World History Test 1 Chapter 12 (part 2)

What was the set of complex interactions that connected African labor, American land and mineral resources, and European technology and military power?

Atlantic System

What were the two major powers that Spain conquered int the Americas?

Aztec and Inca

Which statement best describes the Aztec Empire in the early 16th century, as Cortes would have encountered it upon his arrival?

Though the Aztec Empire dominated much of Mesoamerica, it constantly struggled with internal rebellions.

T/F: Between 1492 and 1820, over 80 percent of the Afro-Eurasian settlers in the Americas were from Africa, brought to the Americas forcibly as slave labor. During that same time, less than 20 percent of Afro-Eurasian settlers were from Europe.

True

Portuguese mariners used a number of technologies to enter and gain control of Indian Ocean trade routes. What technologies did hey use?

caravels, astrolabes and compasses, and gunpowder and cannons

The amount of gold and silver Spain took in its conquest of the Aztecs and the Inca was worth ________ of the value of all of the gold accumulated in Europe over the previous several centuries.

more than 100 percent

What developments are closely associated with the production and export of the commodities in the Americas?

1) Brutal, forced labor of Africans or Amerindians 2) Funds for the Spanish to wage war with the Netherlands 3) New wealth for families of European descent who became powerful in the colonies 4) growth of the economics of Afro-Eurasia, especially China and India

What obstacles were 15th and 16th century European maritime explorers trying to overcome?

1) Ottoman control of overland trade routes in the eastern Mediterranean 2) Ottoman control of the Red Sea

In what ways did Protestant teachings challenge the existing social order?

1) Protestantism challenged the power of Southern Europe over Northern Europe. 2) Protestantism challenged the role of Catholic clergy, asserting the they were unnecessary. 3) Protestantism challenged the Catholic-backed hierarchy of feudalism.

What gov't policies led to increases in global trade interactions during the time period from 1450 to 1600?

1) The Ming gov't adopted silver as a means of paying taxes, thus increasing the demand for foreign silver. 2) The Ottoman gov't paid "protection money" to local chieftains to stop raids on the Silk Road. 3) The Ming gov't reconstructed the Grand Canal, linking Beijing and the lower Yangtze region.

Based on the excerpt from the Florentine Codex, what statement accurately describes the conquistadors?

1) They had cannons and wore iron armor. 2) They had dogs that barked or growled. 3) They were ethically diverse.

The text explains, "Whereas Aztec and Inca rulers had used conscripted labor to build up their public wealth, the Spaniards did so for private gain." What does this statement mean?

Aztec and Inca rulers required ppl to work on infrastructure projects, such as terraced farmland and irrigation canals. By contrast, Spaniards required villagers to mine gold and silver in order to increase their own personal wealth.

What do historians call the global transfer of plants, animals, people, and microorganisms that took place after Columbus's voyages?

The Columbian Exchange

Ming China was home to one-third of the global population in the mid-17th century, and its cities were rich and varied cultural hubs. How was this economic and cultural vibrancy related to growing European trade?

Europeans saw Chinese products as cultured and luxurious, and China's growing economy needed silver.

T/F: Portugal used the same system in both the Indian Ocean and Brazil: it took control of key port cities, taxed local merchants, took a cut of profits on items that moved through the port, and didn't interfere with the flow of goods.

False

T/F: The Ming official He Ao would have been surprised to hear about the Amerindians' negative experiences with Portuguese colonists.

False

T/F: This image was likely created by a Spanish conquistador; it shows that the Spaniards were powerful fighters who prevailed even though they were surrounded by their Axtec enemies.

False

Companies, like the English east India Company, generally wanted to be active in Asia, whereas religious organizations, like the Jesuits, avoided interacting with non-Europeans.

False; Jesuits set up missionaries all over the world.

T/F: The conquest of the Aztec Empire was exclusively a fight between the Aztecs and the Spaniards; the Spaniards won primarily because of their superior weaponry.

False; Spanish allied with Tlaxcalans

According to the text, silver from the Americas helped fuel the maritime trade and economic growth of two empires. Which two?

Ming China and Mughal Empire

What statement most accurately interprets the predictions of Columbus and Cabral about the Americas?

Spanish and Portuguese explorers believed to be filled with easy-to-obtain wealth and easy-to-conquer ppl.

The text describes the new English East India Company, which entered the Asian marketplace in 1599. How was this trading venture funded, and why were its supporters willing to finance it?

The English East India Company was owned by 101 shareholders who liked the fact that the English gov't allowed only their company to import goods from Asia into England.

What religious movement was based on the ideas of Martin Luther and Jean Calvin?

The Protestant Reformation

What statement most accurately characterizes labor practices in early colonial Spanish America?

The Spanish settlers of the Americas adopted existing Inca labor-conscription practices but modified them in horrific ways that radically increased worker mortality.

The image of _____ depicts one of the ways in which ________ supported infrastructure that _______ the caravan trade.

a caravanserai ; the Ottoman gov't; encoraged

According to the Florentine Codex, Moctezuma took several different approaches to the Spaniards. He sent them ______ in case they were hungry. He also sent captives in case the Spaniards wanted __________. And lastly, he sent along ______ to see if he could make the Spaniards sick or return home. In other words, he tried to placate the, while also testing the extent their power.

turkeys, eggs, and tortillas; to drink their blood; witches