X100 Exam Review (Updated to 201908)

NATO Article 5

"....armed attack against one or more ....shall be considered an attack against them all...and each of them...will assist the party or parties ...by taking ... Individually and in concert with the other parties, such action as it deems necessary, including the use of armed force."

Military Revolutions

"Its defining feature is that it fundamentally changes the framework of war." "__________________ recast society and the state as well as military organizations." "... uncontrollable, unpredictable, and unforeseeable ..." "they [who experienced ____________] could rarely aspire to do more than hang on and adapt."

2010 National Space Policy

"Peaceful purposes" allows for space to be used for national and homeland securities; US will employ measures to assure the use of space for all responsible parties, inherent right of self-defense, deter others from interference and attack, defend our space systems, and contribute to defense of allied space systems and defeat efforts to attack them; All nations have the right to explore and use space for peaceful purposes, and for the benefit for humanity IAW INTL law

Joint Forcible Entry (JFE) Capabilities

- Amphibious assault - Airborne assault - Air assault - Ground assault *(any combination of these)

Jus in bello (During war)

- Distinction - Proportionality - Military Necessity L102

National Security Act of 1947

- Established National Security Council - Created National Military Establishment - Created the post of Secretary of Defense - Defined Unified and Specific commands - Legitimized the Joint Chiefs

Jus ad bellum ("Right to war")

- Just Cause - Comparative justice - Legitimate authority - Right intention - Probability of Success Last Resort - Proportionality L102

Jus post bellum ("Justice after war")

- Just cause for termination - Right intention - Public declaration and authority - Discrimination - Proportionality L102

Joint Information Function - Ways and Means (Information Related Capabilities (IRC))

- Key Leader Engagement - Public Affairs - Civil-Military Operations - Military Deception - Military Information Support Operations (MISO) - Operations Security (OPSEC) - Electronic Warfare (EW) - Combat Camera - Space and special technical operations - Cyber Operations - Commander's Communication Synchronization

Combat Sustainment Support Battalion (CSSB)

- The ________ is attached to Sustainment BDEs and conducts maintenance, transportation, supply, field services, and distribution. - The task organization depends on the requirements of the supported can but normally include a composite supply company, support maintenance company, modular ammunition company, palletized load system truck company and inland cargo transfer company and a field feeding company.

Army Operation Army - Line of Operation

-Connects a series of decisive points over time that lead to control of a geographic objective. -Connects a force from its base of operations to its objective(s) when positional reference to the enemy is a factor. -A campaign or major operation may have a single or multiple physical _________.

Army Operational Art - Line of Effort (LOE)

-Links decisive points with the logic of purpose. -Enables visualization and description of the operation when positional reference to the enemy has less relevance. -Help JFCs visualize how military means can support non-military instruments of national power and vice versa.

2017 National Space Policy Principles

1. Act responsibly in space. 2. Encourage and facilitate growth of commercial space sector that supports US needs 3. Space for peaceful purposes and that allows provisions for national and homeland security 4. All nations have right for use of space; however, purposeful interference is an infringement of a nation's rights 5. US will employ measures to help assure the use of space for all responsible parties; however, the US will defend our and allied space systems as necessary

Amphibious Operation Types

1. Assault (Nomrandy 1944) 2. Withdrawal (Dunkirk 1940) 3. Demonstration (Persian Gulf 1991) 4. Raid (Makin 1942) 5. Crisis Response (Albania 1997)

Theater Sustainment Command (TSC**)

1. Assigned to ASCC 2. AOR-wide logistics responsibilities 3. C2 for functional and multi-functional sustainment organizations 4. Performs theater-wide materiel and distribution management

1986 Goldwater-Nichols DOD Reorganization Act

1. CJSC elevated to principal military advisors to President, SecDef, and National Security Council (NSC) 2. CJCS gets a Vice Chairman 3. Joint duty becomes requirement for high-level promotion 4. Military chain of command: President to SECDEF to CCDRs 5. Service chiefs no longer exercise OPCON over forces

