World History Final

shogun

"general"

satrap

"protector of kingdom"

theravada

"teachings of the elders" school of buddhism in india; buddhism as a way of life

What does the name Qin Shihuangdi mean?

"the first Qin emperor"

consul

(in ancient Rome) one of the two annually elected chief magistrates who jointly ruled the republic.

What characterized China under the Shang dynasty?

-

What were some of the contributions of the ancient Egyptians?

-

How many Qin emperors followed Qin Shihuangdi?

0

Julius Caesar was a member of the

1st triumvirate

Which of the following happened at Thermopylae?

A Greek force of 7,000 held off the Persian army of 180,000 for two days.

ramayana

A Sanskrit epic,

Who were the ephors?

A group of five Spartan men who oversaw the education of the youth and all citizens' conduct.

How was the human-focused worldview of the Italian Renaissance expressed in its art?

A realistic style was developed that showed the human form as a living, three-dimensional person.

The Assyrian communication system was so efficient that a governor could send a message anywhere within the empire and receive a response within

A week

Ibn-Rushd was an Arab scholar who wrote a commentary on

A.Aristotle's works.

Who was the leader of the European Protestant nations?

A.Elizabeth I

Named after the walled cities, they lived in, these people were merchants and artisans.

A.bourgeoisie

Who was the hero that Alexander strove to imitate?

Achilles

Which work did Roman poet Virgil write

Aenid

The Nile River is located on the continent of

Africa

Why were Viking raiders such a threat after the death of Charlemagne?

After Charlemagne's death, the Carolingian Empire was divided into three sections.

What city did Alexander establish as the capital of Egypt?

Alexandria

What did Anabaptists believe?

All believers should be equal.

Which pharaoh was ruling when the New Kingdom reached the height of its power?

Amenhotep 3

the structure of families in early Germanic society?

An extended family

infidel

An unbeliever

Which of these resulted from the Battle of Hastings?

Anglo saxon and norman cultures mixed

How did Hellenistic sculpture differ from sculpture of the classical era?

Artists began to try to create more emotional and realistic art.

According to many historians, a major shift in India's culture between 1500 B.C. and 1000 B.C. was the result of

Aryan migration.

As a result of the Athenian defeat in the Peloponnesian War

As a result of the Athenian defeat in the Peloponnesian War

Under the reign of __________, India became a major crossroads in a trade network that extended from the rim of the Pacific to Southwest Asia and the Mediterranean Sea.

Asoka

The center for philosophy during the Hellenistic era was

Athens

Hammurabi established a capital for his empire at

Babylon

After the Akkadian empire, the next great empire in Mesopotamia was called the

Babylonian

__________led the army that defeated the Ostrogoths in Italy.

Belisarius

The ______________rule was written by the founder of one monastic order and was crucial to the growth of monasticism in the western world.

Benedictine

Hindus strive to leave behind the cycle of earthly life and achieve unity with a form of ultimate reality called

Brahman

The Sumerians were the first to make

Bronze

Why is the Greeks' adoption of the Phoenician alphabet considered a cultural innovation?

By reducing all words to combinations of 24 letters, the alphabet made it easier to learn to read and write.

What tool is more useful for learning about prehistory than for learning about history?

C-14 dating

How did the civil war between Caesar and Pompey end?

Caesar defeated Pompey

Which South American city contained stone buildings for official business, apartment buildings, and grand residences and was the oldest city in the Americas?

Caral

Who were supporters of King Charles I in the English Civil War?

Cavaliers

Which Frankish king defeated the Muslims in 732 at the Battle of Tours?

Charles Martel

A culture which thrived in South America before the Inca gained power was the

Chavin

What structure emerged in the early Christian church?

Christian communities were lead by clergy who had distinct functions separate from regular church members.

The system of political and ethical ideas formulated by a Chinese philosopher toward the end of the Zhou dynasty; it was intended to help restore order to a society that was in the state of confusion

Confucianism

He developed a system of 5 Constant Relationships designed to bring harmony and peace to society. The system emphasized respect for elders and a strong work ethic

Confucius

In addition to being a time of economic prosperity, the Song is known as a period of

Cultural achievement

A system of ideas based on the techniques of Laozi; teaches that the will of Heaven is best followed by inaction so that nature is allowed to take its course

Daoism

What theory did Aristarchus develop?

Earth revolved around sun

The pharaoh Akhenaten believed that

Egyptians should worship only one god, Aten.

In addition to traditional gods and goddesses, whom did Romans worship?

Emperors

Indo-European languages include Greek, Latin, Persian, Sanskrit, German, and

English

After 650 B.C., which group migrated south from Etruria and came to control Rome?

Etruscans

In most Southeast Asian societies, most people were

Farmers

In a Mesopotamian family, who wielded the most power?

Father

Julius Caesar was a memner of the __________

First Triumvirate

What core idea of the Renaissance was expressed by painters using the laws of perspective?

Focus on realism and the individual is key.

The Edict of Nantes settled civil war in

France between Catholics and Protestants.

The first African rulers to convert to Islam were the ruling family of (the)

Gao

The knight who refused to be called king of Jerusalem, saying only God deserved the title, was named

Godfrey de Bouillon

From whom did the Kushāns adapt the alphabet?

Greeks

What Indian civilization emerged as a classical civilization of lasting value?

Guptas

Famous Han emperor who used his military ability to defeat the enemies of China and expand the boundaries of the empire

Han Wudi

What was the most famous feature of the city of Babylon after Nebuchadnezzar II made it the center of his empire?

Hanging gardens

What happened to Ali, Muhammad's son-in-law?

