WORLD HISTORY 1001: THE BEGINNINGS OF HUMAN SOCIETY Test Study Guide

Today, there are between _____ languages spoken on Earth.

5,000 and 6,000

Which of the following would the Universal Declaration of Human Rights uphold?

A young man's appeal to a court of law. The ability to move to a different village. A mother's right to educate her daughter as she saw fit.

Homo erectus is believed to be the first confirmed species found outside of _____.

Africa

The origin of the human species appears to be in _____.

Africa

How can an historian acknowledge personal bias yet stay true to the historic method?

An historian may keep asking more questions, keep searching other sources, and keep writing.

The idea of farming took shape in many areas of the world. How do we know this?

Archaeologists have excavated different regions with findings of very early agriculture.

According to anthropologists, why did planting crops lead to the rise of a political class?

As food became more plentiful, people were freed up to serve as community leaders. As settlements developed, leaders emerged to help organize and regulate these budding civilizations.

The first hominid that is believed to have walked upright is _____.

Australopithecines

Historians seek to interpret historic sites, artifacts, written records, and verbal histories without adding their own what?

Biases of interpretation

How do the Five Elements of Historic Events work together for viewing history?

By remembering the 5 W's, a historian can connect information of an event.

Relative dating helps to determine ___.

Chronological order

Which of the following statements would best describe the common elements of most historical events?

Common elements involve change, advance, or conflict.

Most of the evidence we have about early humans comes from _____.

Cro-Magnon

_____ is the closest relative to modern humans.

Cro-Magnon

It is believed that a mother language developed somewhere in _____.

Eurasia

It is believed that a mother language originally developed in _____.

Eurasia

What makes historians unique?

Historians present the past to the present to learn from mistakes and successes Historians write, as accurately as possible, stories of past people, places, and events Historians use the historic method to draw conclusions of history and how it affects us Historians want to discover, study, and interpret new findings.

The first species of early humans to travel outside Africa was _____.

Homo Erectus

What is the first species of humans found outside Africa?

Homo erectus

The human species that may have been the first to use crude tools is _____.

Homo habilis

What species first appeared to walk upright?

Homo habilis

Read the following events. Which happened last? Humans figured out that the plants along the rivers were edible. Rivers provided water as the main source of life for plants animals and humans. Rivers flooded their banks, leaving fertile land along them. Humans moved from hunter-gatherers to agricultural settlements.

Humans moved from hunter-gatherers to agricultural settlements.

What made the climate of northern Africa change from tropical to grasslands, and then to desert?

Ice Ages

What is the best choice for why agrarian societies included gender inequality?

In larger groups of people, organization was essential to survival; men took the more powerful role.

Based on the information in this lesson, how is history like the basketball game? Select all that apply.

It is hard to determine how events happen. Historians use clues to piece together events.

Diseases spread more easily in agrarian societies due to which of the following?

Living in societies meant living closer to other people and sharing resources in close contact.

The Paleolithic Age is also known as the _____.

Old Stone Age

The age in which early humans made tools is called the _____.

Paleolithic Age

The era in which early humans made tools is called the _____.

Paleolithic Age

When rivers overflowed their banks, what would have happened in the Neolithic Era?

Plants would have naturally grown. Farming communities would have taking advantage of the bounty and established habitations around them. Wild animals would have come to drink. The first humans would have followed the wild game.

When doing historical research, how can you organize your thoughts on a document you are reading?

Respond to questions from peers on the subject matter. Discuss the information with peers. Understand where you agree or disagree with others on the subject. Take good notes using colons and other punctuation.

Ancient rock paintings have been found in _____.

Spain and France

How does the historian affect history?

The bias of historians will affect the way they record events.

Significant developments in the sedentary agrarian communities include which of the following?

There was a consistant food source. Burial rituals were evident. The population grew.

Why are secondary sources important to the study of history?

These sources provide information written by other authors.

The steppes of Ukraine and southern Russia are important for what reason?

They are considered the birthplace of language.

Which of the following statements best describes the first people to use language?

They were pastoral people who traveled according to the needs of their herds.

When studying history, asking questions and checking other sources will improve one's perspective. What other awareness is necessary?

To realize all writers and reporters have some bias of culture, geography, economics, or politics.

To properly study the human race's past, all five types of historians should be used.

True

How would an historian best respond to the comment, "History is simply a series of events in chronological order."

True, with fascinating information of who, what, where, why, and possibly some bias and perspective of the writer that we can explore.

Why should historians use more than one source of information?

Two sources of historical information can give more information than just one.

How did the receding ice age help with the development of agrarian societies?

Warmer climate created better growing conditions.

