WTPChp 10,11,12,13
When filing an appeal, an appellant usually must show
the trial court made a legal error in deciding the case.
In which of the following can revenue or "money bills" originate?
House of Representatives
Which type of legislature has two houses or chambers?
bicameral
Which is NOT a way in which incumbent legislators get reelected?
constituent bribing
As part of its response to the COVID-19 pandemic, Congress ________ implementation of the Paycheck Protection Program to the Small Business Administration.
delegated
Reducing the number of rules agencies can enforce is called _____.
deregulation
Generally speaking, state defendants seeking a federal writ of habeas corpus must
show that they have exhausted all available state remedies and must raise issues not previously raised in their state appeals
A U.S. senator has a ________-year term.
six
Two _____ why Congress delegates to the executive are that Congress cannot administer the programs and lacks expertise about the programs they create
practical reasons
A certiorari pool describes the
practice by which Supreme Court law clerks work together to evaluate each petition.
While the Constitution does not specify that presidents have the power to remove those they appointed to office from their positions,
presidents have long claimed that the power is implied by those expressed powers they have in the Constitution
If President Trump were to appoint an individual to fill a vacant position in the Department of Health and Human Services when the Senate was adjourned, it would be an example of a(n)
recess appointment.
Which is NOT one of the three main factors or agents that influence congressperson's decisions?
scientific research
The 2015 House of Representatives committee that held hearings to investigate Hillary Clinton's use of private email services during her tenure as secretary of state is an example of a
select committee.
When presidents nominate justices to the Supreme Court, presidents make an effort to
select justices who share their political philosophies.
The kind of representation that takes place when constituents have the power to hire and fire their representatives is called
substantive representation.
Conference committees are
temporary, involve members from both houses of Congress, and are charged with reaching a compromise on legislation once it has been passed by both the House and the Senate.
Getting rid of an executive agency is called _____.
termination
The president pro tempore of the Senate is usually
the majority party member with the greatest seniority.
Before the Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act of 1883, government appointments were made
to political supporters as part of a spoils system.
When a constituent wants a less active role in monitoring their congressperson and allows them to govern based on what they think is best for the constituent, the representative acts as a _____.
trustee
The most visible indication of political oversight of the bureaucracy is the
use of public hearings before congressional committees and subcommittees.
Under normal rules of oral argument, each lawyer has ________ to present his or her case before the Supreme Court.
30 minutes
The number of seats in the House of Representatives has been fixed at ________ since ________.
435; 1929
There are ________ U.S. district courts.
94
Federal courts oversee the bureaucracy by
??? creating an arena in which individuals or groups who are affected negatively by regulations can bring lawsuits.
In which of the following areas can the Supreme Court use judicial review?
??federal statutes and actions by the U.S. executive branch
________ are used to express opposition to a Supreme Court outcome or to signal to the losing side that some members of the Court support its position.
Dissenting opinions
The Office of Management and Budget and the Council of Economic Advisers are both parts of the
Executive Office of the President
________ powers are specifically established by the language of the Constitution.
Expressed
The office of the presidency was established by Article ________ of the Constitution.
II
Why is Marbury v. Madison (1803) an important case?
In this case, the justices authorized the Supreme Court to exercise judicial review over laws passed by Congress.
What is a government corporation?
It is an agency that performs and charges for services usually provided by the private sector.
Which of the following is an independent agency?
National Aeronautics and Space Administration
The ________ is the name given to the group of designated cabinet officials and other military, diplomatic, and intelligence officials who meet regularly with the president to give advice on national security matters.
National Security Council
Which of the following is NOT one of the three agencies Congress created for itself to research the executive branch?
Office of Management and Budget
Which of the following best summarizes the legality of executive privilege?
The Court has acknowledged that the concept is legal, though the president may not be able to claim it in every case.
The Supreme Court explains its decisions in terms of
The Supreme Court explains its decisions in terms of
________ is largest employer in the country and the largest purchaser of goods and services in the world.
The U.S. federal government
How is the Speaker of the House determined?
The elected leader of the majority party in the House is the Speaker.
Which of the following is NOT an argument in favor of an expanded presidency?
The founders preferred a weak president.
_____ is when the president recommends laws by having executive officials draft legislation and encourage party members to introduce the bill in Congress.
The legislative initiative
In Congress, the term "whip" refers to
a party member in the House or Senate responsible for coordinating the party's legislative strategy, building support for key issues, and counting votes.
Which of the following are way in which leaders in the House of Representatives and Senate do not exercise power over members?
access to party membership
A person, agency, or interest group not directly a party to a case but with an interest in its outcome may file a(n) ________ brief.
amicus curiae
The power to receive ambassadors is an example of
an expressed power
The Hastert Rule is
an informal Republican Party rule that the Speaker of the House will not allow any bill to reach the floor unless it has the support of a majority of Republican members of the House
The process of allocating congressional seats among the states is called
apportionment.
In the House of Representatives, virtually all the time allotted by the Rules Committee for debate on a given bill is controlled by the
bill's sponsor and its leading opponent
A proposed law that has been sponsored by a member of Congress is called a
bill.
The rules of access to federal courts can be broken down into three major categories:
case or controversy; standing; and mootness.
____ are informal congressional structures that help like-minded congresspeople gather and discuss ideas.
caucuses
Impeachment offenses are
charged by the House and tried in the Senate, with the Chief Justice presiding and a two-thirds vote needed for conviction.
