibited slavery in _______, Ashante merchants in West Africa switched to providing commodities that were in great demand in industrializing Britain.

1807

The speed and efficiency of telegraphic communication was vastly augmented with Alexander Graham Bell's invention of the telephone in ________.

1876.

At no time except the period of independence (in the 19th century) were there more coups, attempted coups, and uprisings in Latin America than during _____________.

1930-1933

Although Egypt was granted internal independence in 1922, it remained in a semicolonial relationship with Britain until ________.

1956.

The Communist Party of China turned to its most colossal mass mobilization project yet, the Great Leap Forward, in ________.

1958

The massive "Tet" Offensive by Vietcong forces in February ________ may have contributed to President Johnson's decision not to seek another term.

1968

Rearmament in Germany under the Nazis was initially secret but became public knowledge after 1935, and the number of planes in its air force grew by a factor of _______ before 1939.

200

Although US troops invaded Afghanistan on October 7, 2001, searching for Osama bin Laden, he was assassinated in May _______.

2011

In the Hungarian uprising, from October to November 1956, some 2500 local troops and 700 Soviet soldiers were killed, while _________ escaped to the West.

250,000

The number of civil service members in India increased markedly, reaching about ________, as Britain implemented a gradual devolution of power to the Indians.

3,000.

According to its cultivation system in Indonesia, the Dutch forced native farmers either to grow government crops on 20 percent of their land or work for _____ days per year on Dutch plantations.

60.

Even young children

7.

An estimated ________ Palestinians were driven out of their villages and homes after the first Arab-Israeli War ended in 1949.

750,000

The Allies in World War I recruited volunteers from among their dominions and colonies in considerable numbers, with the British taking _________ from India alone.

800,000

Only two centuries after its beginnings, the pattern of capitalist modernity characterized by market exchange and consumerism encompassed roughly _______% of the world's population.

90

The rise of ISIS in the summer of 2014 resulted in all of the following except:

A call for a renewed American occupation of the region, with "boots on the ground".

Lenin's New Economic Policy (NEP) for the Soviet Union was:

A mixture of private and state investment in factories and small-scale food marketing by peasants.

The word Tanzimat refers to:

A series of reforms inspired by Western European constitutional nationalism.

During the 1990s, the United States economy experienced all of the following except:

A sharp rise in the rate of inflation.

"Apartheid", meaning "apartness" in the ________ language, was instituted in South Africa in 1948.

Afrikaans

A war of independence was declared by the _______ Front of National Liberation in 1954

Algerian

In addition to being a monument to his beloved wife, the Taj Mahal is also an architectural allegory for:

Allah's judgment in paradise on the day of the resurrection.

Among the factors that made industrialization in Belgium, northern France, and the northern German states more suitable in the 1830s than earlier in the century was:

An improved network of roads, canals, and now railways in this region.

_________ is defined as the maintenance of a self-supporting state economic system.

Autarky

If projections of the effects of climate change hold true, the globe will experience all of the following conditions except:

Biodiversity will be dramatically increased, with rising sea levels leading to the generation of new animal and plant species.

After arduous negotiations, Mikhail Gorbachev agreed with President ________ and the other state presidents to a new federal union treaty for the Soviet Union in spring 1991.

Boris Yelstin

Among signs of a major retreat from post-Cold War internationalist political, economic, and diplomatic trends is ________.

Brexit

By 1800, the viceroyalty of La Plata, with the rising port of _________, had grown through contraband trade with Great Britain.

Buenos Aires

Into the early 2000s, the Chinese government touted itself as a "harmonious society", _____.

But it does not tolerate "disruptive elements" advocating independence for ethnic and religious minorities.

The most controversial part of the Darwinian biological theory as spelled out in On the Origin of Species (1859) was that characteristics are passed on by means of "natural selection", and thus: __________.

By random chance and a haphazard process.

The family of Simón Bolívar owned _______ plantations worked by African slaves and was engaged in colonial trade.

Cacao

The first treaty between an Arab country (Egypt) and Israel was signed at _________ in 1979.