What best describes a rite of passage?

a ceremony that marks passing stages in life

secondary source

a document produced some time after the historical subject of study took place

primary source

a document that was produced during the same time period as the historical subject being studied

A secondary source might be _____.

a documentary made ten years later

society

a group of people with common practices, activities, and interests

civilization

a highly developed society

linguist

a person who studies language

hominid

a primate belonging to a family of which modern humans belongs

What was the key element that led people to settle into an agricultural lifestyle?

a ready-made and reliable water source

Which of the following is most like an index?

a table of figures

headline

a title or heading at the top of an article or page

font

a type design or setting

domestication

ability to alter the makeup and/or behavior of plants and animals to make them more useful to humans

What are some of the characteristics of the six agrarian societies mentioned in this chapter?

advanced ideas or beliefs on death and burial control of water through dams or canals evidence of metal tools and weapons many buildings used for a variety of reasons

Three common characteristics of hunter-gatherer societies were _____.

age and gender divisions moving around a lot smaller-sized communities

The evolution of language paralleled the growth of _____ societies.

agrarian

Agrarian societies were based around _____.

agriculture

culture

all the knowledge and values shared by a society

Disease is easier to spread in _____ society.

an agrarian

chronological order

an arrangement of events in the order in which the events took place

Neolithic Age

an era of human history beginning about 12,000 years ago and marking the emergence of agricultural societies, often called the New Stone Age

method

an orderly procedure or process; the regular manner of doing anything

The steps of the historical method include:

analysis of data reporting conclusions synthesis of data

The historical method uses what six elements?

analyzing data collecting data interpreting data reporting data drawing conclusions based on evidence classifying data

Which of the following types of information may be helpful for historians researching the second century BC?

architecture monuments eye witness accounts letters art maps artifacts

Historians have a difficult task, if not all facts have been discovered yet, with doing what?

attempt to re-create a historic event to find what probably happened

The length of time hunter-gatherers stayed in one region depended on _____.

available food amount of stored food climate conditions

Historians are concerned with accuracy of their writings and readings but are also aware of ___.

biases, perspectives, beliefs, and a variety of other differences.

Which of the following are rites of passage, according to Arnold van Gennep?

birth death puberty marriage

Evidence of more sophisticated religious beliefs includes _____.

buildings constructed for public purposes placement of human remains

According to one major language theory, how did different groups develop their own languages?

by developing words for tools that were unique within their communities

The procedure of comparing cultural similarities as well as differences among societies is called the _____.

comparative method

contemporary

concerning the present time

There are three important reasons for studying history:

connects the past to the present reveals contributions of ancient civilizations shows us patterns

What is important when looking at historical sources?

credibility

What is meant by the term aquaculture?

cultivation of water animals, such as eels and fish

Five characteristics of agrarian societies were _____.

depletion of the soil freedom to work different jobs rapid technological advances less leisure time extra food during winter

Integration of media sources

different types of media sources used to get the best picture of history

An anthropologist studies _____.

early human culture and development compared to the present day

hunter-gatherer

early society where people hunted and gathered food

Four characteristics of agrarian societies include _____.

easier spread of disease surplus food more social organization depletion of soil

What resulted from the planting of crops in the beginnings of human society?

economic stability

Population growth and the domestication of plants and animals brought on new cultural changes, such as _____.

emergence of new social classes gender inequality greater need for protection

History is the recorded story of the interaction between _____, ____ and ____.

environment ideas people

What is a geologists scientific method?

examines rock strata

What process has the historian followed when testing the accuracy of the source against other facts and outside data?

external criticism

People may have chosen to become sedentary because _____.

farming created surplus crops to survive winter surplus food meant others could learn different jobs large groups were safer

Four characteristics of hunter-gatherer societies are _____.

few technological advances more dangerous lifestyle people were nomadic healthier diets

What is an etymologists relevance in history?

finds out where words came from

The first great leap for humans was _____.

fire

Place the species in the order in which they appeared on Earth.

first: Australopithecines second: Homo habilis third: Homo erectus fourth: Neanderthals fifth: Homo sapiens

Recognizing patterns helps us to:

gain some insights into human behavior make predictions as to what will be the end result of certain decisions that are made avoid making mistakes in the future

What is a linguists relevance in history?

gives meaning to ancient words

Linguists agree the ability to speak a language sets humans apart from other animals because we can: ______.

have rules for our sentences use grammar borrow words from other languages invent languages use abstract terms including past and future

Three early forms of written communication were:

hieroglyphs petroglyphs cuneiform

People who discover, study, interpret, and write history are called _____.

historians

Who, what, when, where, and why are elements of _____.

historic events

What species may have been the first to use crude tools?

homo habilis

Historians must have certain qualities of character, such as _____.

honesty accuracy

Which of the following would be good things to settle with a group BEFORE beginning a discussion?

how questions are asked the topic of discussion the length of discussion who opens discussion

We know for certain that early humans were first _____.

hunter-gatherers

Evidence of climate changes and conditions that affected early societies are gathered from _____.

