world war one global help for test
". . . A free, open-minded, and absolutely impartial adjustment of all colonial claims, based upon a strict observance of the principle that in determining all such questions of sovereignty the interests of the populations concerned must have equal weight with the equitable claims of the government whose title is to be determined. . . ." — President Woodrow Wilsonʼs Fourteen Points, 1918 This statement held appeal for nationalists in areas under colonial control because it suggested (1) national self-determination (2) economic development (3) a system of alliances (4) protection from terrorists
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"Bombardment, barrage, curtain-fire, mines, gas, tanks, machine-guns, hand-grenades — words, words, but they hold the horror of the world." — Erich Maria Remarque, All Quiet on the Western Front This quotation best describes the effects of the (1) technological developments used during World War I (2) formation of alliances in World War II (3) tension between the superpowers during the Cold War (4) protests against reforms during the Indian independence movement
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"Germany, Austria-Hungary, and Italy Form Triple Alliance" "Serbian Nationalism Grows in Balkans" "Archduke Franz Ferdinand Assassinated in Bosnia" The events in these headlines contributed most directly to the (1) beginning of World War I (2) outbreak of the Cold War (3) development of communist rule in Europe (4) strengthening of European monarchies
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The Treaty of Versailles punished Germany for its role in World War I by (1) forcing Germany to accept blame for the war and to pay reparations (2) dividing Germany into four occupied zones (3) supporting economic sanctions by the United Nations (4) taking away German territory in the Balkans and Spain
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What was a major reason for Adolf Hitler's rise to power? (1) provisions of the Treaty of Versailles (2) Germany's military support of Poland and France (3) strong German economy (4) refusal by the League of Nations to admit Germany as a member
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Which statement explains the decline in unemployment rates in Britain between 1914 and 1918? (1) World War I generated jobs at home in England and in the military. (2) Many new jobs were available in Britain's African colonies. (3) Assembly-line production of consumer goods required more workers. (4) The British were buying huge amounts of war materials from the United States.
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". . . we shall fight for the things which have always been nearest our hearts, — for democracy, for the right of those who submit to authority to have a voice in their own governments, for the rights and liberties of small nations, for a universal domination of rights by such a concert of free peoples as shall bring peace and safety to all nations and make the world itself at last free. . . ." — President Woodrow Wilson This statement by President Wilson is directly advocating the idea of (1) disarmament (2) national self-determination (3) territorial readjustments (4) balance of power
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"The Allied governments affirm, and Germany accepts, the responsibility for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed on them by the aggression of Germany. . . ." What was a result of the provisions of this document? (1) Allied governments helped rebuild the German economy. (2) Resentments about these provisions contributed to the growth of Nazism in Germany. (3) The ideas in these provisions served as the basis for the European Union. (4) The provisions became a blueprint for lasting peace in Germany.
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During the 20th century, global attention was drawn to the Armenians of the Ottoman Empire, the Tutsis of Rwanda, and the Muslims of Kosovo because these groups were all victims of (1) nuclear power accidents (2) human rights violations (3) environmental disasters (4) the AIDS epidemic
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Growing nationalism and militarism in Europe and the creation of secret alliances were (1) reasons for the rise of democracy (2) causes of World War I (3) requirements for economic development (4) reasons for the collapse of communism
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One action that many governments took during World War I was to (1) encourage political dissent and freedom of the press (2) regulate their economic systems to increase production (3) prevent women from seeking employment in factories (4) raise tariffs to encourage trade
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The Treaty of Versailles contributed to the economic collapse of Germany after World War I by (1) mandating economic reforms in Germany (2) requiring that Germany pay for war damages (3) placing a quota on goods exported from Germany (4) devaluing German currency
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The term militarism can best be defined as 1) loyalty to a nation or ethic group 2) buildup of armaments in preparation for war 3) avoidance of military involvement in civil wars 4) control of territories for economic and political gain
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What was a direct result of World War I? (1) Nicholas II was named czar of Russia. (2) Germany lost its colonies in Africa and Asia. (3) Archduke Franz Ferdinand was assassinated by a terrorist. (4) The Ottoman Empire expanded.