Camp David, Maryland

The world's first female prime minister took power in ________ in 1960.

Ceylon

Salvador Allende, the president of _____, was deposed and murdered in a CIA-directed coup in 1973.

Chile

By the 1990s, the United States' economy had become an even deeper "sinkhole", this time for textiles, toys, and simple electrical and electronic devices made in _____.

China

_____ detonated its first nuclear device in October 1964.

China

Japan portrayed its imperial bid in the Pacific in the 1930s as the construction of a "Greater East Asia __________ Sphere."

Co-Prosperity

The Balkan states of Serbia, Montenegro, Greece and Bulgaria:

Collaborated in the First Balkan War against the Ottomans.

The spinning mule, invented in 1779:

Combined the spinning and weaving of textiles into one machine.

Australia was very similar to independent Latin America in that it was a labor-poor but ___________ region, seeking its wealth through export-led growth.

Commodity-rich.

Mussolini's Fascists claimed that they were inaugurating a "_______ state", which theoretically saw all sectors of society contributing in a systematic, orderly, and hierarchical fashion to the health of the whole.

Corporate

From 1966 until 1969, the _________ Revolution in China took as its talisman the "little red book" of Chairman Mao.

Cultural

The Marshall Plan allocated funds to all of the following countries except:

Czechoslovakia

In the past decade, Vladimir Putin has done all of the following except:

De-nationalized state enterprises and created a comprehensive market economy.

Two years after its independence, South Sudan:

Degenerated into a civil war between its president and former vice president.

Mao Zedong was alarmed by the pronouncements of General _____________, the commander of the UN forces in Korea, about raiding Chinese supply bases on the North Korean border.

Douglas MacArthur

Between 1953 and 1961, the ________ "brain drain" reached 3 million defectors, or nearly one-fifth of the population, most of them young and ambitious people.

East German

After United States and Spain made peace at the end of 1898, the US ignored the independent Philippine government led by _________.

Emilio Aguinaldo.

By the time of Aurangzeb's death in 1707, the Marathas had set up their own administrative system with forts and taxes, and were:

Encouraging raids on Mughal caravans and pack trains.

Denis Diderot's most important contribution to the Enlightenment was to assemble all the latest scientific and philosophical thinking into the ___

Encyclopédie

David Livingstone's ultimate goals were not only to __________ but also to "civilize" Africans by broadcasting the blessings of Christianity and commerce.

Exterminate trafficking in slaves.

In February 1812, the British Parliament passed the _________, which made attacks on textile machinery punishable by death.

Frame Breaking Act.

The five permanent members of the United Nations Security Council are China, the United Kingdom, Russia, the United States, and ______.

France

Following protracted negotiations over Vietnamese independence in early 1946 between Ho Chi Minh and the _________, a stalemate ensued.

French

_________ argued that rational thought would not improve either the individual or the welfare of humankind; only recourse to the "will to power" will suffice.

Friedrich Nietzsche.

As a result of the __________ in the United States, millions of veterans benefited from new training and educational opportunities.

GI Bill

______ formulated the United States' policy of containment, which was designed to thwart Soviet expansion into new areas of the globe.

George F. Kennan

Kwame Nkrumah appeared to be a sound choice for leading a constitutional, independent regime in _________ in 1957.

Ghana

In Hungary, János Kádár presided over a form of "_____ communism", characterized by a relatively relaxed attitude toward criticism of the regime and by limited market reforms.

Goulash

"Lawrence of Arabia" helped the members of a prominent family, the ______ from Mecca, to assume leadership of the Arabs for a promised national kingdom in Syria and Palestine.

Hashemites

Given the fiscal limitations, the sultan of the Ottoman Empire, Abdülhamit II, took all of the following actions between 1876 and 1909 EXCEPT:

He encouraged ethnic nationalism within the Empire.

In their determination to establish colonial rule in the region, the German general staff ordered the extermination of the ________ in Southwest Africa, in terms that can only be described as a genocide.

Herero.

Because of __________, E. D. Morel was able to publicize the mistreatment and exploitation of African slave labor on Belgian rubber plantations in Congo.