1967 Outer Space Treaty

1. Prohibits "WMD" in space (not "weapons") 2. Prohibits placement of weapons on celestial bodies

Amphibious Operation Purposes

1. Prosecute further combat operations ashore (Normandy, Inchon) 2. Obtain a site for advanced naval, land, or air base (Iwo Jima, Saipan; est. US air bases to reach Japan) 3. Deny the enemy use of an area or facilities (Guadalcanal, deny Japanese air facilities) 4. Fix the enemy, providing opportunities for other combat operations (Amphibious Demonstration in the Persian Gulf)

Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA)

1. Provide support for domestic disasters 2. Provide support for domestic chemical biological, radiological, and nuclear incidents 3. Provide support for domestic civilian law enforcement agencies 4. Provide other designated support. Purposes: Save lives; Restore essential services; Maintain or restore law and order; Protect infrastructure and property; support maintenance or restoration of local government; shape the environment for intergovernmental success

Emotional Intelligence

1. Self Awareness: Knowing one's emotions 2. Self-Management: Managing one's emotions 3. Social Awareness: Recognizing emotions in others 4. Social Skill: Handling relationship L103

Joint Interagency Coordination Group (JIACG)

A Joint doctrinal generic term referring to a standing interagency group at a CCMD _____________ is an interagency staff group that establishes regular and collaborative working relationships between civilian and military operational planners. Composed of USG civilian and military experts at CCMD.

- MEF*** - 60 - MEB* - 30 - MEU-O6 - 15

A MEF (3-star), MEB*, and MEU-O6 can sustain operations for how many days?

Coalition

A _____ is an ad hoc arrangement between two or more nations for common action. (JP 1-02)

Elements of Joint Operational Design - Lines of Effort (LOE)

A ________ links multiple tasks and missions using the logic of purpose—cause and effect—to focus efforts toward establishing operational and strategic conditions. (JP 5-0)

Learning Organization

A ______________ fosters a culture of learning that solves problems and improves the organization through a supportive command climate, valuing member involvement in the gaining of knowledge, skills, and processes to modify behavior and get results. L106

Campaign

A ______________ is a series of related major operations aimed at achieving strategic and operational objectives within a given time and space (JP 1)

Major Operation

A __________________ is a series of tactical actions, such as battles, engagements, and strikes. (JP 1)

Operational Approach

A broad description of the mission, operational concepts, tasks, and actions required to accomplish a mission. This allows the commander to continue the JPP and translate broad strategic and operational concepts into specific missions and tasks and produce and executable plan.

Specified Combatant Command

A command that has broad continuing missions and is established by the President, through SECDEF, with the advice and assistance of the CJCS (JP 1)

Multinational Integrated Command Structure

A good example of this command structure is in NATO where a strategic commander is designated from a member nation, but the strategic command staff and the commanders and staffs of subordinate commands are of multinational makeup. Advantages: Single Combined CDR has either OPCON/TACON of both US and partner forces

Organizational Culture

A pattern of shared basic assumptions that was learned by a group as it solved its problems of external adaption and internal integration, that has worked well enough to be considered valid, and therefore to be taught to new members as the correct way to perceive, think, and feel in relation to those problems -Edgar Schein L105

Nongovernmental Organization (NGO)

A private, self-governing, not-for-profit organization dedicated to alleviating human suffering; and/or promoting education, health care, economic development, environmental protection, human rights, and conflict resolution; and/or encouraging the establishment of democratic institutions and civil society.

Army Operational Art - End State and Conditions

A set of desired future conditions the commander wants to exist when an operation end; outcomes endure.

Management Decision Package (MDEP)

A stand alone functional package that describes a particular organization, program, or function capturing total resources over a nine-year period. FDP Phase 4

Balance

A state joins a weaker alliance to counter the influence of power of a stronger state or groups of states. This is called ____________

Rogue State

A state that frequently violates international standards of acceptable behavior.

Instrument of National Power - Economic

A strong US economy with free access to global markets and resources is a fundamental engine of the general welfare, the enabler of a strong national defense. Instrument of national power

ISSA - Cross-Service

A subset of common-user logistics in which a function is performed by one military Service in support of another Service and for which reimbursement is required from the Service receiving support. (USMC gets fuel from the Army.)

Standard Requirements Code (SRC)

A twelve-position alphanumeric code that identifies the type organization, edition, ALO, and exception

- What - Why - How

A vision statement must include?

