Wrap Up of BMD 311 Material

The bladder wall has how many layers? A. 1 B. 2 C. 3 D. 4

3

How many segmental arteries enter each human kidney? A. 1 B. 2 C. 5 D. 4

5

Which microscopic structure contributes to concentrating urine by removing water from it? A. loop of Henle B. distal convoluted tubule C. collecting duct D. proximal convoluted tubule

collecting duct

The flow of urine is the ______ ____ in the renal pyramids followed by the ______ ______ (tip of pyramid) and then the ________ calix followed with the ______ calix which goes to the renal _____ and finally ______

collecting ducts renal papilla minor calix major calix renal pelvis ureter

The longest of the 3 parts of the male urethra is the A. prostatic urethra B. membraneous urethra C. spongy urethra D. oblique urethra

spongy urethra

Which of the following cell populations secrete androgen binding protein? A. interstitial cells B. myoid cells C. spermatocytes D. sustenocytes

sustenocytes **supporting cells (sertoli cells)

Which of the following events occur when the posterior pituitary glands secretes antidiuretic hormone (ADH)? A. a normal volume of more conc. urine is produced B. the collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules become more permeable to water, which results in water being resorbed into blood vessels // a decreased volume of urine is produced C. there is potential for dehydration D. the collecting ducts become less permeable to water, which results in water being resorbed from blood vessels into the tubules and collecting ducts

the collecting ducts and distal convoluted tubules become more permeable to water, which results in water being resorbed into blood vessels // a decreased volume of urine is produced

Which of the following is the primary sex organ in the male? A. the testis B. the epididymis C. the prostate D. the penis

the testis

What is the function of the vasa recta? A. they play a direct role in regulation of blood pressure by secreting renin B. they act as chemoreceptors for monitoring the solute conc. of filtrate C. they are particularly well adapted for absorption of solutes from tubule cells of cortical nephrons D. they are an important part of the kidney's urine- concentrating mechanism found surrounding the loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons

they are an important part of the kidney's urine- concentrating mechanism found surrounding the loops of Henle of juxtamedullary nephrons

Which of the following is the description of the functional layer of the endometrium? A. undergoes cyclical changes in response to varying levels of hormones in the blood; is shed during menstruation B. rounded region of the uterus, superior to the entry of the uterine tubes C. largest division of the broad ligament D. contains glands that secrete mucus, which can block bacteria from vagina or block entry of sperm

undergoes cyclical changes in response to varying levels of hormones in the blood; is shed during menstruation

If a patient were exhibiting uncontrolled contraction of the detrusor, he or she would be said to have ______ A. urge incontinence B. reflexive voiding syndrome C. stress incontinence D. urinary retention syndrome

urge incontinence

Which of the following nitrogenous waste products excreted in the urine results from the turnover of nucleic acids? A. urea B. uric acid C. protein D. creatine

uric acid

Which of the following nitrogenous wastes produces by the kidneys is correctly paired with the substance and process from which it derives? A. urea ; derives from breakdown of a molecule in muscle that stores energy for manufacture of ATP B. creatinine ; results from breakdown of amino acids C. uric acids ; results from turnover of nucleic acids D. all choices are correctly paired

uric acids ; results from turnover of nucleic acids

The _____ urethral sphincter is an _____ ____ muscle while the _______ urethral sphincter is an _____ ____ muscle

internal ; involuntary smooth external; voluntary skeletal

Which of the following describes filtration? A. fluid that contains all the small molecules of blood plasma leaves the kidney capillaries and enters the nephron B. active process in which additional undesirable molecules are moved into the tubule from the blood of surrounding capillaries C. contraction of the detrusor muscle and abdominal wall muscles raise intra-abdominal pressure and facilitate emptying the bladder D. most of the nutrients, water, and essential ions are recovered from the filtrate and returned to the blood of surrounding capillaries

fluid that contains all the small molecules of blood plasma leaves the kidney capillaries and enters the nephron