His position as a clerk in an English firm with interests in Congo.

In its indictment of traditional societal and cultural norms, Allen Ginsberg's __________ and Other Poems (1956) represents the earliest expression of the "Beat" ethic.

Howl

Outside the Southern United States, _________ was the state that experienced the surge in racial tensions after World War I, with about 30% of the state's population (including the governor) members of the Ku Klux Klan in 1925.

Indiana

The Great Mutiny was touched off by the rumor that the British intended to:

Introduce a rifle which required its operator to bite the end from a gunpowder cartridge greased with cow and pig fat.

Mao Zedong, a librarian by training, was an inspiring rural organizer, and he set about developing his ideas of revolution with the heretical idea of:

Inviting peasants into the vanguard of his movement.

Religious scholars of the 1800s succeeded in making _______ the dominant religion of West Africa.

Islam.

All of the following are true of the Decembrist Revolt EXCEPT:

It occurred just after the ascension of Alexander II.

All of the following are true of the second Ottoman siege to Vienna EXCEPT:

It resulted in a third siege, when peace negotiations failed in 1699.

Charles X of France claimed that his blockade of Algiers was justified because:

It was in response to an insult by an Algerian dey to his agent.

All of the following is true of Iran EXCEPT:

It was the Sunni alternative to the Shiite Ottomans.

All of the following is true of the crisis from 1873 to 1878 EXCEPT:

It was triggered when the government initiated a constitutional congress to better represent ethnic minorities.

One advantage enjoyed by Germany in its production of steel was:

Its development of sophisticated science research capabilities at universities.

The Scottish engineer _________ patented his steam engine in 1769, creating a machine that was five times as efficient as previous models.

James Watt.

______________ eventually became strong enough to assume control of Saint-Domingue after the slave rebellion

Jean-Jacques Dessalines

In the elections of 1946 in Argentina, __________ gained a mandate as president at the head of a fractious coalition of nationalists, socialists, and communists.

Juan Perón

The worldwide gay and lesbian liberation movement began in ___ 1969, with resistance to a police raid on the Stonewall Inn bar in New York City.

June

Among the components that Siegfried Marcus designed for his combustion-engine automobile were all of the following except:

Keyless ignition.

By the end of 1980, 80% of Poland's workers had joined a labor union called "Solidarity", founded by the electrician _________.

Lech Walesa

After Khrushchev was ousted from power by the Soviet Politburo, _______ rose in his place.

Leonid Brezhnev

The election of Hasan Rouhani as president of Iran in 2013 led to:

Limitations Iran's nuclear program.

Members of the "Harlem Renaissance" among African American artists and intellectuals felt that to be of African descent:

Made one part of a larger and richer collective history extending beyond the history of slavery.

When quinine became available in the middle of the 1800s, allowing for treatment of ________, European missionaries were able to follow their indigenous colleagues into the African interior.

Malaria.

Ending in February 1943, the Battle of Stalingrad:

Marked the turning point in the European war, with a Soviet victory.

Karl Marx replaced Hegel's dialectical schema with one of his own, based on the concept of economic class struggle, or dialectical _________.

Materialism.

Rifles designed by the German firms of Krupp and _________ pioneered the bolt-action, magazine, and clip-fed rifles that remained the staple of infantry weapons through two world wars.

Mauser.

Since the early 2000s, the so-called BRIC countries, Brazil, Russia, Indonesia, and China, as well as Turkey and _______, have been added to the first tier of global economic powers.

Mexico

Massive demonstrations took place in _________ in the summer of 1968, just in advance of the Olympic Games that were being held there.

Mexico City

Post-World War II artistic movements included all of the following except:

Neo-Federalism

More than 1 million Biafrans were killed in a civil war within ______ during the late 1960s.

Nigeria

Between 1840 and 1870, the total mileage of railroads laid in Britain grew by a factor of ______.

Nine.

The Berlin Wall was breached by jubilant Germans, of both the East and the West, on the night of ______, 1989.