He became caliph but was assassinated five years later.

what did Cardinal Richelieu do?

He centralized power under the king.

Why did Savonarola gain power?

He condemned the corruption of the Medici family.

How did Cleisthenes lay the foundations for democracy in Athens?

He created a council of 500 that proposed, debated, and voted on laws before enacting them.

According to the tradtional story, what convinced Constantine to convert to Christianity?

He had a vision of the Christian cross, which was meant as a sign that he would win an important battle

Why did Alexander the Great bring together the Macedonian and Greek armies?

He needed more men because he wanted to expand his empire by invading the Persian empire.

Liu Pang was

He was born a peasant, but became emperor.

Herodotus wrote _____, a work commonly regarded as the first real history in Western civilization.

History of the persian wars

The first recorded Olympic festival including athletic games was held in 776 B.C. in order to

Honor gods

What special fighting skill did the Xiongu have that made them a threat?

Horseback riding

Which of the following questions did the philosophy of Confucius seek to answer?

How do we restore order to this society?

What is the principle behind the ordeal?

If a person accused of a crime survived a physical trial unharmed, he or she was declared innocent.

What key lesson of Indian society does the Bhagavad Gita contain?

In taking action, one must not worry about success or failure.

The Himalayas separated ancient China from

India

Vedas

Indian literature;religious chants and oral stories then recorded in sanskrit

Why was the Act of Supremacy important?

It named Elizabeth I the leader of church and state.

How did neo-Confucianism serve as a response to rival religions?

It taught that the world is real, not an illusion, and that fulfillment comes from participation.

What was Confucius' opinion of the early Zhou dynasty?

It was a golden age, far better than the time he lived.

what best describes the Maya civilization?

It was composed of city-states that were ruled by a class of hereditary nobles.

What did Thomas Hobbes believe about human nature?

It was motivated by self-preservation.

The place that Israelites viewed as the symbolic center of their religion and of the Israelite kingdom was

Jerusalem

Why is the period between 1100 B.C. and 750 B.C. called the Dark Age?

Little is known ab this time

Machiavelli believed that moral principles

Machiavelli believed that moral principles

Which Indian literary work is an epic that includes riddles about the meaning of life?

Mahabharata

What was the job of the Censorate?

Making sure gov officials were doing their jobs

The first Protestant faith was based on

Martin Luther's religious movement.

What monarch objected to England's change to Protestantism?

Mary I

What academic discipline did Roger Bacon consider important to the study of philosophy?

Math

Pharaoh who created thee beginning of Egyptian history by uniting Upper and Lower Egypt into one kingdom:

Menes

Which of the following contributed to Spain's failing economy?

Mines produced less silver.

The doctrine or belief that there is only one God:

Monotheistic

Leader of the Israelite people who led them out of slavery in Egypt and received the 10 commandments from God:

Moses

One of the sites discovered and excavated by the German archeologist Heinrich Schliemann was

Mycenae

Why do scholars believe that the Mycenaeans developed a wide commercial network?

Mycenaean pottery has been found throughout the Mediterranean area.

Before the independent state of Kush was established around 1000 B.C., the area was called

Nubia

In 31 B.C., at the Battle of Actium in Greece,

Octavian destroyed Antony and Cleopatra's army.

Which Viking was the founder of present-day Kyiv?

Oleg

The earliest known people to farm along riverbanks on the coast of the Gulf of Mexico south of Veracruz were

Olmec

This Saxon king gained a title not used since the time of Charlemagne.

Otto 1

The Chimor were destroyed in the 1400s when

Pachacuti conquered the entire coastal region, bringing it under Inca control.

What followed the death of Han Wudi?

Peace

In 539 B.C., Babylon fell to the

Persians

Which of the following explains how Petrarch's actions spread Renaissance ideas in the fourteenth century?

Petrarch searched for ancient Latin manuscripts, and others followed his lead.

The city ports of Byblos, Tyre, and Sidon were part of

Phoenicia

Who wanted to make the Church of England more Protestant?

Puritans

A four-tiered, massive structure, more than 200 feet high, that towered above palaces and temples along Teotihuacán's main thoroughfare was

Pyramid of the Sun

emperor who united China by replacing the Zhou dynasty, building a system of roads and creating a single monetary system

Qin Shihunagdi

How did Kush emerge as a strong African civilization?

Rf to Ch 3 test

How did Sargon establish and rule his empire?

Rf to Ch 3 test

What are the origins of Buddhism?

Rf to Ch 5 test

What beliefs serve as the basis of Buddhist practices?

Rf to Ch 5 test

How would you define civilization? Explain the basic characteristics of civilization.

Rf to test 1...

Located between influential cultures, the Kushān Empire was shaped by contact with China, Persia, and

Roman empire

After the defeat of Antony

Rome became an empire under Emperor Augustus

After the defeat of Antony,

Rome became an empire with Augustus as emperor

After the end of the 3rd Punic War_________

Rome controlled the whole of the Mediterranean Sea

After the end of the Third Punic War,

Rome controlled the whole of the Mediterranean.

What was one effect of the Etruscan influence?

Rome was transformed from a village to a city

The 12 Tables were

Rome's first system of law

The Twelve Tables were

Romes first sys of law

Peter the Great gained access to the Baltic Sea when

Russia defeated Sweden in a war.

The first writing system of the Aryan people who occupied India after the decline of the Indus Valley Civilization:

Sanskrit

What enabled ancient Indians to record the legends and religious rituals that had been passed down orally from earlier generations?

Sanskrit

In the third century, the Roman Empire was invaded in the west by Germanic tribes and in the east by __________

Sassanid persians

Where were the Vikings from?