When a private individual brings a suit against a company for breaking a contract, this is an example of ________ law.
civil
A member of the House of Representatives that helps a constituent apply for Social Security benefits is engaging in
constituency service.
The Senate and House Appropriations committees are important because they
decide how much funding various programs will receive and how the moneywill be spent.
When a constituent wants a more active role in monitoring their congressperson and wants them to govern based on exactly what the constituent wants, the representative acts as a _____.
delegate
Which of the following is NOT considered a function of government bureaucracies?
discriminate against the poor
Trial courts in the federal judicial system are called
district courts.
Executive agreements differ from formal treaties in that they
do not have to be approved by two-thirds vote of the Senate
Which of the following is NOT a way in which government bureaucracies expand power?
donate money to political campaigns
Privatization is a way to
downsize government in that the workers provide good and services are no longer counted as government bureaucracy.
Three components of presidents' "administrative strategy" have bee
enhancing the power of the Executive Office of the President, increasing White House control over the federal bureaucracy, and expanding the role of executive orders and other instruments of direct presidential governance.
In order to get around the need for Senate approval of treaties, many contemporary presidents have made use of ________ in foreign affairs.
executive agreements
Which of the following employs the vast majority of the federal civilian workforce?
executive departments
One of the main resources and distinguishing characteristics of the federal bureaucracy is
expertise
The powers of the president that are most clearly spelled out in the Constitution are ________ powers. On the other hand, ________ powers are not listed in the Constitution at all, and in fact derive their legitimacy from Congress, who have given those particular powers to the president over time
expressed; delegated
In his attempt to manage the federal bureaucracy, the president can use all of the following tools EXCEPT
firing low-level civil service employees for failure to express loyalty to the president.
The expansion of the Executive Office of the President, the development of regulatory review, and the use of executive orders have been important because they
have given presidents capacity to achieve policy results despite congressional opposition to their legislative agendas.
Race became a major factor in drawing congressional district lines as a result of
he 1982 amendments to the 1964 Civil Rights Act.
In modern democracies, courts made up of judges and juries
hear the facts on both sides of a case and apply relevant law or constitutional principle to decide which side has the stronger argument.
Cases ________ are NOT part of the original jurisdiction of the U.S. Supreme Court.
in which more than $1 million is at stake
The number of state and local government employees has
increased since 1950.
A senator or representative running for reelection is called the
incumbent.
When President Lincoln raised an army after the fall of Fort Sumter despite having no clear legal authority to do so, it illustrated the
inherent powers of the presidency.
The jurisdiction of standing committees
is defined by the subject matter of legislation, which often parallels the major cabinet departments or agencies.
Which of the following is a type of congressional committee that is permanent and contains members of both the House of Representatives and Senate?
joint
Though used at times by justices on both sides of the partisan divide, which judicial philosophy posits that the Court should go beyond the words of the Constitution or a statute to consider the broader societal implications of its decisions?
judicial activism
Though used at times by justices on both sides of the partisan divide, which judicial philosophy refuses to go beyond the clear words of the Constitution in interpreting the document's meaning?
judicial restraint
The Pendleton Civil Service Reform Act of 1883 attempted to pattern government hiring after practices found in
local government.
The State of the Union address is
mandated by the Constitution.
In general, presidents
must state the constitutional or statutory basis for their use of executive orders.
If a defendant is found not guilty in a criminal case, the government is
not entitled to appeal the verdict
One way the majority leader and minority leader in the Senate exert power is through control
of the calendar.
A bill that deals with such a diverse set of unrelated issues as environmental issues, tax issues, and criminal justice issues is likely to be a(n)
omnibus appropriations bill
in Baker v. Carr, the Supreme Court ruled that districts should be relatively equal to reflect the principle of _____.
one person, one vote
In ________, an attorney for each side appears before the Supreme Court to present her client's position and answer the justices' questions.
oral argument
One example of ________ is the fact that a lawsuit filed by Washington against Nevada over river pollution goes directly before the Supreme Court.
original jurisdiction
Imagine that there is a roll-call vote on a bill on Medicare in the Senate and 50% of Republicans vote against it and 50% of Democrats vote in favor. This is known as a(n)
party unity vote.
If a defendant is charged with burglary, but admits to a lesser charge of trespassing in exchange for the prosecution dismissing the burglary charge and forgoing the criminal trial, it is an example of a(n)
plea bargain.
A ________ veto occurs when Congress adjourns during a 10-day period after presenting the president with a bill on which he or she takes no action.
Which of the following is not a function of a modern government bureaucracy?
political campaigning
A _____ that Congress delegates to the executive is that it can share the blame with or deflect the blame towards the executive when the policy results in a bad outcome.
political reason
Which of the following is least likely to be a reason Congress would delegate policymaking authority to the bureaucracy?
Agencies can make policy decisions that are different than what Congress wants.
Which of the following is a government corporation?
Amtrak
The _____ is the informal designation for the heads of the major federal government departments.
Cabinet
_____ is new law created by judges through the decisions of court cases, which becomes the standard law or interpretation judges must use in subsequent, similar cases within the same jurisdiction.
Common law
During the nineteenth century, ________ was America's dominant institution of government.
Congress
_______ has the authority to change the number of justices who serve on the Supreme Court.
Congress
In 1973, Congress attempted to restore its role in military policy by passing the _____.
War Powers Resolution
The last time Congress exercised its constitutional power to declare war was during
World War II.