The uterus is made up of 3 parts which are ______, ______, and _______ (in descending order)

fundus body cervix

The enlarged portions of the corpus spongiosum form the A. bulb of the penis B. glans penis C. bulbospongiousus D. prepuce of the penis

glans penis **aka the tip

Blood is filtered through the _______ & then, blood flows into the glomerulus through _________ A. efferent arterioles B. glomerular arterioles C. vasa recta D. peritubular capillaries E. afferent arterioles

glomerular arterioles afferent arterioles

Which statement about kidneys is CORRECT? A. kidneys are intraperitoneal organs and have their own mesenteries B. branches of renal arteries form extensive anastomoses within kidneys C. venous blood from the kidney is drained by renal veins, which empty into the portal vein D. glomerular capsules, proximal and distal convulated tubules are located in the renal cortex

glomerular capsules, proximal and distal convulated tubules are located in the renal cortex

Which brain region enables a conscious decision that it is safe to micturate? A. anterior cingulate gyrus B. medulla C. hypothalamus D. inferior frontal region of cerebral cortex

inferior frontal region of cerebral cortex

Renal veins empty into A. inferior mesenteric vein B. inferior vena cava C. portal vein D. superior vena cava

inferior vena cava

Which of the following is the major secretion content for prostate? A. proteins that stimulate maturation processes that confer the immature, nearly immotile sperm the ability to swim B. a milky fluid that contains various substances that enhance sperm motility and enzymes that clot and then liquefy ejaculated semen C. a mucus that neutralizes traces of acidic urine in the urethra and lubricates it to smooth the passage of semen during ejaculation D. a viscous fluid that contains fructose and other nutrients, prostaglandins, enzymes that enhance sperm motility, and substances that suppress the immune response against semen in the female reproductive tract

a milky fluid that contains various substances that enhance sperm motility and enzymes that clot and then liquefy ejaculated semen

Which of the following is the major secretion content for bulbourethral gland? A. proteins that stimulate maturation processes that confer the immature, nearly immotile sperm the ability to swim B. a milky fluid that contains various substances that enhance sperm motility and enzymes that clot and then liquefy ejaculated semen C. a mucus that neutralizes traces of acidic urine in the urethra and lubricates it to smooth the passage of semen during ejaculation D. a viscous fluid that contains fructose and other nutrients, prostaglandins, enzymes that enhance sperm motility, and substances that suppress the immune response against semen in the female reproductive tract

a mucus that neutralizes traces of acidic urine in the urethra and lubricates it to smooth the passage of semen during ejaculation

Which of the following describes secretion? A. fluid that contains all the small molecules of blood plasma leaves the kidney capillaries and enters the nephron B. active process in which additional undesirable molecules are moved into the tubule from the blood of surrounding capillaries C. contraction of the detrusor muscle and abdominal wall muscles raise intra-abdominal pressure and facilitate emptying the bladder D. most of the nutrients, water, and essential ions are recovered from the filtrate and returned to the blood of surrounding capillaries

active process in which additional undesirable molecules are moved into the tubule from the blood of surrounding capillaries

Which of the following is not part of the urinary system? A. urinary bladder B. adrenal gland C. kidneys D. ureter E. urethra

adrenal gland

The glomerulus is fed and drained by which structure(s)? A. efferent arteriole B. afferent arteriole and efferent arteriole C. afferent arteriole D. cortical radiate artery

afferent arteriole and efferent arteriole

Where does blood flow immediately after it leaves the cortical radiate arteries, in the kidneys? A. afferent glomerular arteriole B. the glomerulus C. efferent glomerular arteriole D. peritubular capillaries

afferent glomerular arteriole

Each nephron is composed of which of the following structures? A. renal corpuscle B. proximal convoluted tubule C. loop of Henle D. distal convoluted tubule E. all of the listed responses are correct

all of the listed responses are correct

Which of the following is the description of the endometrium of the uterus? A. rounded region of the uterus, superior to the entry of the uterine tubes B. contains uterine glands that change in length as the endometrium thins and thickens C. largest division of the broad ligament D. binds the uterus to the anterior body wall

contains uterine glands that change in length as the endometrium thins and thickens