Scandinavia

Invasions by the ______ in the 1200s B.C. marked the beginning of the end of the New Kingdom.

Sea people

What brought Alexander's empire-building campaign to an end

Soldiers refused to travel

Why did the Catholic Church gain power in the Americas?

Spanish and Portuguese rulers wanted to Christianize native people.

The Italian Wars, fought between France and Spain, reached a turning point when

Spanish forces sacked Rome.

What was the name of the most popular school of thought during the Hellenistic era?

Stoicism

Structures built in the form of burial mounds to house a relic of the Buddha were called

Stupas

the lowest varna in Indian society comprised of peasants and servants is the _________

Sudras

What was one effect of Marius's new recruitment strategy?

Sulla seized power in Rome.

what was a result of the Peace of Westphalia?

Sweden, France, and their allies gained new territories.

A city, located in a fertile valley in Mesoamerica, that was famous for its obsidian tools, which were shipped to Central America and southwestern North America, was

Teotihuacán.

How were the Abbasids different from the Umayyads in their view of the ideal citizens of the Islamic world?

The Abbasids viewed merchants, judges, and government officials as ideal citizens, while the Umayyads viewed warriors as ideal citizens.

How did Cortés and Pizarro conquer the Aztecs and Incas with much smaller forces than those of the native inhabitants?

The Aztec and Inca did not have the powerful weapons or horses of the Spanish invaders.

Why did the Greeks come into conflict with the Persians?

The Greek settlements had begun to encroach on the Persian empire

What technological advance helped to bring the Dark Age to an end?

The Greeks began to make weapons and farming tools out of iron

How did politics in the Holy Roman Empire help establish the first Protestant faith in Germany?

The emperor was besieged by other problems and did not pay enough attention to developing military forces against him in Germany.

What divided the Muslim Empire in 973?

The establishment of a new dynasty in Egypt.

What describes the relationship between a lord and knight?

The lord provides food, and the knight protects the lord.

when the emperor Darius conquered Thrace _______

The persian empire became the largest the world had yet know.

Which of the following statements about missionaries in the early Christian church is true?

The primary role of the missionary was to convert non-Christians.

Why isn't it surprising that the Greeks became seafarers?

The territory occupied by the Greeks included many small islands as well as 8,500 miles of coastland.

Why did Alexander's empire fall apart after his death?

The top Macedonian generals got embroiled in a power struggle, instead of collaborating to preserve Alexander's legacy.

4 noble truths

The truth of suffering (dukkha) The truth of the cause of suffering (samudaya) The truth of the end of suffering (nirhodha) The truth of the path that frees us from suffering (magg

Two important rivers necessary for food production in ancient China were the Yellow River and

The yaghze

What most closely describes the attitude of the Jewish people of Judaea toward Roman rule?

There were differing opinions about Roman rule.

What did the Athenians do in preparation for Xerxes's invasion?

They built up their navy into a fleet of about 200 boats.

What did the people of Sparta do when they wanted to expand their city-state?

They conquered the neighboring colonies of Laconia and Messenia.

How did the Athenians react to the laws enacted by their leader Draco?

They gave full power to Solon, who canceled debts and freed those who had been enslaved for owing money under Draco

Which of the following is true of upper-class Roman women in the Early Empire?

They had the ability to own and inherit property.

What did the Cistercians do with the time they gained by shortening their religious services?

They prayed privately, performed manual labor, and reached out to people in the community.

What was one important advantage the Hyksos had over the Egyptians in battle?

They rode in horse-drawn war chariots.

What could be true of the Croats?

They were considered outsiders among the southern Slavs because they converted to Roman Catholicism

Which of the following is considered by many historians today to be the greatest historian of the ancient world?

Thucycides

Why did most jobs become hereditary during the reigns of Diocletian and Constantine?

To ensure the tax base and cope with a labor shortage, the emperors issued edicts that forced workers to stay in their jobs.

What effect did stronger governments have on witchcraft trials?

Trials lessened because governments did not want to disrupt societies.

Which of the following best describes the Inca Empire?

Warlike

What was the capital city of the Qin dynasty?

Xiangyang

The Mesoamerican civilization that housed 20,000 people in terraces cut into the sides of a mountain was the

Zapotec

Monte Alban, which contains temples and pyramids on a 1,200-foot-high mountain, was the center of the

Zapotec civilization

The longest lasting dynasty in Chinese history was the

Zhou

What was practiced in the kushan empire

Zoroanastriam

Who were the Vandals?

a Germanic tribe that sacked the city of Rome in 455

The mandate of heaven became

a basic principle of Chinese government.

tyrant

a cruel and oppressive ruler.

monarchy

a form of government with a king or queen

acropolis

a gathering at top of a hill

The Great Schism began in 1378, when

a group of French cardinals who opposed the election of an Italian pope elected a second pope.

monk

a man that separates himself from ordinary society to dedicate himself to God

brahmins

a member of the highest Hindu caste, that of the priesthood.

kshatriyas

a member of the second of the four great Hindu castes, the military caste. The traditional function of the Kshatriyas is to protect society by fighting in wartime and governing in peacetime.

vaisyasa

a member of the third of the four Hindu castes, comprising the merchants and farmers.

sudra

a member of the worker caste, lowest of the four Hindu castes.

What was an innovation of the Sumerians?

a number system based on 60

The Time of Troubles was

a period of anarchy after Ivan IV died.

diviner

a person who is believed to have power to foretell events

The Greeks believed that at the oracle at Delphi,

a priestess was able to communicate with the god Apollo to learn the answers to questions asked by worshipers.