Bandwagon

A weaker state or states joining a stronger state, alliance or coalition. This is called ____________

The instruments of national power

Achieving national strategic objectives requires effective unified action resulting in unity of effort. This is accomplished by collaboration, synchronization, and coordination in the use of the __________________? [DIME]

Stability Mechanism - Influence

Actions to alter the opinions, attitudes, and ultimately the behavior of foreign friendly, neutral, adversary, and enemy targets and audiences through messages, presence, and actions. [Stability Mechanism]

Stability Mechanism - Support

Actions to establish, reinforce, or set the conditions necessary for the instruments of national power to function effectively. [Stability Mechanism]

1. Contracting Officer Representative (COR) 2. Contracting Officer (KO)

After the contract has been awarded, the commander nominates a 1._________________ to the 2.__________________ to supervise the contractor performance of the mission. The 2.__________________ appoints the 1.______________ and assigns certain responsibilities to perform on behalf of the 2.______________. The 1.__________________ reports mission accomplishment to the Commander and quality performance to the 2.______________

- Command Element (CE) - Ground Combat Element (GCE) - Aviation Combat Element (ACE) - Logistics Combat Element (LCE)

All USMC MAGTFs consist of what four core elements?

Tenets of MN Ops - Respect

All partners must be included in the planning process and their opinions sought in mission assignment (Tenet of Multinational Operations)

Beer's Model of Change

Amount of Change = Dissatisfaction x Model (vision) x Process > Resistance L104

Army Command (ACOM)

An ________ is an Army force, designated by the SECARMY, performing multiple Army Service Title 10 functions across multiple disciplines. Command responsibilities are those established by the SECARMY. The three _________ are as follows: 1. Army Materiel Command (AMC) 2. TRADOC 3. FORSCOM

Multinational Lead Nation Command Structure

An _________ structure exists when all member nations place their forces under the control of one nation. The _____ command structure can be distinguished by a dominant _________ command and staff arrangement with subordinate elements retaining strict national integrity. Easy to organize due to less integration, smaller HQ staff required. Legitimacy issue is suspect of the ________. Difficult to share information or intelligence.

Offensive Primary Task - Attack

An __________ is an offensive task that destroys or defeats enemy forces, seizes and secures terrain, or both (ADP 3-90).

Inter Service Support Agreement (ISSA)

An agreement made between two services for logistics support

Comprehensive Approach (Cooperation)

An approach that integrates the cooperative efforts of the departments and agencies of the USG, and to the extent possible, intergovernmental and nongovernmental organizations, multinational partners, and private sector entities to achieve unity of effort toward a shared goal. Step above whole-of government.

RAFT - Relationships - Actors - Functions - Tensions

An environment is comprised of various systems called 2.______. The systems may also contain sub-2.____ occasionally referred to as nodes. Each system or 2._____/sub-2._____ normally have 1.__________ to other systems or 2._______. These 1._________ are the links between systems' sub-2._______/nodes. Every 1._________ has a 3.__________ or purpose which should be identified. 4.__________ are characterizations of the 1._________. The 4._________ may be supportive, adversarial, positive, negative, critical, strong, vulnerable or neutral, etc.

Strategy - Acceptability

Are the effects as well as the methods and resources used to achieve those efforts justified and acceptable to the body politic OR is the juice worth the squeeze?

Generating Forces

Army organizations whose primary mission is to generate and sustain the Operating Forces capabilities for employment by joint force commanders. As a consequence of its performance of functions specified, and implied by law, the ____________ also possesses operationally useful capabilities for employment by, or in direct support of, joint force commanders. _______________ are required by the service secretaries/MILDEPs to build and sustain the Army to ensure the operating force is ready for employment by the combatant commanders. They are also known as service retained forces and generally associated with Table of Distribution and Allowance (TDA) units; i.e. ROTC, USMA, TRADOC, AMC, ARSTAF are examples. F101RA

Army Authority

Article 1 Section 8 US Constitution Title 10 USC

Defense Logistics Agency (DLA)

As the nation's combat logistics support agency, _____ manages the global supply chain and in collaboration with JLEnt partners sustains the readiness and lethality of the Armed Forces of the United States. (JP 4-0)

