World History Final Review

Which statements accurately describe Count Camillo de Cavour? Check all that apply. Cavour increased the church's influence in Italy. Cavour favored rapid industrial growth in Italy. Cavour opposed expelling Austria from Italy. Cavour led the expansion of Sardinia's influence. Cavour became the new king of Sardinia in 1852.

Cavour favored rapid industrial growth in Italy. Cavour led the expansion of Sardinia's influence.

The author who described the problems of industrialized England was . William Blake Charles Dickens Edgar Allan Poe Louis Pasteur

Charles Dickens

What was the main reason for poor living conditions in cities? Cities didn't care about the welfare of new workers. New workers could not adapt to living in city buildings. New workers did not clean up after themselves. Cities were not prepared for so many new workers.

Cities were not prepared for so many new workers.

The man known as "the father of the American Industrial Revolution" is Henry Ford. Samuel Slater. Thomas Edison. Francis Cabot Lowell.

Samuel Slater.

An economic theory that stresses government management of the production and distribution of goods is . Communism Socialism Capitalism Utopian

Socialism

The purpose of a spinning jenny was to increase the speed of textile production. streamline the production of cotton. produce more power to run machines. improve the quality of soil on farms.

increase the speed of textile production.

By paying low wages, factory owners were able to increase their profits in a competitive environment. avoid overcrowding and accidents on the factory floor. hire fewer workers to perform a variety of tasks. promise higher pay as an incentive to work harder.

increase their profits in a competitive environment.

An effect of the Industrial Revolution was that wages around the world varied. increased. decreased. stayed static.

increased

The shift toward mass production affected consumers by making goods less expensive. creating a greater variety of goods. creating fewer luxury goods. making goods that lasted longer.

making goods less expensive.

During the Industrial Revolution, who demanded reform? factory owners working class people professional people government officials

working class people

What was a main difference between French conservatives and liberals following the Congress of Vienna? The liberals believed in absolute monarchs. The liberals did not want an elected parliament. The liberals believed in personal freedom. The liberals wanted to eliminate government.

The liberals believed in personal freedom.

Eli Whitney invented the .

cotton gin

The group Young Italy advocated for European unity. a new Italian emperor. an end to nationalism. democratic rule.

democratic rule.

What is the best definition of the term "cottage industry"? a group of cottages that serves as a factory a group or community that starts an industry together people who leave their homes to work for industries people who produce goods out of their homes

people who produce goods out of their homes

Workers were attracted to industrial cities because they offered workers the chance to use their skills in new ways. they offered many cultural and educational opportunities. they offered workers the opportunity to earn higher wages. they offered better living conditions than rural farms.

they offered workers the opportunity to earn higher wages.

Napoleon III became emperor in 1830 1848 1850 1852

1852

As a result of the violent revolts in France in July 1830, Charles X gave up the throne and fled for Great Britain. agreed to increase the power of the monarchy. began to take the side of the conservatives. issued a proclamation supporting democracy.

gave up the throne and fled for Great Britain.

Workers competed for jobs in the model factory started by Robert Owen because he overpaid them. he built schools. he was famous. he guaranteed jobs.

he built schools.

New laws that were passed during the Industrial Revolution helped city residents by creating more jobs for industrial workers. giving children the option to attend school. improving the standard of living in cities. enabling people to move to the upper class.

improving the standard of living in cities.

James Watt played an important role in the Industrial Revolution by developing a process to make textiles efficiently. making steam engines a reliable power source. inventing the steamboat to carry goods and people. encouraging the growth of cottage industries.

making steam engines a reliable power source.

The Congress of Vienna led to revolts in France because it had a liberal agenda that angered the conservatives. it promoted elected parliaments that weakened the monarchy. many people objected to new territorial boundaries. many people did not want an absolute monarchy.

many people did not want an absolute monarchy.

After the French Revolution of 1791 and the Napoleonic Wars, European leaders' greatest goal was to restore peace and stability to Europe. punish Napoleon for his actions. help the Catholic Church regain power. unite Europe under one ruler.

restore peace and stability to Europe.

The group Young Italy formed because Italians were unhappy about unrest and rebellions. the spread of nationalism. the new king of Sardinia. rule by foreign nations.

rule by foreign nations.

Nationalism encouraged people with a shared identity to declare war on all those who did not share their beliefs. separate themselves from those who were unlike them. be open to other people's traditions, ideas, and beliefs. convince other people to share their common bonds.

separate themselves from those who were unlike them.

Women did not get the right to vote in Britain or in the United States until the 1890s. the 1920s. the 1930s. the 1960s.

the 1920s.

A major accomplishment of Britain's Reform Act of 1832 was that it gave voting rights to the middle class. all males. all citizens. former enslaved persons.

the middle class.