Along with a calendar and a numeric system, another characteristic of the Olmec civilization was

a series of colossal stone heads

quipu

a sys of knotted strings used by incas for keeping records

Who were the Huns?

a tribe of nomads from Asia who pushed the Visigoths into Roman territory

nun

a woman that separates herself from ordinary society to dedicate herself to God

Which Islamic empire did the Mongols invade and defeat

abbasids

civil service

admin service of a gov in which appointments are determined by complex exam.

bureaucracy:

administrative organization that relies on nonelective officials and reg procedures

When did John Calvin became a Protestant leader?

after he wrote the Institutes of Christian Religion.

Hellenistic era

age of alexander the great

The Nile River, which flowed northward,

allowed Egypt to grow a surplus of food.

Egyptian advances in mathematics

allowed them to build massive monuments and survey flooded land

As the Arab Empire expanded, Christians and Jews in the conquered territories were

allowed to practice religion

The Phoenician culture is best known for

alphabet

empire

an extensive group of states or countries under a single supreme authority, formerly especially an emperor or empress.

When the Roman army left Britain, which Germanic tribes moved in and settled there?

angles and saxons

taille

annual direct tax

Islamic art featured natural plants, abstract patterns, and

arabic letters

In construction, the Sumerians developed the

arch

An upper class whose wealth is based on land and whose power is passed on from one generation to another:

aristocracy

Artifacts might take the form of ________-

art

mannerism

artistic movement; marked end of Renai by breaking down principles of balance harmony and moderation

baroque

artistic style characterized by complex forms, bold ornamentation and contrasting elements

Muhammad Ture established the __________ dynasty.

askia

What was the first degree earned by students attending a university?

bachelor of arts

Some Christians thought the Crusades were a mistake because the knights ought to

be fighting jews

Siddhārtha Gautama believed it was important for people to

be responsible for their own lives

Why did the bishops of Rome, Alexandria, Antioch, and Jerusalem hold special powers in church affairs?

because the churches in those cities believed that they had been founded by four of the original apostles.

Why were some of the earliest monks—those who went to live as hermits—unable to live solitary lives?

because their feats of holiness attracted followers

divine rights of kings

belief that king gets power from God

Both hindus and buddhists ________

believe in reincarnation

Both Catholics and Protestants thought Anabaptists were too radical because Anabaptists

believed in the separation of church and state.

Which baroque architect and sculptor designed St. Peter's Basilica in Rome?

bernini

where is the fertil crescent?

between the Mediterranean Sea and Persian Gulf

A person's caste in Indian society was determined by

birth

A fossil might preserve

bones and teeth

longhouse

built with wooden poles covered with bark housing dozens of fams

How did Philip II Augustus expand the French monarchy?

by taking control of Normandy and other French territories

czar

caesar; title used by russian emperors

helot

captive person forced to work for conqueror

Which baroque painter shocked people by portraying religious figures as common people in everyday situations?

caravaggio

The cities of Harrappa and Mohenjo Daro show evidence of

careful planning.

important invention of mid ages

carruca

Pastoral nomads often passed on new technology, such as the use of bronze and iron, by

carrying products between civilized centers.

part of the chinese bereaucracy that made sure gov officials were doing their jobs

censorate

The royal court at Versailles was used by Louis XVI

center for state officials

What was vital for defending people during the Middle Ages?

centralized gov

archipelago

chain of islands

Harun al-Rashid, the Abbasid caliph, was known for his

charity and support of artists and writers.

Brahma the Creator, Vishnu the Preserver, and Shiva the Destroyer were

chief hindu gods

Who brought Buddhism to Japan?

chinese monks

The Peace of Augsburg allowed each German state's ruler to

choose between Catholicism and Lutheranism.

what was based on learning the classics?

christian humanism

sacrament

christian rite

clergy

church leaders

Six of the most important characteristics of civilizations are

cities, government, religion, social structure, writing, and art.

the administrative service of a gov, not including armed forces, in which appointments are determined by competitive examination

civil service

The classical style of art and architecture was meant to

civilize the emotions

Who was the first Germanic leader to convert to Christianity?

clovis

The power of the daimyo resulted in large part from

collapse of central gov

imperator

commander in chief

The system that allows people to invest in trade and goods for profit is

commercial capitalism

The Israelite prophets

condemned the rich for causing the poor to suffer.

polis

consisting of city or town and surrounding countryside

Both Erasmus and Martin Luther wanted the Catholic Church to reform because of

corruption

Early African peoples believed that their ancestors

could influence the lives of their descendants.

Islamic law stated that slaves

couldnt be muslims

What was a key element in the Catholic Reformation?

council of trent

bazaar

covered market in islamic cities

How did people regulate quality of goods, determine how many people could enter a trade, and set prices?

craft guilds

How did Louis XIV increase his power?

created standing army

muezzin

crier for prayer

The way or correct divine way; Chineses belief that there is an underlying order of the universe and life.

dao

interdict

decree by the pope that forbade priests from gving sacraments of church to people

heresy

denial of basic church doctrines

Hindu's believe that a person's actions in this life

determine how the person will be reborn in the next life

ordeal

determining guilt; getting hurt and surviving etc...

Legalism

developed in china; human beings are evil by nature and can be brought back by harsh laws

The last major Crusade ended when its leader, King Louis IX,

died of plague

Which of the following was part of the agricultural revolution?

domestication of animals

what was a part of the agricultural revolution?

domestication of animals

mita

drafted people to work

Egypt's golden age of stability and a period of expansion occurred

during the Middle Kingdom.