Sympathetic fibers will A. contract muscles in the wall of the bladder B. contract muscles in the wall of the urethra C. relax internal urethral sphincter D. stimulate vasodilation in the erectile tissue of the penis E. contract external urethral sphincter F. contract internal urethra sphincter

contract internal urethra sphincter

Which of the following describes micturinition? A. contraction of the detrusor muscle and abdominal wall muscles raises intra-abdominal pressure and facilitate emptying the bladder B. active process in which additional undesirable molecules are moved into the tubule from the blood of surrounding capillaries C. fluid that contains all the small molecules of blood plasma leaves the kidney capillaries and enters the nephron D. most of the nutrients, water, and essential ions are recovered from the filtrate and returned to the blood of surrounding capillaries

contraction of the detrusor muscle and abdominal wall muscles raises intra-abdominal pressure and facilitate emptying the bladder

Which of the following pathways best depicts the correct flow of blood through the kidneys? A. segmental artery, interlobar artery, cortical radiate artery, and arcuate artery B. cortical radiate vein, arcuate vein, interlobar vein, and renal vein C. segmental artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, and glomerular arteriole D. cortical radiate vein, arcuate vein, segmental vein, and renal vein

cortical radiate vein, arcuate vein, interlobar vein, and renal vein

The _________ extend(s) inferiorly from the internal oblique muscles of the trunk and is/are responsible for elevating the tsetses. A. cremaster muscle B. rete testis C. epididymis D. suspensory ligament

cremaster muscle

Which of the following muscles is/are used to inhibit urination voluntarily until the proper time? A. detrusor muscle B. external urethral sphincter C. internal urethral sphincter D. external and internal urethral sphincter

external urethral sphincter

Which of the following is the definition for ovarian ligament? A. lateral structure that attaches the ovary to the lateral pelvic wall B. distinct fibrous band that medially anchors the ovary to the uterus C. fibrous capsule of the ovary D. large fold of peritoneum that hangs, like a tent, from the uterus and the uterine tubes

distinct fibrous band that medially anchors the ovary to the uterus

Which of the following is the description of the corpora cavernosa? A. midventral erectile body that surrounds the spongy urethra B. event that is under sympathetic control C. dorsally located bodies of erectile tissue that make up most of the penis D. event that is under parasympathetic control

dorsally located bodies of erectile tissue that make up most of the penis

Which of the following structures store(s) and transport(s) sperm during ejaculation? A. seminal vesicle B. epididymis C. ductus (vas) deferens D. ductus deferens and epididymis

ductus (vas) deferens **joins with duct of seminal vesicle to form ejaculatory duct

Where does blood flow immediately after it leaves the glomerulus in the renal corpuscle? A. peritubular venules B. afferent arteriole C. peritubular capillaries D. efferent arteriole

efferent arteriole

The glomerulus is drained by the______ A. efferent arterioles B. glomerular arterioles C. vasa recta D. peritubular capillaries E. afferent arterioles

efferent arterioles

Which of the following is the description of glans penis? A. proximal ends of the corpora cavernosa; anchored to the pubic arch of the bony pelvis B. event that is under sympathetic control C. dorsally located bodies of erectile tissue that make up most of the penis D. enlarged distal end of the corpus spongiosum

enlarged distal end of the corpus spongiosum

Sperm becomes motile (able to move) in A. epididymis B. ductus deferens C. prostate D. seminferous tubules

epididymis

Which of the following is the description of erection? A. proximal ends of the corpora cavernosa; anchored to the pubic arch of the bony pelvis B. event that is under sympathetic control C. dorsally located bodies of erectile tissue that make up most of the penis D. event that is under parasympathetic control