One goal of the Congress of Vienna was to restore power to the clergy. France. Napoleon. the monarchs.

the monarchs

Before the Agricultural Revolution, many people lived in rural areas because they could grow food on small areas of land. nearby farms produced plenty of food. they could grow crops quickly and efficiently. wealthy landowners gave them jobs on farms.

they could grow food on small areas of land.

As the 1800s progressed, demands for labor reform increased mainly because hiring practices were not standardized and were unfair. wages were not based on workers' experience. working conditions were horrible. firings were without cause.

working conditions were horrible

Which country was the first to industrialize on the continent of Europe? Germany Britain Italy Belgium

Belgium

Read the excerpt from a speech given by Otto von Bismarck in 1862. Germany is not looking to Prussia's liberalism, but to its power. . . . [I]t is not by speeches and majority resolutions that the great questions of the time are decided—that was the big mistake of 1848 and 1849—but by iron and blood. -Otto von Bismarck, Blood and Iron, 1862 What does this excerpt reinforce about Bismarck's political views? Bismarck believed in using force. Bismarck believed in democracy. Bismarck believed in reasoned debate. Bismarck was opposed to realpolitik.

Bismarck believed in using force.

During industrialization, what were the attitudes toward slavery? Calls for the abolition of slavery increased. Even more slaves were put to work in factories. Factory owners refused to use slaves as their workers. Runaway slaves were not prosecuted.

Calls for the abolition of slavery increased.

Which authors were known for their critical writing about the excesses and problems resulting from industrialization? Blake and Poe Blake and Twain Dickens and Twain Poe and Dickens

Dickens and Twain

Karl Marx developed the economic theory of socialism. capitalism. utopianism. communism.

communism.

Which best explains how a mixed economy addressed problems that arose from capitalism? Laissez-faire principles remained, but government passed laws promoting worker safety. Government interference continued, and new laws allowed workers to own companies. Supply and demand remained, and government took control of the means of production. Government regulation was minimal, but new laws protected workers and their standard of living.

Government regulation was minimal, but new laws protected workers and their standard of living.

How did the Revolutions of 1848 benefit Louis Napoleon? He proved he was a valuable ally to the revolutionaries. He proved he was a supporter of civil liberties. He was able to seize power and promise change. He was able to assume power and quietly take control.

He was able to seize power and promise change.

The assembly line was perfected by . Henry Ford Charles Dickens William Blake Jonas Salk

Henry Ford

What role did crop rotation play in the Agricultural Revolution? It enabled farmers to plant many new types of crops. It allowed farmers to share crops with one another. It introduced new machines to plant and harvest crops. It helped restore nutrients to the soil so crops grew better.

It helped restore nutrients to the soil so crops grew better.

What was one way the passage of the Factory Acts (1844-1847) affected labor? Labor's work hours were limited. Labor won the right to unionize. Labor could no longer strike. Labor earned yearly vacation time.

Labor's work hours were limited.

Who was instrumental in leading the movement for child labor reform? Lewis Hine William Wilberforce Parliament Congress

Lewis Hine

What was a major difference between Charles X and Louis Philippe? Louis Philippe was liberal. Louis Philippe believed in a monarchy. Louis Philippe was against reform. Louis Philippe was conservative.

Louis Philippe was liberal.

What was the most important role textiles played in the Industrial Revolution? Mass-produced textiles meant that workers had more and better clothing. Industrialization of the textile industry led to more demand for cotton. Development of textile factories made domestic textile production obsolete. Machines invented to mass-produce textiles led to other inventions.

Machines invented to mass-produce textiles led to other inventions.

What was the biggest effect that new technology had on farm workers? Many workers lost their jobs. Most workers learned new skills. Most workers became more efficient. Many workers could earn more in less time.

Many workers lost their jobs.

Which of these statements describe life after the Agricultural Revolution? Check all that apply. Most farmland was controlled by the wealthy. People moved to cities to find work. Farms produced fewer crops. More people lived and worked in rural areas. Landowners put enclosures around land.

Most farmland was controlled by the wealthy. People moved to cities to find work. Landowners put enclosures around land.

In a nation-state, what role does shared religion play? Most people share the same religion. Most leaders outlaw religion. Few people share the same religion. Few leaders care about religion.

Most people share the same religion.

An important development or discovery in science and medicine due to industrialization was Salk's development of a vaccine that could prevent polio. Pasteur's discovery that disease is spread by bacteria. Curie's development of the process of pasteurization. Jenner's discovery of a medium for growing and identifying bacteria.

Pasteur's discovery that disease is spread by bacteria.

What is the most likely reason the revolt against Louis Philippe led to other revolts across Europe? People in other parts of Europe were opposed to Louis Philippe. People in other parts of Europe wanted more power for the monarchy. People in other parts of Europe wanted more say in their government. People in other parts of Europe were opposed to liberal views.