November 9

The Young Turks were:

Officers officially organized as the Committee of Union and Progress

Children frequently began work in mines as "trappers", responsible for:

Opening and shutting ventilation doors in mineshafts.

The "Three Excellences" were:

Poetry, painting, and calligraphy.

The objective of Taylorism was to increase the speed of industrial __________.

Production.

Like his model Genghis Khan, Timur:

Proved surprisingly liberal in the treatment of at least some cities that surrendered.

The takeover of India by the British East India Company was aided by:

Regional leaders' desire to use the Company's sepoy armies in their struggles.

By the late 1960s, the United States and the Soviet Union had entered into a period of relations known as "détente", a French term meaning ________.

Release of tension

In 1792, an attempt at reform was initiated, which the Ottomans called the "New Order," and its main aim was to:

Reorganize the army and provide greater training for officers.

The only Eastern European country whose leader (and his wife) was executed when the regime fell in 1989 was _______.

Romania

Choose the correct chronological order of the events below:

Second Ottoman siege of Vienna; First Ottoman-Russian war; Napoleon's occupation of Egypt; Crimean War

The two main perpetrators of the Bosnian "ethnic cleansing" lived more or less openly in _______ until their arrest in 2008 and 2011.

Serbia

Over the course of the 19th century population in the industrialized nations of Europe:

Shifted from rural to urbanized settings.

_________ was a leading voice for women's liberation and equality, and author of The Second Sex (1949).

Simone de Beauvoir

In his struggle for Indian independence, Mohandas Gandhi pursued a strategy of "satyagraha" or "________".

Soul-force

By the 1890s, the __________ in the United States produced over 90% of the country's petroleum.

Standard Oil Company.

Over Soviet protests, the United States began to develop its Strategic Defense Initiative (SDI), nicknamed "______" after the popular movie of the same name.

Star Wars

The effort to co-opt local rulers into upholding the British government as the historically destined status quo is sometimes called a(n) _________ relationship.

Subaltern.

The leader of the Khartoum uprising in 1883 was Muhammad Ahmad Ibn Abdallah, a(n) _________ and self-styled Mahdi ("rightly guided" or "Messiah").

Sufi.

In a ca. 1815 painting, an Indian artist depicted a British government official in a pose of:

Supplication to Akbar Shah at his court.

In the summer of 2015, roughly 890,000 refugees from _________ entered Germany.

Syria

By 1949, Chiang K'ai-shek and most of his forces had fled to _______, and Mao's forces took Beijing.

Taiwan

One of the most significant reasons for the continued stagnation of the British economy after World War I was:

That nearly half of its budget in the interwar period went to paying off debt from the war.

Prior to the nineteenth century, the Ottomans' traditional enemy was:

The Austrian Habsburgs

The Schlieffen Plan, implemented by the Germans at beginning of World War I, came close to succeeding, but it ultimately failed, for all of the following reasons except:

The Netherlands intervened on behalf of its neighbor, Belgium, threatening to invade Germany.

In the Crimean War:

The Ottoman Empire, France, and Great Britain allied against Russia.

The Congress of Berlin had the following impact on the Ottomans EXCEPT:

The Parliament took over governance and the Sultan retained only symbolic power.

As a result of its loss of Mexico in the early 1800s, Spain began turning to its colony in ________ for agricultural and natural resource exploitation.

The Philippines.

The Russian Empire expanded during the 1800s at the expense of:

The Qajar and Ottoman Empires.

All of the following is true of the Golden Age of Russian culture EXCEPT:

The Russian intelligentsia drew inspiration largely from Greek and Byzantine traditions.

All of the following is true of the Great Reforms initiated by Alexander II EXCEPT:

The Tsar made the mistake of waiting until he could gain the support of the economic and intellectual elite before implementing the reforms.

Among the innovative measures enacted by US President Franklin D. Roosevelt in the "New Deal" were:

The creation of the Securities and Exchange Commission (SEC), charged with enforcing regulations and preventing a repetition of the Stock Market Collapse of 1929.

Israel began building a border fence in 2002 along ________, supplemented in places by a wall of concrete slabs, and it was completed in 2013.