event that is under parasympathetic control

Which of the following is a description of ejaculation? A. proximal ends of the corpora cavernosa; anchored to the pubic arch of the bony pelvis B. event that is under sympathetic control C. dorsally located bodies of erectile tissue that make up most of the penis D. event that is under parasympathetic control

event that is under sympathetic control

Cremaster muscle A. is a smooth muscle found in the wall of the urethra B. is a smooth muscle located in the skin of the scrotum C. is a skeletal muscle covering spermatic cord and the testis D. is a skeletal muscle surrounding the root of the penis

is a skeletal muscle covering spermatic cord and the testis

What is the importance of the blood-testis barrier? A. it forms a continuous barrier between sustenacular cells and developing spermatocytes to prevent cross contamination of genetic material B. it prevents escape of membrane antigens of differentiating sperm through the basal lamina and into the blood, where they would activate the immune system C. it prevents spermatids from being released from the seminiferous tubule in an immature state D. it ensures that sperm remain isolated from ova until a mature ovum is in the correct location of the female reproductive tract

it prevents escape of membrane antigens of differentiating sperm through the basal lamina and into the blood, where they would activate the immune system **the sustentocytes forms this barrier

Which of the following is the definition for broad ligament? A. lateral structure that attaches the ovary to the lateral pelvic wall B. distinct fibrous band that medially anchors the ovary to the uterus C. fibrous capsule of the ovary D. large fold of peritoneum that hangs, like a tent, from the uterus and the uterine tubes

large fold of peritoneum that hangs, like a tent, from the uterus and the uterine tubes

Which of the following is the description for mesometrium? A. largest division of the broad ligament B. binds the uterus to the anterior body wall C. contains uterine glands that change in length as the endometrium thins and thickens D. rounded region of the uterus, superior to the entry of the uterine tubes

largest division of the broad ligament

Which of the following is the definition for suspensory ligament? A. lateral structure that attaches the ovary to the lateral pelvic wall B. distinct fibrous band that medially anchors the ovary to the uterus C. fibrous capsule of the ovary D. large fold of peritoneum that hangs, like a tent, from the uterus and the uterine tubes

lateral structure that attaches the ovary to the lateral pelvic wall ***blood vessels, nerves, lymphatics travel in it

Which of the following pathways best describe the correct flow of urine through the kidney tubules A. proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, papillary duct, collecting duct, and minor calyx B. proximal convoluted tubule, loop of Henle, minor calyx, and collecting duct C. loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, papillary duct, minor calyx, and renal pelvis D. loop of Henle, proximal convoluted tubule, papillary duct, minor calyx, and renal pelvis

loop of Henle, distal convoluted tubule, papillary duct, minor calyx, and renal pelvis

Which of the following is the description for corpus spongiosum? A. midventral erectile body that surrounds the spongy urethra B. event that is under sympathetic control C. dorsally located bodies of erectile tissue that make up most of the penis D. event that is under parasympathetic control

midventral erectile body that surrounds the spongy urethra

Which of the following describes resorption? A. fluid that contains all the small molecules of blood plasma leaves the kidney capillaries and enters the nephron B. active process in which additional undesirable molecules are moved into the tubule from the blood of surrounding capillaries C. contraction of the detrusor muscle and abdominal wall muscles raise intra-abdominal pressure and facilitate emptying the bladder D. most of the nutrients, water, and essential ions are recovered from the filtrate and returned to the blood of surrounding capillaries

most of the nutrients, water, and essential ions are recovered from the filtrate and returned to the blood of surrounding capillaries

