World History (Ch. 19)

The unequal relations between Tutsi cattle breeders and ______ farmers froze into a caste system during the nineteenth-century colonial occupation.

Hutu

The resourceful Queen ________ of Ndongo sometimes negotiated with the Portuguese and fought guerilla campaigns against them at others.

Nzinga

The memoir of the former slave and abolitionist __________ would help push the movement of liberating slaves forward in the nineteenth century.

Olaudah Equiano

Between 1434 and 1472, through a combination of private and public expeditions, _________ mariners explored the African coast as far east as the Bight of Benin.

Portuguese

In the 1440s, Portuguese mariners raided the West African coast in the __________ region for slaves.

Senegambia

With __________ inhabitants in the sixteenth century, the capital of Kongo, M'banza, was comparable in size to many European cities at the time.

60,000

The ruler Ewuare was the first to rise to dominance over chiefs (azuma) and assume the title of king (obo) over _________.

Benin

Although they were under frequent attack by Songhay and Kanem-Bornu during the period 1500-1800, the _________ kingdoms enjoyed periods of independence during which many of the ruling clans converted to Islam.

Hausa

Barbados was settled initially in 1627 by English planters, who grew tobacco, cotton, indigo, and ginger, employing English and Irish ____________.

Indentured laborers

Privateers were individual entrepreneurs who were virtually indistinguishable from_______________.

Pirates

By some estimates, there were more ________ slave uprisings involving 10 or more slaves during the four centuries of Atlantic slavery.

250

As part of the African ________, Africans moved to nearly all parts of the Americas primarily as a result of the transatlantic slave trade.

Diaspora

Around 1750, there were about 10,000 Boers (Dutch for "_______") in the Cape Colony, easily outnumbered by slaves.

Farmers

After the defeat of the Songhay, much of the trans-Saharan gold trade was siphoned off by the Portuguese on what became known as the Gold Coast (modern ________).

Ghana

In the seventeenth century, the process of manumission was____________.

Sometimes followed by the freedman's acquisition of his own slaves.

An example of a Creole language that has survived for centuries is Gullah, used by the isolated communities along the coastal islands of Georgia and _______.

South Carolina

__________ was the only North American colony, and later state, in which African Americans outnumbered those of European descent.

South Carolina

Mercantilist economic theory dictates that___________________.

States should keep their economies blocked off from competitors and import as little and export as much as possible.

The Atlantic system or the "_________" trade connected the American colonies with Africa and Europe.

Triangular

In "chattel" slavery, the slave is, in legal terms____________.

An item of moveable personal property.