The entire length of the occupied West Bank

During the rapid process of Hitler's consolidation of power in Germany, which of the following events took place first?

The fire in the Reichstag.

After another doubling of its population by 1800, China moved toward what some historical demographers have called a high-level equilibrium trap, a condition in which:

The land has reached its maximum potential for feeding a population, and the surplus population begins to starve.

After supplying the American colonists with money, arms, and officers, in 1778-1779, in alliance with _________, France declared war on Great Britain.

Spain

After he had launched a coup against his father, Akbar, Salim:

Suffered a revolt led by his own son Khusrau.

As distasteful as it was for a _________ to curry favor from the Safavid ruler Shah Tahmasp, Humayun received his support and reclaimed his throne in 1555.

Sunni Muslim

Through a treaty, the British imposed the policy of _________, by which their subjects who were accused of violating Chinese laws would be tried and punished by British consuls.

Extraterritoriality

The memory of Humayun's __________ was galling to the Mughals.

Forced conversion to Shiism.

José Antonio Aponte, head of a Yoruba confraternity ( cabilde) in __________, led an abortive revolt against Spanish control in 1812.

Havana

What did Emmanuel Joseph Sieyès believe the Third Estate stood for, in his pamphlet entitled " What is the Third Estate?"

The French Nation

Building on the philosophical assumption of the material state of nature, the so-called physiocrats argued that freedom and equality should be the standard economic principles and that the state should adopt a _________, or "hands-off", policy in that regard.

"laissez-faire"

Mexico refused to recognize Texan national independence, and the state of Texas entered the United States in ___________.

1845

Even before the Meiji Restoration, Japan had one of the highest levels of preindustrial literacy in the world, _______ percent for males and 15 percent for females.

40

Some signs of economic stress were already present toward the end of Qianlong's reign, and chief among these was the problem of:

Absentee landlordism.

The position of the military aristocracy in Japan was:

Absolute and unquestioned, in all matters of life and death.

José de San Martín trained the Army of the _______ and, with this army, liberated Chile from royalist forces in 1818.

Andes

The Mughals gave India one of its most prolific eras in terms of profusion and synthesis of literary genres, with _________ remaining the chief languages of literature.

Arabic and Persian

Akbar's religious policies were viewed, by his fellow Muslims:

As proof that he had actually become a non-believer.

Dorgon crossed the Great Wall into China in 1642:

At the invitation of a Chinese general.

The eighteenth century proved to be a boon time for all involved in the ____________ trade, and the British in particular increasingly viewed it as a valuable part of their growing commercial power.

Canton

In 1810, the New Granadans created juntas, or committees, among which the junta of _________ was the most important, and they drove the colonial Spaniards from their positions.

Cartagena

Landowners of self-sufficient plantations in many parts of Latin America supported governmental ____________, the same kind of authoritarian and paternalistic form of action that they practiced on their estates.

Caudillismo

The chief duties of the Mughals' zamindars were to:

Channel small-scale competitive energies into productive activities.

As a result of its winning the War of the Pacific (1879-1884), _________ gained access to rich nitrate deposits and mining cities.

Chile

Spanish colonialism in Latin America finally ended when the last troops surrendered to Bolívar's forces in 1826, on an island off the ________ coast.

Chilean

Some 235,000 _________ "coolies" were brought to Peru, Cuba, and Costa Rica, working in silver mines, sugar and cotton plantations, and later on railroads

Chinese

The most prominent of the ___________, which emerged in the 1860s, was Shenbao.

Chinese-language newspapers

With the ascension of the infant Guangxu as emperor in 1874 came the regency of Empress Dowager _________.

Cixi

The Mitsubishi Company expanded from ________ to manufacturing, profiting from the encouragement by the Japanese government of zaibatsu, or cartels.

Coastal shipping

In retaliation for the defiant actions in Boston Harbor, Britain imposed the so-called _________, also known as the "Intolerable Acts" in colonial North America, which put Massachusetts into effective bankruptcy.

Coercive Acts

European manufacturers of porcelain:

Imitated Chinese designs in porcelain before they could make their own.