A family of rulers whose right to rule is passed on within the family:

dynasty

The social structures of early civilizations were typically based on

econ power

Who was Romulus Augustulus?

emperor

Augustus changed Roman law, such that

emperor had direct control over the provinces.

Han wudi

emperor of han dynasty

In addition to traditional gods and goddesses who did Romans worship?

emperors

Which attitude is most typical of Italy during the Renaissance?

emphasis on the individual

Why did Diocletian divide the Roman Empire into four prefectures?

empire was too large

According to Homer, a man wins arête by

engaging in a struggle or contest to protect his family and preserve his honor.

Puritans

english protestants that believed that church of england needed further reform and sought to simplify and regulate forms of worship

Along with pictographs and ideographs, the Chinese

eventually attached phonetic meaning to some of their symbols.

vernacular

everyday speech

Dante wrote The Divine Comedy in the vernacular rather than in classical Latin so that

everyone could read his work

In the absense of written records, the first thing an archaeologist might do at a prehistoric site is

excavate

lineage groups

extended fam unit combined into larger community

What was the basic social unit for economics and education in the Han dynasty?

family

Most of the 200,000 people of Teotihuacán were

farmers

In ancient China, the family was important because

farming required the work of many people.

5 pillars of islamm=

fasting,charity,belief,pilgrimage, prayer

What led to the Glorious Revolution?

fear that a Catholic king would help Catholics take over the country

India has a variety of geographic regions, including mountain ranges, river valleys, a dry interior plateau, and

fertile coastal plains

Women were the novelists of early Japan mainly because

fiction was beneath men

During the Fourth Crusade, the armies got distracted from their spiritual goals and began

fight for control of Byzantine empire

the duty of family members to subordinate their needs and desires of those of the male head of the family:

filial piety

armada

fleet of warships

The cities of Harrappa and Mohenjo Daro

flourished for hundreds of years.

The Spanish used encomienda and mita to

force people to work

Middle Passage

forced voyage of enslaved africans to the americas

republic

form of gov where leader is not a king and certain citizens have right to vote

After Julius Caesar's death,Anthony and Octavian

fought for control of Rome

Pope Urban II saw the Byzantine emperor's request for help fighting the Seljuk Turks as a chance to

free the Holy Lands from the control of infidels.

What occurred in Eastern North America in A.D. 700?

full time farming

The revolutionary change in the Neolithic Revolution was the shift from

gathering food to growing and raising food.

The revolutionary change in the Neolithic Revolution was the shift from __________

gathering food to growing and raising foods

arabesques

geometric patterns repeated over and over for dec.

predestination

god has determined in advance who wll be saved

In addition to iron goods, the major exports of Kush were

gold, ivory, ebony, and slaves.

In addition to iron goods, the major exports of Kush were ____

gold, ivory,ebony and slaves

According to Aztec religious beliefs, the creation and destruction of the four worlds were caused by

good and evil

triumvirate

gov by 3 people with equal power

regime

gov in power

new monarchy

gov in which power had been centralized under king or queen

What did Confucius think should be opened to all men of talent?

gov service

A typical characteristic of many early civilizations was

governments led by monarchs.

It is most accurate to say that the Neolithic Revolution occurred

gradually, and over thousands of years.

Magna carta

great charter of rights; king john forced to sign

bishopric

group of christian communities under authority of bishop

stateless societies

group of inderpendent villages organized into clans

varnas

group of people believed to be ideal social structure of 4 groups

In Athenian society, women

had a male guardian

After three years of preaching his beliefs to the people of the city of his birth, Muhammad

had only 30 followers

hinduism

had origins in religious beliefs of Aryans

stoicism

happiness by only inner peace by living in harmony eith will of God

epicureanism

happiness is chief goal in life; pursuit of pleasure

how was the persian emperor Cyrus different from the Assyrian emperors?

he has a rep for being merciful and respected to other civilizations.

King Philip of France challenged the pope's supremacy because

he wanted to be able to collect taxes from the clergy.

abbess

head of convent

patriarch

head of eastern orthodox church

daimyo

head of noble fams in japan who controlled vast landed estates and relied on samurai for protection

The new Greek military system, based on the use of hoplites, involved

heavily armed footsoldiers who marched into battle in tight formations, carrying large shields to protect them from the enemy.

The religious beliefs of the Israelites were written down in

hebrew bible

What helped the Kushites establish a successful trading empire?

heir land had good supplies of iron ore, which they made into tools and weapons for sale abroad.

Trade with other lands affected the Minoans by

helping them to improve the design and techniques of the goods they produced.

Many faithful Church followers felt that the harsh methods of the Inquisition were justified in order to save the souls of

heretics

The chanson de geste form is also known as

heroic epic

vizier

high gov official in ancient egypt or in muslim countries

Sargon's power came primarily from _______

his military strength

What was the chief form of literature in the Han dynasty?

histories

The type of hominid that most closely resembles modern humans is

homo sapiens

Which of the hominids exhibited rapid brain growth and mastered fire?

homo sapiens

anti-semitism

hostility towards jews

Before Muhammad, most early Arab tribes worshipped ______________ in Makkah.

huge black meteor

Which of the following developed because most Indians could not relate to the idea of Brahman?

human like gods

Which country was a part of the Hapsburg empire?

hungary

oracle

in greece, sacred shrine

serf

in medieval europe, a peasant legally bound to land who had to provide labor services, pay rents and be subject to lords control

manor

in medieval europe, an agricultural estate that aa lord ran and peasants worked

What happened to the population of China during the Han dynasty?

increased fast

The economic power of the Italian states led to

increased political power

What did Desiderius Erasmus think was most important about religion?

inner piety

What was the outcome of the Gracchus's plan?

instability

humanism

intellectual movement of renai based on study of humanities

Feudalism arose in response to

internal division and external threats

buddhism

introduced by siddartha gautama

What sparked the First Punic War?

invasion of Sicily

The people of Ghana prospered largely because of their

iron ore

The Torah contains the fundamental principles of the

israelites

The Sophist philosophers argued that

it wasn't possible for humans to understand the universe, so they should work to improve themselves as individuals.

