World Literature Unit 9-12 Review A Beka Book

A Prayer in Spring (Quote)

Oh, give us pleasure in the flowers today; And give us not to think so far away as the uncertain harvest; keep us here all simply in the springing of the year.

Kon Tiki

On April 28, 1947, a raft of balsa logs left the port of Callao Harbor, Peru. On it were six men: Thor Heyerdahl, the captain; Herman Watzinget, a young Norwegian engineer; Torstein Raaby and Knut Haughland, Norwegian adventurers; Erik Hesselberg, Heyerdahl's friend; and Bengt Danielson, a Swedish college professor. These men believed that the islands of Polynesia had been settled by the people of South America. They wanted to prove that it was possible to sail a raft 4,000 miles across the Pacific Ocean. Named Kon-Tiki after the legendary leader of the ancient migration, the little raft and its six inhabitants made scientific history.

Death be not Proud (Quote)

One short sleep past, we wake eternally, And death shall be no more; Death, thou shalt die.

The Silver Mine

Parson- Tells the story of the silver mine King Gustaf- King of Dalecarlia, asks for money Villagers of Dalecarlia- Tell the King to talk to the parson The carriage the King was in broke down on a Sunday wile driving through Dalecarlia. He goes to a church. Asks for money because he needs to protect his people from bad guys. They tell him to talk to the parson. He talks. The parson tells him the story of the silver mine where 5 people find a silver mine. And all but one died because of the mine. One sells his share and dies of heart break. One dies because he drank too much in celebration. One kills his brother because of the mine and then is hung. The last man is still alive and the parson knows where he is. The King didn't want to go after the parson because the mine would bring death on the Kings town.

Socrates Death

Phaedo- One who gives his recount of Socrat's death In this dialogue by Plato, Phaedo gives his eyewitness account of Socrates' death to his friend, Echecrates.

Alexander

Philip- Alexander's dad Alexander- main character, great warrior Aristotle- Teaches Alex Alex was supposed to be invincible. He took over a big batch of enemies at sixteen. Great King. Died at 23. Trained Bucephalus.

Rising action

Second action in a five-action play. Consists of all the events that advance and complicate the action until it escalates to the climax or crisis where the action changes its course.

Plutarch

"Alexander" and Father of the autobiography

Sophocles

"Antigone" and wrote Greek drama

Plato

"Socrates' Death" and "Two Images from The Republic" and Aristotle's teacher

Homer

"The Death of Hector" and "The Return of Odysseus" "The Iliad" is a blind poet

The Silver Mine (Quote)

"The kingdom is better served with men than with money," remarked the King.

Two Ancient Indian Fabels (Quote)

And yet,' said the mayna, 'we are from one nest. Only he has learned to talk like his master; I like mine.'

Antigone

Antigone and Ismene- daughters of Oedipus, former king of Thebes. Creon- king of Thebes; uncle of Antigone and Ismene Eurydice- Creon's wife Haemon- Creon's son, engaged to Antigone Teiresias- a blind prophet Messenger Chorus- about fifteen elders of Thebes Upon her arrival in Thebes, Antigone learns that both of her brothers are dead. Eteocles has been given a proper burial, but Creon, Antigone's uncle who has inherited the throne, has issued a royal edict banning the burial of Polyneices, who he believes was a traitor. Antigone defies the law, buries her brother, and is caught. When Creon locks her away in prison, she kills herself. Meanwhile, not realizing Antigone has taken her own life, the blind prophet Teiresias, Creon's son and Antigone's fiancé Haemon, and the Chorus plead with Creon to release her. Creon finally relents, but in an instance of too-late-timing, finds her dead in her jail cell. Out of despair, Haemon and Creon's wife have by now also killed themselves, and Creon is left in distress and sorrow.

The Search for Everlasting Life

Giglgamesh- Main character, looking for everlasting life because his best friend Enkidu- Died and is the reason for Gilgamesh's looking Utnapishtim- Represents Noah, helps Gilgamesh Utnapishtim's wife- Tells Gilgamesh where to go to get the flower for eternal life Urshanabi- Ferryman, guides Gilgamesh to Utnapishtim's place Gilgamesh travels to find everlasting life because his friend Enkidu had died. He goes and finds Siduri (Goddess of wine) she tells him to go to Utnapishtim. He finds the ferryman to go to Utnapishtim. Utnapishtim tells him so sleep so he does. Utnapishtim's wife places bread loves each day. When Gilgamesh wakes up the wife tells him to look at the bread. The older bread is moldy and the new bread is fresh and warm. This represents Gilgamesh. The wife tells him to find the flower for everlasting life. He finds it but it's stolen by a serpent. Gilgamesh goes home and dies.

