World History 1112 Chapter 20

Akbar had a sudden intense mystical experience in 1578, gradually developing a personal philosophy he called "sulh-i kull", meaning "_________". A. Kill them all, and let Allah sort them out. B. At peace with all. C. All religions are equal, but some are more equal than others. D. Achilles sulked in his tent.

B. At peace with all.

The astronomers of the Kerala school had calculated elliptical orbits for the visible planets a century in advance of __________. A. Tycho Brahe B. Johannes Kepler C. Galileo Galilei D. Ptolemy

B. Johannes Kepler

Allegory

A literary, poetic, dramatic, pictorial, or architectural device in which the parts have symbolic value in depicting the meaning of the whole.

Like his model Genghis Khan, Timur: A. Created an empire that long outlasted him. B. Set his ultimate sights on western Europe. C. Proved surprisingly liberal in the treatment of at least some cities that surrendered. D. Claimed that he was self-directed and did not rely on the power of the gods.

C. Proved surprisingly liberal in the treatment of at least some cities that surrendered.

As distasteful as it was for a _________ to curry favor from the Safavid ruler Shah Tahmasp, Humayun received his support and reclaimed his throne in 1555. A. Sikh B. Hindu C. Sunni Muslim D. Shia Muslim

C. Sunni Muslim

The skills of Hindus and Jains were increasingly sought by the Mughal court, and Akbar made a Hindu his ___________ and employed Hindu court astrologers. A. Protocol chief B. Religious advisor C. Son-in-law and heir D. Finance minister

D. Finance minister

Gunpowder empires

Muslim-ruled empires of the Ottomans, Safavids, and Mughals that used cannons and small arms in their military campaigns, 1450-1750.

Gouache

Watercolors with a gum base.

The memory of Humayun's __________ was galling to the Mughals. A. Composition of a bizarre religious treatise that tried to synthesize all religions B. Admission that he could not conquer the south of Hindustan. C. Defeat at the hands of the Safavids D. Forced conversion to Shiism.

D. Forced conversion to Shiism.

_________ writers, painters, and poets followed Humayun to India, where their talents enlivened the arts and helped develop Urdu verse forms. A. Hindu B. Italian C. Kurdish D. Persian

D. Persian

After he had launched a coup against his father, Akbar, Salim: A. Was sent into exile in Persia B. Became a Sufi priest and removed himself from the Mughal succession. C. Was executed by impaling, as a warning to future rebels. D. Suffered a revolt led by his own son Khusrau.

D. Suffered a revolt led by his own son Khusrau.

The Mughals gave India one of its most prolific eras in terms of profusion and synthesis of literary genres, with _________ remaining the chief languages of literature. A. Arabic and Persian B. Kashmiri and Arabic C. Oriya and Maithili D. Hindi and Persian

A. Arabic and Persian

For Babur and his successors, their ruling family would always be "The House of Timur," prompting historians to sometimes refer to the line as the Timurids. However, because of their claims to the legacy of Genghis Khan, they would be better known to the world as the _________. A. Mughals B. Huns C. Sheikh D. Mangral

A. Mughals

After the reimposition of the jizya tax on non-Muslims, Hindus who had newly converted to Islam: A. Preserved their caste and clan affiliations, especially in terms of profession. B. Were quickly promoted into the mansabdar class. C. Were forced to demonstrate their conversion by undertaking a pilgrimage to Mecca. D. Gave up their caste affiliation in an effort to hide their past identity.

A. Preserved their caste and clan affiliations, especially in terms of profession.

At the battle of Panipat in 1526, Babur's army had the advantage of: A. The new military technologies of matchlock muskets and field cannon. B. Afghan tribal chiefs who had a fearsome reputation for brutality. C. Vast numerical superiority. D. 1000 war elephants that had been trained for battle conditions.

A. The new military technologies of matchlock muskets and field cannon.

Women could, and often did, exercise a greater degree of power and influence among the ___________ than among most other groups in India. A. Turkic peoples B. Sikhs C. Hindus D. Shiite Muslims

A. Turkic peoples

Aided by the ease of travel within the Mongol Empire, _________ had, by the fourteenth century, become the dominant religion among the Central Asian Turkic peoples. A. Hinduism B. Sikhism C. Islam D. Buddhism

C. Islam

In addition to being a monument to his beloved wife, the Taj Mahal is also an architectural allegory for: A. The dazzling whiteness of Mumtaz Mahal's customary clothing. B. The conquest of Hindustan by the Mughals in the sixteenth century. C. The incorporation of Sikhism into Sunni Islam as the result of the Mughals. D. Allah's judgment in paradise on the day of the resurrection.

D. Allah's judgment in paradise on the day of the resurrection.

Akbar's religious policies were viewed, by his fellow Muslims: A. As the result of the influence of his wife Manmati. B. As a necessary accommodation to the large numbers of Hindus under his control. C. As a necessary, if harsh, reinstatement of Muslim fundamentalism in his domains. D. As proof that he had actually become a non-believer.

D. As proof that he had actually become a non-believer.

The chief duties of the Mughals' zamindars were to: A. Purge the administrative elite of Sikhs. B. Reform the military command structure. C. Interpret Islamic law in accordance with Aurangzeb's directions. D. Channel small-scale competitive energies into productive activities.

D. Channel small-scale competitive energies into productive activities.

Akbar's four principal ministries included all of the following except: A. Legal and religious affairs B. The royal household C. Army and military matters D. Diplomatic relations with European trading companies

D. Diplomatic relations with European trading companies

By the time of Aurangzeb's death in 1707, the Marathas had set up their own administrative system with forts and taxes, and were: A. Forcibly converting Muslims to Hinduism. B. Carrying off Shah Jahan's fabled Peacock Throne. C. Encouraging the Mughals to marry their daughters to Hindus. D. Encouraging raids on Mughal caravans and pack trains.

D. Encouraging raids on Mughal caravans and pack trains.

As Mughal power was sapped by the revolts of the Marathas and others in the eighteenth century, the armed forces of the ___________ became important players in regional politics. A. Ottoman Turks B. Qinglong Emperor C. Russians D. European trading companies

D. European trading companies

Institutionalization

The creation of a regular system for previously improvised or ad hoc activities or things, such as law codes to replace local customs.