The Czech reformer who was burned at the stake for heresy was named

john hus

Hijrah

journey of Muhammad and his followers to Madinah

In early civilizations, writing was most commonly used for

keeping records

In what city was a huge palace built from cut coral?

kilwa

Which ruler established the Yuan Dynasty?

kublai khan

Which of the following contributed to Rome's expansion?

large fertile plains

shari'ah

law code for every day life for muslims

Sunni Ali spent much of his reign

leading armies to conquer new territories.

The Greeks spread their culture throughout the ancient world by

leaving their homeland to establish distant colonies with good prospects in farming and trading.

A popular philosophy developed in China toward the end of the Zhou dynasty; it proposes that human beings are evil by nature and can be brought to the correct payh only by harsh laws

legalism

Women in the Middle Ages could

legally own property

philosophy

love of wisdom

what was the first Protestant religion?

lutheranism

Food surpluses in the Neolithic village of Çatalhüyük

made it possible for people to do things other than farming.

To help control his large empire, the Akkadian emperor Sargon made

made the former rulers of the city-states he conquered into governors.

Which of the following describes the role of the paterfamilias?

male head of house

A key economic development during the period between the Sui and Song dynasties was

manufacturing growth

relating to; suited for, war or warrior

martial

What was the title of the chief officers in the Frankish kings' household?

mayors of palace

Thermoluminescence determines an object's age by

measuring light given off by electrons.

scholasticism

mediecal philosophical sys that tried to reconcile faith and reason

According to Siddhārtha Gautama, a person can reach enlightenment through

meditation

Four types of yogas which Hindus practice to achieve spiritual union are the path of knowledge, the path of love, the path of work, and the path of

meditation

burgher

member of the middle class who lived in city or town

The Black Death was brought to Europe in 1347 by

merchant ships

In Egyptian society, merchants, artisans, scribes, and tax collectors were members of

mid class

crusades

military expeditions to regain holy land from Muslims

What kind of government did the Roman Empire have under the Severan rulers?

military gov

During the Shang dynasty, the king ruled from Anyang, the capital city, and the territories were governed by

military leaders

Who established the first military government known as a shogunate?

minamato

This civilization, though not Greek, influenced the peoples of the Greek mainland.

minoans

The chief instrument that Gregory the Great used to convert non-Christian Germanic people was _____________.

monastic movement

Which of the following statements about wergild is true?

money for a man

After almost 300 years of domination, Czar Ivan III freed Russia from the control of the

mongols

A seasonal wind pattern in southern Asia that brings significant rainfall to the Indian subcontinent is

monsoon

Archaeologists studying ancient civilizations in the Indus Valley have found the remains of

more than 1,000 settlements.

Christian humanism

movement developed in N europe during renai combining classical learning and indicidualism with goal of reforming catholic church

sunni

muslim group that accepts only descendants of the Umayyds as true rulers of Islam

shia

muslim group that accepts only desscendants of muhammad's son in law Ali as true rulers of Islam

Romans associated the Law of Nations with

natural, or universal law.

Following the Hundred Years' War, many of the states weakened by the fighting began to recover, and historians sometimes call these reestablished governments

new monarchies

bedouin

nomadic arab who lives in arabian,syrian or north african deserts

Having sufficient food brought an end to

nomadic ways of life

having sufficient food brought an end to _____

nomadic ways of life

In the wake of the Arab conquest, Islam swept across

northern africa

According to the eightfold path, right action requires followers of Buddhism

not to kill steal lie be unchaste or consume alcohol or drugs

According to Confucius, what is the duty of a wife to a husband?

obedience

Aristotle's approach to philosophy was to

observation

a dark natural glass stone formed by lava:

obsidian

caliphate

office of caliph

procurator

official in charge of province in roman empire

praetor

official of roman republic in charge of enforcing civil law

heretic

one who does not conform to established doctrine

agora

open area for gathering place and market

One of the Four noble truths is that

ordinary life is full of suffering

Paleolithic people moved from place to place following animal migrations and ___________-

other food sources

fresco

painting done on wet plaster with water based paints

Many people thought the popes should live in Rome because

part of a pope's job was to serve as the bishop of Rome.

censorate

part of chinese bereaucracy that made sure gov officials were doing their jobs

A society in which men hold the greatest control in both private abd political sphere is known as _____

patriarchy

In a medieval city, which class generally were the only ones to hold public office?

patricians

the period of peace beginning in the 2nd century was called

pax romana

During the Shang dynasty, the king ruled from Anyang, the capital city, and the territories were governed by

peasants

scholar gentry

people that controlled land and produced most candidates for civil service(china)

Age of Pericles

pericles dominated athenian politics and athens reached height of its power

creole

person of european descent born in latin america and living there permanently

mestizo

person of mixed euro and native american descent

mulatto

person of muxed african and euro descent

In The Canterbury Tales, what activity are all the storytellers doing together?

pilgrimage

hajj

pilgrimage to makkah

What most seriously weakened the Athenians during the Peloponnesian War?

plague

The 2 orders of Roman society were known as the

plebians and patricians

The two orders of Roman society were known as the

plebians and patricians

The literary art that reached its height beginning in the Tang dynasty was

poetry

feudalism

political and social order that developed during middle ages whhen royal govs were no longer able to defend their subjects; nobles offered protection and land in return for service

absolutism

political sys in which ruler holds total power

the Mesopotamian religion,which is identified nearly 3k gods and goddesses can be described as ______

polytheistic

The Investiture Controversy was a power struggle between King Henry IV of Germany and

pope gregory XII

Egyptian artists and sculptors

portrayed the human body in profile, semi-profile, and from the front.