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Which 19th century ideology led to the unification of Germany and of Italy and to the eventual breakup of Austria-Hungary and of the Ottoman Empire? (1) imperialism (2) nationalism (3) liberalism (4) socialism
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Which heading best completes the partial outline below? I. _________________________________ A. Unification of Italy B. Formation of the Indian National Congress C. Founding of the Muslim League D. Breakup of Austria-Hungary (1) Tensions of the Cold War (2) Effects of Nationalism (3) Causes of World War II (4) Results of Economic Revolutions
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Which set of events is in the correct chronological order? (1) Renaissance→Middle Ages →Roman Empire (2) Treaty of Versailles →World War II → Korean War (3) Reformation→Crusades → European exploration of the Americas (4) Bolshevik Revolution→French Revolution→ American Revolution
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"Archduke Franz Ferdinand Assassinated!" "Germany Declares War on Russia and France!" "Peace Treaty Signed at Versailles!" Which event is referred to in these headlines? (1) Franco-Prussian War (2) Crimean War (3) World War I
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"If I should die, think only this of me: That there's some corner of a foreign field That is for ever England. There shall be In that rich earth a richer dust concealed; A dust whom England bore, shaped, made aware, Gave, once, her flowers to love, her ways to roam, A body of England's, breathing English air, Washed by the rivers, blest by suns of home. . . ." — Rupert Brooke, "The Soldier" Which idea is expressed in this excerpt from Brooke's poem? (1) pacifism (2) neutrality (3) nationalism (4) anarchy
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Conflicts between Hutu and Tutsi, Ottoman Turks and Armenians, and Soviets and Ukrainian kulaks all resulted in (1) establishment of new governments (2) international intervention (3) massacres or genocide (4) cultural interdependence
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One similarity in the unification of Italy, the Zionist movement, and the breakup of the Ottoman Empire was that each was influenced by (1) humanism (2) polytheism (3) nationalism (4) imperialism
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The Armenian Massacre, the "killing fields" of the Khmer Rouge, and Saddam Hussein's attacks against the Kurds are examples of (1) apartheid (2) enslavement (3) human rights violations (4) forced collectivization
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The Balkans were referred to as the "Powder Keg of Europe" in the period before World War I because of their (1) manufacturing ability (2) stockpiles of weapons (3) nationalistic rivalries (4) economic strength
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The harsh terms included in the treaties ending World War I have been used to explain the (1) Fascist Revolution in Spain (2) Bolshevik Revolution in Russia (3) rise of Nazism in Germany (4) Armenian massacre in Turkey
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The major impact of the Treaty of Versailles on Germany was that the treaty led to (1) an era of peace and international good will in Germany (2) a stable Germany that was both democratic and strong (3) an increase in Germany's desire to regain its power and prestige (4) a leadership position for Germany in the League of Nations
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What was a major cause of World War I? (1) rebellions in colonial lands in Africa and Asia (2) expansion of communism into western Europe (3) militarism in the nations of Europe (4) inability of the League of Nations to keep the peace
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What was the immediate cause of World War I in Europe? (1) start of the civil war in Russia (2) sinking of the British liner, Lusitania (3) assassination of the heir to the throne of the Austro-Hungarian Empire (4) attack on Poland by the German army
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Which event occurred first and led to the other three? (1) rise of fascism in Europe (2) Bolshevik Revolution (3) World War I (4) signing of the Treaty of Versailles
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Which region was described as "the powder keg of Europe" prior to World War I? (1) Iberian Peninsula (2) British Isles (3) Balkan Peninsula (4) Scandinavia
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"The Allied . . . governments . . . affirm, and Germany accepts, the responsibility . . . for causing all the loss and damage to which the Allied . . . governments and their nationals have been subjected as a consequence of the war imposed on them by the aggression of Germany. . . ." This passage is taken from which historical document? (1) United Nations Charter (2) Treaty of Portsmouth (3) Atlantic Charter (4) Treaty of Versailles
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. . . A weary, exhausted, nerve-racked group of men it was indeed that, about noon November 1, assembled in a gully north of Sommerance [France] to rest and dig in for the night. The artillery was still firing furiously, but the enemy's barrage [bombardment] had ceased very suddenly about 10:00 a.m. and now only occasional shells from longrange rifles would explode in the vicinity. The weather was gloomy and the moist air chilled one to the bones. Yet it was with that meticulous [methodical] care that is characteristic of worn-out men, that we prepared our foxholes, carrying boards and iron sheeting from abandoned machine-gunners' dugouts in order to make our "houses" as comfortable as possible, even though only for one night. . . . Source: William L. Langer, Gas and Flame in World War I, Knopf/Borzoi Which means of warfare is described in this passage? (1) guerilla (2) nuclear (3) biological (4) trench
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Base your answers to the following two questions on the statements below and on your knowledge of social studies. Statement 1: "This organization is created for the purpose of realizing the national ideal: the union of all Serbs." —Bylaws of the Black Hand Statement 2: ". . . people . . . would think themselves happier even under their bad government than they might be under the good government of a foreign power." —Mohandas Gandhi, adapted from Indian Opinion, 1905 Statement 3: ". . . above all, we want Germany to be considered one land and the German people one people." —Heinrich von Gagern, The Call for German Unity Statement 4: "We ardently wish to free Italy from foreign rule. We agree that we must put aside all petty differences in order to gain this most important goal. We wish to drive out the foreigners not only because we want to see our country powerful and glorious, but also because we want to elevate the Italian people in intelligence and moral development." —Count Camillo di Cavour, 1810-1861 Which idea is expressed by all the statements? (1) War is a means of achieving national policies. (2) Industrial growth is critical to a country's prosperity. (3) Social class differences are the source of all conflicts. (4) Self-determination of the people is an important goal.
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Control of the Bosporus and Dardanelles straits was a strategic objective in both World War I and World War II because these straits (1) link Africa to Europe (2) allow waterway passage into Germany (3) separate Italy from the Balkan peninsula (4) provide access from the Black Sea to the Mediterranean Sea
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During World War I, which group of people were victims of genocide? (1) Arabs in Egypt (2) Palestinians in Syria (3) Algerians in France (4) Armenians in the Ottoman Empire
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Many historians believe that the harsh terms found in the Treaty of Versailles helped lead to (1) Italy's unification (2) Turkey's modernization (3) revolutions in Russia (4) World War II
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The Armenian massacre, the Holocaust, and the Rape of Nanking are examples of (1) appeasement policies (2) resistance movements (3) Russification efforts (4) human rights violations
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The Treaty of Versailles angered many Germans after World War I because the treaty (1) divided Germany into Communist and non-Communist zones (2) made Germany restore its emperor (3) required all German-speaking Europeans to return to Germany (4) forced Germany to pay large war reparations
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The treatment of the Armenians by Ottoman Turks in the late 19th and early 20th centuries and the treatment of Muslims by the Serbs of Yugoslavia in the 1990s are both examples of (1) coalition rule (2) liberation theology (3) universal suffrage (4) human rights violations
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