ice core samples tree rings

History is the story of the interaction between _____.

ideas people environment

It is important to ________ multiple sources for historical accuracy.

integrate

an important element of finding your way and playing a role in this world is _____.

knowing how to read documents

How are anthropologists able to make generalizations about human behavior?

knowing the regularities in human custom

Collective learning is the ability to learn and transfer _____ to others.

knowledge

Examples of primary sources would include _____.

letters artifacts human remains

Three characteristics of hunter-gatherer societies were:

little surplus food was available they knew how to make fire and tools people moved around a lot

What is an archaeologists scientific method?

looks for artifacts, examines remains, performs excavation work

What is a linguists scientific method?

looks for similiarities between words in different cultures

If you were writing a report and wanted to indicate that something is less important, what could you use?

lower case small font

Connecting the past to the present helps you to know how people have _____.

maintained unity through time solved their problems chosen to deal with conflict

What is an anthropologists relevance in history?

makes historical comparisons between cultures

Five characteristics of hunter-gatherer societies were _____.

more dangers from animals and accidents few social changes healthier and better diets little problem with spread of disease few technological changes

salient

most important or noticeable

artifacts

objects made by humans that are unearthed by archaeologists

pattern

observable tendencies of a group or person

interpretation

one's explanation of the meaning of something

perspective

one's point of view, how one views the world

Historical understanding is built on _____.

past and current sources

What is an anthropologists scientific method?

performs fieldwork among different cultures

bias

personal judgement based on unfounded evidence

An example of data that a historian would use is _____.

pictorial data

What is a geologists relevance in history?

places life in chronological order

What did economic stability lead to in the Neolithic Revolution?

political systems

Some of the things archaeologists study to gather information about early agrarian societies are _____.

pollen grains animal and human remains tools

Some of the artifacts that hint at religious rituals include _____.

pottery jewelry

Interpretation of data based on one's own perspective can lead to ________________.

preconceived ideas

A firsthand report or eyewitness account is an example of what type of data source?

primary

What is an archaeologists relevance in history?

provides information about ancient human societies

Absolute dating can be determined by which of the following.

radioactivity Earth's magnetic field coral growth cycle tree-ring patterns

Two characteristics of agrarian societies were _____.

rapid technological advances more rapid spread of disease

Which of the following is NOT a primary source?

recent book about the Civil War

What are the three most important reasons for studying history?

recognizing patterns revealing past contributions of civilizations connecting the past to the present

History is more than a series of events. It is a ___ of events.

record

It is important to make certain that your source for historical research is ___.

reliable

What things can cause a person to be biased?

religious views country lived in upbringing political views

Which of the following are steps in the historical method?

reporting conclusions interpreting information analysis classifying data

The two main types of sources historians use to gather information about the past are _____.

secondary primary

Rapid growth in population and domestication created what new cultural changes?

social class divisions more complex religious beliefs inequalities in power

agrarian

societies based on agriculture

Quantitative analysis includes _____.

statistics the "what" question

What BEST defines anthropology?

study of people

Choose the best answer to complete this sentence: The illustration of the basketball game shows _____.

that one event can be viewed from many perspectives

stratigraphy

the branch of geology that studies the various layers of rock and soil

historical method

the collecting, analyzing, and interpreting of data

A linguist studies _____.

the development of language

A geologist studies _____.

the earth, rock forms, and strata

history

the human record of people and their relationships

An archaeologist studies _____.

the lives of early communities by examining artifacts

What is a historian?

the men and women who discover, study, interpret, and write history

Mesolithic Age

the middle period in the development of technology between the Paleolithic and Neolithic periods

seriation

the procedure of developing a chronology of arranging remains at a site that produces a consistent pattern of development

sedentary

the process of settling down in one location

scientific method

the processes and procedures by which we acquire information

historical method (alt. definition)

the series of steps historians use in their study of history

linguistics

the study of human lanugage

anthropology

the study of humans

geology

the study of the earth, especially of its rock forms

archaeology

the study of the lives of early human communities through the examination of their physical remains

etymology

the study of the origin of words

Prehistory can be described as _____.

the time prior to the use of written records

The dating of artifacts is done by a _____-age system based on the development of tools and technology.

three

prehistory

time prior to the use of written records

The three important reasons for studying history are _____.

to connect the past to the present to recognize patterns to reveal past contributions of civilizations

What is the purpose of a table of contents?

to quickly find what you are looking for

Three good reasons for studying history are _____.

to reveal past contributions of civilizations to recognize patterns to connect the past to the present

ratify

to sign or give formal consent to a document making it valid

What is an etymologists scientific method?

traces the form and meaning of words

Which difficult position might historians find themselves in?

wanting to add their own perspective or bias to the writing

Early plants that were domesticated are _____.

wheat, rye, barley

Historians attempt to answer the questions of history by addressing the following:

who what when where why