The Mycenaean civilization was ruled by

powerful monarchies

lay investure

practice by which secular rulers both chose nominees to church offices and gave them the symbols of their office

substinence farming

practice of growing enough crops for personal use

John Calvin believed in

predestination

The Nazca culture is known for

preserving some elements of the Chavin culture.

In addition to kings, who had great political power in Sumeria?

priests and priestesses

The new religious ideas of the Reformation spread quickly due to

printing press

justification

process of being deemed worthy of salvation by God

In china, sons were expected to

provide for their parents.

What was Jesus' mission as he traveled and preached in Judaea and Galilee?

provide the salvation that God had promised to Isreal throughout its history.

Trajan created new social programs, including one that

provided funds to the poor.

The river valleys of Mesopotamia not only supported agriculture. They also

provided transport and encouraged trade.

satrapy

provinces that darius dib persian empire

What happened to books that presented ideas that were not the official view of the Qin dynasty?

publically burned

Cromwell:

puritan

At the height of their prosperity, the Kushites buried their kings in

pyramids

Which group was one of the first to condemn the enslaving of Africans?

quakers

arete

qualitiees of excellence of a hero

pastoral nomad

raise livestock, and they move about within their established territory to find good pastures for their animals.

Among those who struck back at the invaders from the northwest were the

rajputs

According to the compromise reached in the Concordat of Worms, a German bishop

received symbols of his earthly office from the king and symbols of his spiritual office from the pope's representative.

A unique change that occurred during the Tang dynasty was

redistribution of land from the wealthy to the poor.

indulgence

reducing time in purgatory after death

the gov in power

regine

laity

regular church members

Both Hindus and Buddhists believe in

reincarnation

Wealth and economic power in Sumer was dictated mainly by

religion

Olmec cities such as San Lorenzo had pyramids and other stone monuments and were centers for

religious rituals

Which of the following was a major factor in European expansion?

religious zeal

The revival of trade in the Europe led to

repopulation

parliament

representative gov that emerged; composed of 2 knights from every county, 2 people from every town and all nobles and bishops

ephor

responsible for edu of youth and conduct of citizens

neo-confucianism

revised form of confucianism that evolved as a response to buddhism

The Carolingian Renaissance was____________.

revival of learning and culture

How do we define and learn about prehistory

rf to test 1...

eightfold path:

right view right intention right speech right action right livelihood right effort right mindfulness right concentration

a ceremony consisting og a series of prescribed actions performed in a certain order:

ritual

what geographic barriers encouraged the development of separate, distinct cultures in Southeast Asia?

rivers and mountains

insulae

roman apartment blocks constructed of concretewith wooden beam floors

plebian

roman republic; minor landowners ,craftspeople, merchants and small farmers

Which baroque artist's paintings richly showed the human form in action?

rubens

oligarchy

rule of a few; opposite of democracy

sheikh

ruler of arabic tribe chosen by leading fam by council of elders

boyar

russian noble

shinto

sacred way; japanese state religion

Lutheranism

salvation can be achieved by faith alone

In the persian empire, a system of well- maintained roads connected the various provinces also known as

satrapies

Mahayana

school of buddhism stressing that nirvana can be reached by devotion to buddha; buddha is a divine fig.

zen

sect of buddhism; part of samurais code

Siddhārtha Gautama left his wife and family because he wanted to

seek a cure for human suffering and find the meaning of life.

The local rulers of Mali

sent tax revenues to king

the pharaoh Hatshepsut first gained power by ______

serving as a regent for her stepson Thutmosis 3.

mercantilism

set of principles that dominated econ thought; it held that prosperity of a nation depended on gold and silver

The extensive trade carried on by the Arabs utilized

ships and camels

With the support of the Chinese Tang dynasty, the Korean peninsula came to be ruled by the

silla

Which geographic factor contributed most to the rich soil of Mesopotamia?

silt

caravel

small fast ship that had large cargo

patrician

social class of wealthy landowners; ruling class in roman republic

estate

social or political class

mercenary

soldier that fights mostly for pay

Why did free peasants suffer during the Han dynasty?

space

peninsulare

spanish official that resided temporarily in latin america for political and econ gain and then returned to europe

What was one result of Mahmud's invasion of Hindu kingdoms?

spread of islam

According to Aristotle, to whom did a citizen of a polis belong?

state

In African society, a griot was always a

storyteller

Though the Inca did not have a writing system, they kept records with

string

jihad

struggle in the way of God

The humanist movement of the Renaissance was based on

study of classics

theology

study of religion

caliph

successor of Muhammad as spiritual and temporal leader of muslims

`The lowest varna in Indian society comprised of peasants or servants is the

sudras

cavaliers

supporters of king charles 1 in english civil war

roundheads

supporters of parliament

Daoism

system of ideas based on teachings of Laozi; will of heaven is best followed through inaction for nature instead

Tiberius and Gaius Gracchus attempted to help the landless poor by

taking back land from large landowners.

Lope de Vega was Spain's most ____ playwright of the golden age of Spanish literature.

talented and prollific

ostracism

temporarily banning ambitious politicians by vote

Buddhists believe that

that all human beings can reach nirvana as a result of their behavior in this life.

