World War II Test Review

Militarism

When people glorify military power and values. An example is when the Japanese military increased it's power.

Totalitarianism

When the government controls everything. This includes society and the economy. In the Soviet Union, Stalin created a totalitarianism dictatorship.

Germany invades Czechoslovakia

Great Britain and France are upset that Germany broke the Munich Pact, they warn that further action will trigger war.

Germany attacks Poland

Great Britain and France declare war on Germany.

Executive Order 9066

A US executive order signed in WWII by President Roosevelt on Feb. 19, 1942. It authorized the Sec. of War to set up military zones/ Japanese Camps.

Fascism

A political movement based on extreme nationalism. This is when a state comes first and individual liberty is second. Mussolini took this approach in Italy.

Korematsu v United States

A supreme Court Case concerning the Executive Order of 9066. Fred Korematsu thought it was unconstitutional to send Japanese Americans to internment camps. In a 6-3 decision, the U.S. government won.

Nazism

A type of facism that encouraged Germans to think they were better than every body. Germany tried to remove the other races including the Jewish.

Neutrality acts

Acts passed in 1936 and 1937, that were designed to keep the country out of conflicts that Europe was enduring.

Tuskegee Airmen

African American pilots who fought in WWII. Formed the 332nd Fighter Group and the 477th Bombardment Group of the U.S. Army Air Forces.

Philippines strategies and what happened in this area?

Americans and Filipinos resisted a fierce Japanese onslaught under General Douglas MacArthur. Japan completed its conquest of the Philippines. Japanese soldiers beat the American and Filipino soldiers as they marched 63 miles to the Bataan Peninsula to a prison camp. Approx. 7,000 soldiers died.

What kinds of opportunities and hardships did the war create for Americans at home and abroad?

Americans endured many hardships due to the war. The rationing of food and gas made it difficult for Americans to feed their families. The women raised children without the support of their husbands. Many of the women worked to help out with the war effort. They faced discrimination and did not get paid the same amount as men doing the same job. It was difficult because the women also had to keep up their family responsibilities. The job opportunities for minorities improved drastically during the war. Japanese Americans, African Americans, Jewish Americans and Mexican Americans were able to serve in the armed forces. Mexicans migrated from farms to work in industrial centers and made good money. The Tuskegee Airmen (black fighter pilots) became the first combat group. The Navy and Coast Guard admitted women to work in noncombat positions. The returning American soldiers were wounded physically, emotionally, and psychologically (post-traumatic stress syndrome).

Lend-Lease Act

An act passed in March of 1941. It's plan was to help out Britain. Roosevelt wanted to provide Britain "all aid short of war."

Germany attacks Britain

Caused the US to start sending aid to Britain under the Lend-Lease Act.

World Bank

Created in July of 1944. This is a financial bank group run by the United Nations that gives out loans to help poor countries. It was called "International Band for Reconstruction and Development" to help countries recover from war.

Germany invades Low Countries and France

France surrenders leaving Britain mostly alone to fight the Axis powers.

German Anschlus with Austria

GB and France are passive observers.

Where was is Adolf Hitler from?

Germany

Who was Benito Mussolini? What were 2-3 things he did?

He used Fascism which is a political movement based on extreme nationalism. With nationalism, the state is first, individual liberty second. He was very strongly against communism and democracy. Mussolini used public speaking to promote fascism. He agitated crowds with his emotional outbursts. He censored the press.

Who was Adolf Hitler? What were 2-3 things he did?

He used Nazism which was when Nazis and Nordic People thought they were better than everyone else (especially the Jewish). Hitler wanted to make Germany and the Aryan race to rule the world. He created a private army called the "storm troopers" and shipped Jews to concentration camps.

Who was Hediki Tojo? What were 2-3 things he did?

He used aggressive Militarism (Japan) - He increased the military power, quit the League of Nations, and attacked the Chinese providence of Manchuria to seize control.

Who was Joseph Stalin? What were 2-3 things he did?

He used totalitarianism. This is when the government controls all aspects of society. He wanted to modernize the industry and raise agricultural production. The Communist Party had complete control of the nation including the economy. Stalin used brutal methods to control the people. He killed or forced people to work on concentration camps if they resisted his orders.

Could World War II have been prevented?

I think World War II could have been prevented if the Allied Forces would have been more decisive and forceful in the beginning. The appeasement and lack of action allowed the Axis powers to continue building empires and killing innocent people. Since Hitler met no resistance, he used even more aggressive tactics. The Axis powers might have been stopped if they were blocked by force and not just mild threats. The policy of appeasement did nothing to prevent war.

Zoot Suit Riots

In 1943, these riots broke out in cities and followed the "Sleepy Lagoon" Murder trial. The first riot broke out in Los Angeles CA between sailors and marines and Mexican American youths/zoot suits.

leapfrogging

Island hopping-Military strategy employed in the Pacific War against Japan and the Axis Powers.

Munich Pact

It was an agreement when Britain and France tried to convince Hitler that Germany could take over Czechoslovakia.

