World Civ unit 5 part 2 - 3

what is al-Khwarizmi best known for

-"the father of algebra"

list one example of famous Muslim literature and where did these stories originate and spread

-A Thousand and One Nights (Arabian Nights) -originated India, Persia, and everywhere else in the Middle East -spread to China, Egypt, and India because the stories were already based off of there

what does the pastime involve for Polo and why did this pastime become popular with medieval Muslims

-Polo: a sport of riding on horses and using a wooden mallet (long wooden hammer) to hit the ball into the goal -it became famous because it was a good way to show you had wealth

what was Muslim literature enriched by

-Sufism or Islam mysticism

describe two contributions made by Muslim scholars for Zoology and Astronomy

-Zoology: the study of animals, wrote books describing the structure of animals bodies -Astronomy: the study of objects in the universe, navigational tools were improved to locate the direction of objects in the universe and the length of Ramadan

who was Ibn Sina

-a Persian who became Islam's most famous philosopher -a great doctor

who was Ziryab

-a talented musician and singer from Baghdad

what factors combined to promote learning in Muslim lands

-acceptance of the Arabic language, school, colleges, and libraries; -cities became great learning attractions

what type of design took its beauty from the natural world

-arabesque

what technological advancements did Muslims make to take advantage of scarce water resources

-build dams and aqueducts to provide water for households, mills, and fields -they improved existing systems of canals and underground wells

describe the purpose of the two navigational instruments adapted and perfected by Muslims

-compass: allowed people to identify the direction in which they are traveling -astrolabe: computed time based on the action of the sun or stars

list two accomplishments of the Muslims in the category of geography and navigation

-examined plants and animals in different regions -divided the world into climate zones

list two ways Muslims adapted and expanded bookmaking

-gathered sheets of paper and sewed them into leather bindings -started writing on paper so important details/teachings can be preserved

describe how mosques are designed

-has at least one minaret (tower) with a small balcony where the muezzin chants the call of prayer -had a courtyard that stands a fountain for washing before prayers

what are two reasons why al-Khwarizmi's books were important to the field of mathematics

-he showed how to be able to figure out an equation with a variable and what it values -they had Arabic numerals instead of Roman numerals which made it easier to see

what role did Ibn Sina's book, The Canon of Medicine, play in the medieval world

-helped doctors diagnose and treat deadly diseases -influenced Europeans because they had the book to teach students in medical school

what was unique about the music that developed in Cordoba, Spain

-it blended elements of Arab and native Spanish cultures

list two ways textiles were important to medieval Muslims?

-practical items -trade goods

what types of designs did Muslims use in their decorative art

-shapes and patterns -calligraphy

how did Muslim philosophers follow the example of Greek scholars

-used reason and logic to try to prove important truths

what does the pastime involve for Chess and why did this pastime become popular with medieval Muslims

-was invented in India and was played by all levels of society from slaves to wealthy -it is a game of outsmarting your opponent -the Muslims introduced this fame to Europe

list three important details about the city of Baghdad

1. crossroads of trade routes; 2. took 100,000 people (four years) to build the new capital; 3. double wall surrounded the city

give one example of Muslim contributions in hospitals, medication, surgery, and disease

Hospitals: -anyone can go to the hospital or be treated Medicine: -drugs -diet -exercise Surgery: -they have people sleep before the surgical procedure Disease: -bacteria caused infections