Which of the following is the description of ureter? A. branching extensions of the renal pelvis B. muscularis consists of inner longitudinal and outer circular layers C. the region defined by the openings of the ureters and urethra D. large space within the medial part of the kidney that contains renal vessels, nerves, and fat

muscularis consists of inner longitudinal and outer circular layers

Which structures cushions and supports the kidneys against blows and help hold the kidneys in place? A. vertebrae T12-T13 B. ribs 11 and 12 C. fibrous capsule D. pararenal and perirenal fat

pararenal and perirenal fat

All molecules that are secreted by the nephrons into the urine are from the blood of_______ A. efferent arterioles B. glomerular arterioles C. vasa recta D. peritubular capillaries E. afferent arterioles

peritubular capillaries

The parietal layer of the glomerular capsule A. plays the most important role in the formation of filtrate B. plays no role in formation of filtrate C. is made of a fenestrated endothelium, like the glomerulus D. is a simple cuboidal epithelium that contributes to the structure of the capsule

plays no role in formation of filtrate

The oblique entry of the ureters into the bladder A. prevents backflow of urine into the ureters from the urinary bladder B. prevents entry of fecal material into the urinary bladder C. is one of the little recognized but important factors leading to kidney cancer D. is one of the many reasons why many more women develop urinary tract infections than do men

prevents backflow of urine into the ureters from the urinary bladder

Which of the following is not part of the urinary system? A. urinary bladder B. urethra C. ureter D. prostate gland E. kidneys

prostate gland

Which of the following is the major secretion content for epididymis? A. proteins that stimulate maturation processes that confer the immature, nearly immotile sperm the ability to swim B. a milky fluid that contains various substances that enhance sperm motility and enzymes that clot and then liquefy ejaculated semen C. a mucus that neutralizes traces of acidic urine in the urethra and lubricates it to smooth the passage of semen during ejaculation D. a viscous fluid that contains fructose and other nutrients, prostaglandins, enzymes that enhance sperm motility, and substances that suppress the immune response against semen in the female reproductive tract

proteins that stimulate maturation processes that confer the immature, nearly immotile sperm the ability to swim

Most nutrients and water present in glomerular filtrate are reabsorbed in A. distal convoluted tubules B. loops of Henle C. collecting ducts D. proximal convoluted tubes

proximal convoluted tubes

Which of the following is the description of the crura? A. proximal ends of the corpora cavernosa; anchored to the pubic arch of the bony pelvis B. event that is under sympathetic control C. dorsally located bodies of erectile tissue that make up most of the penis D. event that is under parasympathetic control

proximal ends of the corpora cavernosa; anchored to the pubic arch of the bony pelvis **the bulb & crura make up the root of the penis

Which structures are inward extensions of the renal cortex? A. renal columns B. pyramidal papillae C. lobes D. lobules

renal columns

Which structure(s) is/are confined to the renal cortex? A. vasa recta B. only the renal corpuscle C. renal medulla D. renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, and distal convoluted tubule

renal corpuscle, proximal convoluted tubule, and distal convoluted tubule

The most superficial layer of the kidney is A. renal medulla B. renal pyramids C. renal papilla D. renal cortex

renal cortex

The proximal convoluted tubule is most active in A. resorption and secretion B. resorption C. filtration and resorption D. secretion

resorption and secretion

Which of the following is the description of the fundus? A. largest division of the broad ligament B. binds the uterus to the anterior body wall C. contains uterine glands that change in length as the endometrium thins and thickens D. rounded region of the uterus, superior to the entry of the uterine tubes

rounded region of the uterus, superior to the entry of the uterine tubes

The _______ vesicles secrete about _____ of the volume of ______ where the fructose is present to nourish the sperm & substances are there there to enhance motility of sperm

seminal vesicle 60% semen

The sperm travels from the ________ tubules to the ______ and then to the ______ (vas) _______

seminiferous tubules epididymis ductus (vas) deferens

During the process of spermatogenesis, ______ A. some diploid (2n) spermatogonia remain in the basal lamina // 4 spermatids are produced from one diploid (2n) primary spermatocyte B. spermatocytes gain the ability to swim C. spermatozoa differentiate into spermatids D. meiosis I results in production of diploid (2n) secondary spermatocytes

some diploid (2n) spermatogonia remain in the basal lamina // 4 spermatids are produced from one diploid (2n) primary spermatocyte