People in other parts of Europe wanted more say in their government.

What was going on in Europe that most likely influenced the reform movements of the 1800s? Governments were slow to act. Populations were increasing rapidly. Revolutions were spreading across Europe. Populations were decreasing as a result of emigration.

Revolutions were spreading across Europe.

According to Karl Marx, the economic ideas behind socialism would lead to a communist revolution. socialist revolution. capitalist revolution. utopian revolution.

communist revolution.

The three main ideas behind capitalism as defined by Adam Smith are free markets, laissez-faire, and fair taxes. competition, self interest, and laissez-faire. laissez-faire, regulation, and self interest. competition, free markets, and trade limits.

competition, self interest, and laissez-faire.

Which describes the connection between a mechanical loom and a cotton gin? The gin was invented first to increase textile production, and then the loom produced more cotton. The loom and the gin were invented at the same time to improve textile production. The loom and the gin were invented at the same time to improve cotton production. The loom was invented first to increase textile production, and then the gin produced more cotton.

The loom was invented first to increase textile production, and then the gin produced more cotton.

After Germany's unification in 1871, industrialization accelerated and surpassed the US becoming first in steel production. industrialization continued mainly in the west. workers for industrial jobs were difficult to find. constructed vast networks of railroads.

constructed vast networks of railroads.

What did factory owners do to prevent unions from forming? They paid off union leaders so they would stay away. They had union leaders arrested for no cause. They only hired workers who promised they would not join a union. They used force to end union activities.

They used force to end union activities.

Who is regarded as one of the greatest inventors in history? William Wordsworth Thomas Edison. Andrew Carnegie. Charles Dickens.

Thomas Edison.

This excerpt by British physician John Griscom was written in 1842. By providing the laboring classes with better tenements, improved ventilation, and healthy and cleanly arrangements in respect to yards, sinks and sewerage, they will certainly suffer less from sickness and premature mortality, and a vast amount of pauperism, crime, and wretchedness be prevented . . . What is the most likely reason Griscom connected crime to poor living conditions? People who were likely to die young did not worry about the consequences of criminal acts. Living in unsanitary conditions often made people lose their sense of right and wrong. Unhealthy people who could not earn a living were more likely to commit crimes. Being a member of the laboring classes made people more prone to criminal behavior.

Unhealthy people who could not earn a living were more likely to commit crimes.

What is the most likely reason Bismarck was named chancellor when King Wilhelm I became kaiser of Germany? Wilhelm wanted to reward Bismarck, who was largely responsible for German unification. Wilhelm did not want Bismarck to have as much power as he had when he was prime minister. Wilhelm feared Bismarck would turn against Germany if he did not receive a position of power in the new government. Wilhelm knew Bismarck was popular with both liberals and conservatives, which would help unite the empire.

Wilhelm wanted to reward Bismarck, who was largely responsible for German unification.

What is Andrew Carnegie most well known for? mechanizing every stage of textile production creating the largest, most powerful companies the world had seen founding one of the world's first modern research laboratories patenting more than one thousand inventions

creating the largest, most powerful companies the world had seen

As economic theories, socialism and communism sought to encourage private ownership of businesses. even out inequalities of wealth. encourage little government oversight. build housing and schools for workers.

even out inequalities of wealth.

During industrialization, which led to an exploration of new economic theories? a war between socialists and capitalists a gap between rich and poor the seizure of property by the government the fight to control businesses by individuals

a gap between rich and poor

Which is an example of a cultural bond found in a nation-state? a holiday tradition a common religion a favorite place a shared ancestry

a holiday tradition

The middle class that emerged during the Industrial Revolution consisted mainly of working class people who got factory jobs. a mix of government officials and skilled workers. wealthy people who owned factories and businesses. a mix of working class and upper-class workers.

a mix of government officials and skilled workers.

What were the two main reasons workers formed unions? as a form of social protest and to protect themselves from poor work conditions for a social group and to protect themselves from poor work conditions for a social group and to strike if they didn't get what they wanted as a form of social protest and to strike if they didn't get what they wanted

as a form of social protest and to protect themselves from poor work conditions

What moderate reforms did European socialists support? Check all that apply. assistance for the poor working class revolution better working conditions lack of protections for unions minimum wage laws lack of regulation for prices

assistance for the poor better working conditions minimum wage laws

Otto von Bismarck was appointed of Germany by King Wilhelm I in 1871. Chancellor Kaiser religious leader king

chancellor

What would be labor's first step in solving labor problems and effecting change? striking collective bargaining protest marching joining a union

collective bargaining

An economic theory that calls for workers to take control of factories is . Communism Socialism Capitalism Utopianism

communism