World history ch3

The Act of Supremacy

1534 King Henry VII was "the only supreme head on earth of the [new] Church of England." Anglican Church (Church of England). close monasteries.

Council of Trent

1545 which defined Catholic doctrine. It reaffirmed traditional Catholic teachings and forbid the selling of indulgences.

Martin Luther

Catholic monk and professor by faith alone was the chief teaching of the Protestant Reformation. powerless in the sight of God.

What paved the way for Martin Luther's reform movement in Germany.

Christian humanism

What factors combined to foster a religious reformation in Europe?

Christian humanism's goal to reform the Catholic Church Martin Luther's criticism of the Church's corrupt and worldly practices the rise of Lutheranism the political struggles of Charles V.

Annul

Declare invalid

because of this the Holy Roman Empire accepted the division of Christianity in Germany.

Peace of Augsburg

Martin Luther built on Christian humanist ideas to create a Christian reform movement, which developed into what?

Protestant Reformation

restore Catholicism to England

Queen Mary I had almost 300 Protestants burned as heretics.

Ulrich Zwingli

Swiss priest introduced Protestant reforms in the city of Zurich alliance with Martin Luther. Germans and Swiss saw a need to defend themselves against Catholic authorities.

Two new religious orders included:

the Jesuits (society of Jesus) founded by Ignatius Loyola, and the Carmelites, who took vows of complete poverty.

How did the Reformation and Catholic Reformation affect European life and thought?

the emergence of different forms of Protestantism; Calvin's idea of predestination; King Henry VIII's control over the new Church of England; the Anabaptists' belief in separation of church and state; new religious orders, papal reform, and the restatement of traditional Catholicism in the Council of Trent.

Salvation

the state of being saved (that is, going to heaven) through faith alone or through faith and good works

community

a group of people with common interests and characteristics living together within a larger society

Christian humanism

a movement that developed in northern Europe during the Renaissance, combining classical learning and individualism with the goal of reforming the Catholic Church

indulgence

a release from all or part of punishment for sin by the Catholic Church, reducing time in purgatory after death

fundamental

basic or essential

Women's duties in marriage included

bearing children and being obedient to their husbands

predestination

belief that God has determined in advance who will be saved (the elect) and who will be damned (the reprobate)

Desiderius Erasmus

best-known Christian humanist show people how to live good lives. He thought that if people would read the classics (Bible, etc) they would become more religious.

Anabaptist

dangerous radicals considered all believers to be equal called for the complete separation of church and state.

Peace of Augsburg

end to religious warfare in Germany 1555 This agreement formally accepted the division of Christianity in Germany. free to choose between Catholicism and Lutheranism.

Ghetto

formerly a district in a city in which Jews were required to live

As part of the Catholic Reformation in the sixteenth century, the Catholic Church

founded religious orders, introduced papal reforms, and affirmed traditional Catholic teachings.

Why was Luther made an outlaw within the Holy Roman Empire (Called the Edict of Worms)?

he wanted to overthrow the papacy attacked the Church's system of sacraments promoted salvation through faith alone.

Why did Christian humanists call for reform in the Church?

more spiritual and less worldly objected selling of indulgences People were critical of the Church.

anti-semitism

or discrimination against Jews, continued and was common.

external

outward or observable

The English reformation was rooted in?

politics.

John Calvin

predestination Calvinists the belief that they were doing God's work on Earth. all-powerful nature of God.

justification

process of being justified, or deemed worthy of salvation, by God

School

teachers used humanist methods, Martin Luther believed that the state should pay for education.

Lutheranism

the religious doctrine that Martin Luther developed, it differed from Catholicism in the doctrine of salvation, which Luther believed could be achieved by faith alone, not by good works, Lutheranism was the first Protestant faith

publish

to print for distribution

Charles V

wanted to keep the empire united and under the control of his Hapsburg dynasty would disrupt the political and social order. Oppositions:Francis I,princes in Germany,and the Ottoman Turks

valid

well-grounded or justifiable