The Death of Hector

Hector- Trojan hero Achilles- Fighting Hector Zeus- Greek god, tries to help but Athena- Makes Zeus stop from helping Andromache- Hector's wife King Priam and Queen Hecuba- Hector's parents Hector now stands as the only Trojan left outside Troy. Priam, overlooking the battlefield from the Trojan ramparts, begs him to come inside, but Hector, having given the overconfident order for the Trojans to camp outside their gates the night before, now feels too ashamed to join them in their retreat. When Achilles finally returns from chasing Apollo (disguised as Agenor), Hector confronts him. At first, the mighty Trojan considers trying to negotiate with Achilles, but he soon realizes the hopelessness of his cause and flees. He runs around the city three times, with Achilles at his heels. Zeus considers saving Hector, but Athena persuades him that the mortal's time has come. Zeus places Hector's and Achilles' respective fates on a golden scale, and, indeed, Hector's sinks to the ground. During Hector's fourth circle around the city walls, Athena appears before him, disguised as his ally Deiphobus, and convinces him that together they can take Achilles. Hector stops running and turns to face his opponent. He and Achilles exchange spear throws, but neither scores a hit. Hector turns to Deiphobus to ask him for a lance; when he finds his friend gone, he realizes that the gods have betrayed him. In a desperate bid for glory, he charges Achilles. However, he still wears Achilles' old armor—stolen from Patroclus's dead body—and Achilles knows the armor's weak points intimately. With a perfectly timed thrust he puts his spear through Hector's throat. Near death, Hector pleads with Achilles to return his body to the Trojans for burial, but Achilles resolves to let the dogs and scavenger birds maul the Trojan hero. The other Achaeans gather round and exultantly stab Hector's corpse. Achilles ties Hector's body to the back of his chariot and drags it through the dirt. Meanwhile, up above on the city's walls, King Priam and Queen Hecuba witness the devastation of their son's body and wail with grief. Andromache hears them from her chamber and runs outside. When she sees her husband's corpse being dragged through the dirt, she too collapses and weeps.

God Speaks to Job

Job- Faith is tested God- God Satan- Satan Jobs faith is tested by satan. God allows it. Satan kills his family. And does everything but kill job. Job remains faithful to God. Job is the oldest book in the bible.

The Return of Odysseus

Odysseus- Main character, father of Telemachus and husband to Penelope Telemachus- Odysseus's son Penelope- Odysseus's wife and Telemachus's mother Eumaeus- Odysseus's herdsman After many . . . adventures, a terrible storm wrecks Odysseus' ship and only he is saved. He finally returns to Ithaca after being gone for twenty years. The goddess Athene warns him not to go directly home as he may be murdered, for in his absence powerful suitors have taken advantage of Odysseus by eating at his table and even plotting to kill Odysseus' son Telemachus. Meanwhile, Athene advises Telemachus, who has left home to search for his father, to return home. Odysseus, disguised as an old beggar, seeks shelter with Eumaeus, his faithful herdsman, who does not recognize him. Telemachus also returns and stops just at Eumaeus' hut. Odysseus finally returns home after twenty years, and must be careful, because his wife's suitors are vying for her attention and are sick of waiting for her to make a decision. With the help of his faithful servant and his now grown son, Telemachus (after stringing the bow none of them could do), he kills his wife's unwelcome suitors, and is happily reunited with his faithful wife after the ten year Trojan war and another ten years of wandering.

Fable

A brief anecdote told in a simple, direct style in prose or verse, describing a single incident and designed to teach a moral, usually by using animals as characters.

Elegy

A short poem written in pairs of unrhymed lines, often on themes of war, love, or death and also used for epitaphs in which the dead speak in the first person.

Tragic flaw

A weakness or defect which along with fate helps to bring about his downfall.

Two Ancient Indian Fabels

A yogi told a Brahmin he was going to heaven. The Brahmin asked the yogi to tell God to change his mother into a pig. The second story is how one bird talked bad like its master but a different bird talked nice like his master. The master gives an impression on the birds.

Two Images from the Republic

Socrate- talks to people in the story Adiemantus- listens to Socrates Glaucon- listens to Socrates This is a story where Socrates just talks to people about education and society as a whole.Plato's Republic tells the truth about pagan society—the gods who support it are not real. This kind of truth would destroy a society built on a foundation of merely human authority, and thus Plato saw a real contradiction between truth and society.The world is like a ship without a pilot, Plato said. The sailors, who have never studied naviga-tion, reject the true pilot, the philosopher, who is wise about the heavens and thus skilled in naviga-tion. By persuasion or force they attempt to get the shipowner to let them command.Or, the world is like a dark cave inhabited by prisoners who spend their lives playing games about shadows on the wall. The philosopher is taken from the cave up into the world of reality. When he goes back to the cave dwellers to tell them the truth about things, they try to kill him.In order to have a perfectly just society, Plato teaches that philosophers would have to rule. But they would never rule unless they were compelled to rule, and since the city does not want them to rule, it would never compel them to rule. Thus phil osophers could never rule and there is no chance for truth and society to be reconciled. In the end, Plato makes up his own myth about the after-life (the myth of Er) in a final attempt to establish some place for philoso phy in society. In doing this, he shows us that even if philosophers did rule, truth would not reign.

Inciting force

Something that interrupts a static situation often in the form of a new character.

Dialogue

The conversations between two or more characters, or all the speeches of the play taken collectively.

Orchestra

The stage where the action was performed, in Greek theatre.

The Dying Christian to His Soul (Quote)

Vital spark of heavenly flame! Quit, oh quit this mortal frame:

What is So Rare a Day in June (Quote)

We may shut our eyes, but we cannot help knowing that skies are clear and grass is growing.