In contrast to Rousseau's traditional Christian ethics, _________ sought to build morality on transcendent reason and thus came to the conclusion that his morality had to be erected on the basis of the categorical imperative.

Immanuel Kant

Aided by the ease of travel within the Mongol Empire, _________ had, by the fourteenth century, become the dominant religion among the Central Asian Turkic peoples.

Islam

The astronomers of the Kerala school had calculated elliptical orbits for the visible planets a century in advance of __________.

Johannes Kepler

In 1899, _________, the US secretary of state, circulated a note suggesting that all powers remain committed to an "open door" to trade in China.

John Hay

In the fall of 1600, the back of the western coalition of daimyos was broken by the Tokugawa victory at the Battle of Sekigahara, near __________.

Kyoto

The _________ Constitution was promulgated in 1889 and remained in force in Japan until it was supplanted by a constitution composed by Allied occupation forces after World War II.

Meiji

Mexican independence came in 1821, with a compromise established in part by Vicente Guerrero, whose father was a(n) ________.

Mestizo

From his base of operations in _________, in south-central Mexico, Emiliano Zapata began to occupy sugar plantations and distribute plantation land to his campesinos (laborers and tenant farmers).

Morelos

For Babur and his successors, their ruling family would always be "The House of Timur," prompting historians to sometimes refer to the line as the Timurids. However, because of their claims to the legacy of Genghis Khan, they would be better known to the world as the _________.

Mughals

The culmination of the trend to incorporate Western models into the Japanese _____________ was Natsume Soseki's Kokoro (1914).

Novel

Living on the edge of poverty in many areas, with old trade routes and handicrafts disrupted by the treaty ports, many _______ saw in the Taipings, the Nian, and other local rebellions a desperate way to change their situations.

Peasants

The commander of an American fleet, Matthew C. _________, arrived in Japan in July 1853, deliberately attempting to impress the Japanese with Western technological might.

Perry

_________ writers, painters, and poets followed Humayun to India, where their talents enlivened the arts and helped develop Urdu verse forms.

Persian

Gran Colombia was divided in 1831 into its component parts, which included all of the following except

Peru

The power of opium to suppress pain and hunger made it particularly attractive to the ____________ inhabitants of south China.

Poor and ordinary

The two key terms in the popular Chinese self-strengthening formulation Zhongxue wei ti and Xixue wei yong meant "Chinese studies for the essence" and "Western studies for the __________."

Practical application

After the reimposition of the jizya tax on non-Muslims, Hindus who had newly converted to Islam:

Preserved their caste and clan affiliations, especially in terms of profession.

The conclusion that porcelain was the single most important commodity in the unfolding world commercial revolution between 1500 and 1800 is supported by all of the following except:

The depiction of Muhammad's face on many of them, in spite of Islamic prohibitions.

At the battle of Panipat in 1526, Babur's army had the advantage of:

The new military technologies of matchlock muskets and field cannon.

Women could, and often did, exercise a greater degree of power and influence among the ___________ than among most other groups in India.

Turkic peoples

The items representing the artistic and aesthetic tastes of the court and the samurai were:

Widely available to anyone who had the money and interest to afford them.

In the peace negotiations concluding the American War of Independence, France incurred _________, an obligation which it ultimately was unable to meet, thus setting in motion one of the underlying causes for the outbreak of the French Revolution.

exorbitant war debt repayments

In his Social Contract, and to the consternation of French radicals, Jean-Jacques Rousseau espoused the notion that humans _________.

had suffered a steady decline from their "natural" state ever since civilization began and imposed its own external authority on them

The Paraguayan War of 1864-1870 resulted in the loss of _______ the Paraguayan population.

half

The Execution of Emperor Maximilian of Mexico, June 19, 1867, was painted by __________.

Édouard Manet

Akbar's four principal ministries included all of the following except:

Diplomatic relations with European trading companies

In 1822, __________ proclaimed, "Independence or death!" thereby making Brazil an independent kingdom.

Dom Pedro I

_____________ invented a machine which could behead a victim "painlessly", and he later changed his own name to elude association with its use.