Where was is Benito Mussolini from?

Italy

Where was Hidekei Toho from?

Japan

Allies

Joined or united in a relationship where the countries/people agree to work together. United against Axis powers.

Battle of the Bulge strategies and what happened in this area?

Last German offensive on the western front. Eight German armored divisions smashed into the surprised Americans, creating a bulge. Germans were left with no options but to retreat. Germany withdrew by mid January.

Germany Remilitarizes

League of Nations lodges a formal protest against these actions, but refuses to consider sanctions against Germany.

Battle of Okinawa strategies and what happened in this area?

Leapfrogging was used to help take over Japanese Islands. The bloody "Battle of Okinawa" lasted 2 months. 12,000 Americans died and more than 100,000 Japanese died. In the battle of Iwo Jima, 6,800 died.

Tokyo strategies and what happened in this area?

On April 18, 1942, United States bombed Tokyo with 16 bombers that took off from the carrier, Hornet. Americans used defensive strategies and realized that the Japanese could be beat. Doolittle raid took place where American soldiers used code breakers and received news of enemy activity in the Coral Sea.

Battle of Midway strategies and what happened in this area?

On June 4, 1942, the U.S. won the Battle of Midway Island by using decryped Japanese radio intercepts (broke the codes). It was a turning point in WWII in the Pacific. The Imperial Japanese Navy outnumbered the American Navy forces by 4 to l. The Americans sent torpedo planes and dive bombers.

D-Day military strategies and what happened in this area?

On June 6, 1944, the American troops liberated the French capital from 4 years of German occupation. It was called "Operation Neptune." The Allies invaded Normandy, France to free France, Belgium and Luxembourg from Nazi occupation.

Manhattan Project

Research and development project that produced the first atomic bombs during WWII. Led by the U.S.

North Africa military strategies and what happened in this area?

Rommel's force had taken a large area of North Africa. Hitler tried to cut off Allied oil from the Middle East.

GI Bill of Rights

Servicemen & 039- A law passed in 1944 to help veterans after WWII and improved their federal support. This law helped with education and training benefits, unemployment pay, and loans.

Where was is Joseph Stalin from?

Soviet Union

Double V Campaign

Started by Courier, this campaign supported the war effort by letting Americans know that UNITY is important and everyone needed to sacrifice. African Americans were allowed to fight in WWII. Victory at home and victory abroad.

Southern Italy military strategies and what happened in this area?

The Allies invaded S. Italy in November of 1942. The successful invasion scared the political leaders and Italy surrendered to the Allies.

What military strategies did the United States and its allies pursue to defeat the Axis powers in World War II?

The United States and Allied Forces used defensive strategies to prepare for the next move of the enemy. They were clever by intercepting messages and determined in their approach. Another strategy that helped the Americans defeat the Axis powers was leapfrogging. The Allied forces jumped to nearby Japanese islands that were not as populated with Axis forces and took them over. This allowed them to cut off supplies to the enemy. The final push in Okinawa brought heavy losses and lasted 2 months. Eventually, President Truman decided to drop atomic bombs on Hiroshima and Nagasaki because the Japanese would not retreat.

Universal Declaration of Human Rights

The UDHR is a document of human rights that was written by representatives from all over the world. The goal is to protect fundamental human rights of all people and all nations.

Short Answer: Pick two actions by the United States discussed in Chapter 37 and explain how each action demonstrated that the United States had learned from previous mistakes.

The United States learned many things from previous mistakes in WWII. For example, the creation of the World Bank and the United Nations demonstrates that America is concerned about world peace and protecting human rights across the globe. When a powerful nation tries to take over a smaller country, the rest of the world should not remain passive. The World Bank is set up to help poor, war-torn countries and the United Nations provides international cooperation and promotes human rights and peace.

Italy invades Ethiopia

The attacked country asks the League of Nations for help, they impose an oil embargo, but the US refuses to join in.

Roosevelt's four freedoms

The freedom of speech, freedom from fear, freedom of religion (worship), and freedom of want. It was a continuation of the New Deal.

Nuremberg war crimes trials

These were military tribunals that were held by Allied forces after WWII and took place in Nuremberg. The first trial started on Nov. 20, 1945 and was described as "the greatest trial in history." The 23 major war criminals were charged.

United Nations

This replaced the League of Nations and was an international organization that started in 1945 that is made up of most countries in the World. The UN promotes international cooperation, human rights, social/economical development, and peace and security.

Axis

Three main Axis powers were Nazi Germany, Fascist Italy and the Japanese. The coalition was headed by Germany.

Japan attacks Pearl Harbor

United States officially enters the war.

Appeasement

When another nation does not resist an enemy's demands in order to keep peace and avoid fighting. France and Britain did this to Hitler.

Did the United States learn from past mistakes at the end of World War II?

Yes, I think the United States learned how important it is to have the United Nations and to stand by the policies. Sometimes it is necessary to act immediately when another country is doing something unethical and inhumane.