Siddartha Gautama came to be known as

the "Enlightened one"

Luther finally broke with the Catholic Church because

the Catholic Church insisted that he change his belief about faith alone.

from who did the Kushans adapt the alphabet

the Greeks

The Greek city-states finally lost their independence when

the Greeks were defeated by the Macedonians, under the leadership of Philip II

How did the Mid kingdom end?

the Hyksos invaded Egypt.

A government bureaucracy developed in Egypt A.during

the Old Kingdom.

The Treaty of Tordesillas in 1494 gave Spain control of almost all of

the americas

Until the Investiture Controversy challenged the practice, people usually became Church officials by

the appointment of the ruler of the country.

It can be inferred that Parliament designed the English Bill of Rights because

the bill gave important powers to Parliament.

he moderate climate of ancient India allowed the area to earn a reputation as

the cradle of civilization.

One factor which made it possible for people to settle in the dense jungle along the Ganges River was

the creation of the iron plow.

Musims believe that

the final revelations of Allah were given to Muhammad.

To whom did Marius's landless military recruits swear an oath?

the generaal

The Augustan Age is generally considered

the golden age of Latin literature.

aristocracy

the highest class in certain societies, especially those holding hereditary titles or offices.

Lords granted rights and freedoms to artisans and merchants in towns because

the lords made money from the sale of rights.

paterfamilias

the male head of a family or household.

vedas

the most ancient Hindu scriptures, written in early Sanskrit and containing hymns, philosophy, and guidance on ritual for the priests of Vedic religion

When the emperor Darius conquered Thrace,

the name of the prophet whose teachings are recorded in the sacred book of the religion.

The Swahili language arose as a result of trade between

the people of Arab lands and Bantus

The Paleolithic Age is

the period in which humans used simple stone tools.

Thomas à Becket's death represents

the power struggle of the English monarchy against the Church.

the phrase "an eye for an eye" sums up a concept known as_____________

the principle of retalliation

The Third Crusade began in response to

the seizure of Jerusalem by Muslim forces led by Saladin.

The Zoroastrians believe that

the supreme god, Ahuramazda, is a good spirit who is opposed by an evil spirit, Ahriman.

Which of the following elements of the Qin dynasty did the Han dynasty retain?

the three ministries of the central government

bushido

the way off the warrior(code for samurai)

What was one important advantage the Hyksos had over the Egytians in battle?

they rode in horse drawn chariots

Who supported the efforts of the Greek tyrants to control the city-states?

those who had used their skills in trade and industry to become wealthy

The invader who raided Delhi, massacred thousands there, and threatened the Indian subcontinent was

timur lenk

Why was a shogunate created?

to end civil war, defeat rivals, and create a powerful central government

What was the mission of the Delian League?

to liberate all Greek states that remained under Persian control

The Egyptian pyramids were

tombs for pharaohs

confucianism

toward the end of the Zhou dynasty founded by confucius; intended to help restore a society that was confused

minaret

tower of a mosque from which the muezzin calls tge faithful to prayer 5 times a day

What was the pattern of trade that connected Europe, Africa, and the American continents called?

triangular trade

Saint Thomas Aquinas argued that

truths cannot conflict, whether they are determined through rational methods or by faith

Charlemagne established the missi dominici, who were _________.

two men sent to local districts to ensure that the counts carried out the king's orders

In Indian society, a person's caste determined

type of job and marriage

vassal

under feudalism, a man who served a lord in military capacity

fief

under feudalism, grant of land to a vassal

At the turn of the 5th century B.C., Greek city-colonies in Asia Minor

united to defeat the Persian invaders.

Greek tragedies dealt with

universal themes

feudal contract

unwritten rules that determined relationship between a lord and his vassal

Homo Erectus means

upright human

What did encomiendas allow Spanish settlers to do?

use Native Americans as laborers

When the Assyrian army approached an enemy city, it would most likely

use battering rams and siege towers to destroy the walls surrounding the city

When an Assyrian army approached an enemy city, it would most likely

use battering rams and siege towers to destroy the walls surrounding the city.

Aśoka, the greatest ruler in Indian history, used what ideals?

used Buddhist ideals to guide his rule

Asoka the greatest ruler in Indian history

used buddhist ideals to guide his rule

perspective

used for the 3d effect

In 630, most of the people of Makkah converted to Islam when Muhammad

used military force

General Mu'āwiyah became known for

using force only when needed

chanson de geste

vernacular lit. heroic epic

An achievement of Sumerian culture was the deveopment of the

wagon wheel

phalanx

wall of shields from foot soldiers in a rectangular form

Aztec society was made up of nobles, indentured workers, slaves, and commoners, and it was ruled by a monarch who

was all powerful and claimed to be the descendant of gods.

During the Middle Kingdom, a pharaoh

was expected to build public works and provide for the public welfare.

The ability to make copper, bronze, and iron helped lead to

wealthier societies

In Egyptian society, members of the lower class

were forced to provide military service and labor

The early kings of Ghana

were not restricted by any laws.

Pictographs and ideographs were

were part of the ancient Chinese written language.

Maya rulers, such as the powerful Pacal,

were supported by a group of scribes and ruled over peasants and townspeople.

When did children become emancipated in Renaissance Italy?

when their father freed them

At its height, the Assyrian empire was ruled by kings

who claimed absolute power over their subjects.

Before the 600s, Buddhism in India was

widely accepted

Athenians produced ______, both for local use and export.

wine and olive oil

The Toltec were the first people in Mesoamerica to

work in gold, silver, and copper.

sanskrit

writing developed by aryans