Dr. Joseph Ignace Guillotin

"_______ learning" was especially prized in the Tokugawa period, with their representatives retaining yearly access to the shogunate and exerting influence on prominent Japanese intellectual.

Dutch

The Tonghak, or "_________", movement kept the Korean peninsula a volatile one in the 19th century, inspiring peasant rebellions in 1810 and 1860.

Eastern learning

The skills of Hindus and Jains were increasingly sought by the Mughal court, and Akbar made a Hindu his ___________ and employed Hindu court astrologers.

Finance minister

For French philosopher Auguste Comte, world history was arranged into three successive stages, theological, metaphysical and scientific, the last stage representing the advances and progress ushered in by the sciences, which he saw as a positive stage. Hence Comte's philosophy's was labeled _________

"Positivism"

The French section of Hispaniola produced nearly _________ the world's coffee and sugar at the time of the French Revolution.

1/2

The poetic form of haiku reached its golden age in the Tokugawa period, and the most renowned practitioner of the form, composed of ___-syllable couplets, was Matsuo Basho.

17

In April ________ the new Emperor Meiji issued a "charter oath" in which he renounced, at least officially, the restrictive measures of the past.

1868

Slavery ended in Brazil in _________.

1888

Porfirio Díaz dominated the Mexican government between 1876 and 1880, and again between 1884 and ________.

1911

Akbar had a sudden intense mystical experience in 1578, gradually developing a personal philosophy he called "sulh-i kull", meaning "_________".

At peace with all.

A ________ sect called the White Lotus sparked a rebellion against the Qing soon after the Qianlong emperor stepped down from his throne in 1795.

Buddhist

Qing philosophers based themselves at the Donglin Academy, founded in 1604, and devoted themselves to reconstituting an activist ________ based on rigorous self-cultivation and advising court officials.

Confucianism

As a result of a British and French raid on Beijing in 1860, a newly created Chinese board, the Zongli Yamen, was to handle Qing ________, and the Chinese were invited to send their own ambassadors abroad.

Foreign relations

The most systematic of the so-called idealist philosophers in Germany, ______________ asserted that all thought proceeded dialectically from the "transcendental ego" to matter and from there to the spiritualized synthesis of nature.

Georg Wilhelm Friedrich Hege

By one estimate, in 1450 ________ of the Ming frontier military units had cannon, most of which were produced in arsenals like Junqiju.

One-half

With the traditional threats from the borders now quashed, the reign of the __________ emperor, from 1736 to 1795, marked both the high point and the beginning of the decline of the Qing dynasty

Qianlong

After the American Civil War, a period of unification ensued during which Southern states were occupied by federal troops in order to enforce the new policies of _________.

Reconstruction

The Congress of Vienna restored the French Bourbon monarchy with the coronation of King _________, the brother of Louis XVI.

Regarding the newly independent North American republic, which of the following statements is not accurate?

Kangxi's 13 _________, embodying maxims distilled in part from Zhu Xi's thought, became the official Qing creed from 1670 on.

Sacred edicts

Both the American and French Revolutions were outgrowths of the _________ and the later Enlightenment

Seven Years' War

The system devised under the Tokugawa bakufu ("_______", referring to the shogun's official status as the emperor's mobile deputy) was called sankin kotai, the "rule of alternate attendance".

"Tent government"

The first Amerindian to accede to the office of President of Mexico was:

Benito Juárez

Juana Azurduy de Padilla played an instrumental role in the establishment of the nation of ________.

Bolivia

The Japanese occupation of Manchuria's Liaodong Peninsula in the 1890s was opposed by the Triple Intervention, an alliance of all of the following European countries except:

Great Britain

The ________ Rebellion, led by Hong Xiuquan and his Christian-influenced declarations, began in 1851.

Taiping

Regarding the newly independent North American republic, which of the following statements is not accurate?

The Articles of Confederation did not grant enough self-governing power to the individual states

The Qing employed a "loose rein" or "using barbarians to check barbarians" in respect to the Mongols and the ____________ in the 1720s.

Tibetan Buddhists