Total Army Analysis (TAA)

Asks the question: "What is the best/most versatile mix of forces to build within a constrained end-strength and for a defined strategy?" -Annual process (~10 months) -Phase 1 - Capability Demand Analysis (Quantitative, Science) -Phase 2 - Resourcing and Approval (Qualitative, Art) -Produces the Army Structure Memorandum (ARSTRUC) -Provides the Program Objective Memorandum (POM) Force -Provides information to build POM Phase 4 of FDP

Rational Tactics - Smart Power

Associated with both personal and positional power. 1. Rational persuasion 2. Exchange 3. Apprising 4. Collaboration L103

Unit Reference Sheet (URS)

Based on conceptual requirement for a new organization or to correct organizational structure deficiencies. Key output from FDP - Phase 2.

IRC - Key Leader Engagement (KLE)

Building relationships to the point of effective engagement and influence usually takes time. When commanders and other leaders engage key local and regional leaders to affect their attitudes and gain their support.

Deputy Chief of Mission

CCDRs and their staffs can coordinate most of their standing requirements with the ____________ and their JIACG (joint interagency coordination group) (or equivalent organization).

Intelligence Community

CIA, DIA, FBI, NGIA, NRO, and NSA; the JFC can request a National Intelligence Support Team (NIST); Services are going to bring their own intelligence capabilities

Strategy - Feasibility

Can the strategy be accomplished by the means available OR can I squeeze this fruit with my hand?

Carrier Aviation (CVN)

Capabilities: 1. 90-110 sorties per day 2. Self-sustaining Limitations: 1. Not like an airfield (cycle times, wind over deck, sea state) 2. Flights ops ~12 hours/day 3. Must retain combat power for defense 4. Maintenance affects flight operations

Friendly Force Information Requirements (FFIR)

Category of CCIR; Information the commander and staff need to understand the status of friendly force and supporting capabilities.

Priority Intelligence Requirements (PIR)

Category of CCIR; designated by the commander to focus information collection on the enemy or adversary and the OE to provide information required for decision making. -Should ask only one question. -Support a decision. -Identify a specific fact, event, activity (or absence thereof) which can be collected. -Focus on actions that would cause the plan to become invalid or cause commander to decide to deviate from the plan.

Dynamic Army Resource Priority List (DARPL)

Classified document that provides detailed tactical prioritization of specific units to Integrated Requirement Priority List (IRPL) missions over time: EX: 1/1 CAV will deploy to Atlantic Resolve rotation XX

Crisis Response - HD & DSCA - Global Perspective

Commander, US Northern Command, and Commander, US Pacific Command, have specific responsibilities for HD and DSCA.

Characteristics of the Offense - Surprise

Commanders ____________ enemy forces by attacking at a time or place or in a manner enemy forces did not prepare for or expect. They achieve this by showing enemy forces what they expect to see while actually doing something different.

Smart Power

Complementing a states military and economic hard power with greater investments in soft power.

Building Partnership Capacity (BPC)

Complicated supply lines, finite resources, the challenges of providing robust logistics in austere environments, and shared lines of communications (LOCs) require the ability to establish and foster nontraditional partnerships. ________ is important for sharing the costs and responsibilities, improving information flow, and establishing PN agreements. _______ includes coordination of resources with multinational partners, IGOs, and NGOs. (JP 4-0)

Principle of War - Mass

Concentrate the effects of combat power at the most advantageous place and time to produce decisive results [Joint PoW]

HRC Manning Conference

Conference between Account Managers and Assignment Officers to balance unit requirements with available population

Leadership Style - Compliance

Conforming to a specific requirement or demand L103

- Force protection - Security - General Welfare

Contractors are not of the Chain of Command but Commanders are responsible for what aspects concerning contractors?

- Adequate - Suitable - Feasible - Acceptable - Distinguishable - Complete

Courses of action must meet what six criteria?

National Economic Council (NEC)

Created by Executive Order 12835 in January 1993, President Clinton created the council to address the growing influence of international economic issues on the nation by bringing economic planning to the front of government policy making. Four principal functions: - Coordinate policy-making for domestic and international economic is-sues - Coordinate economic policy advice for the President - Ensure that policy decisions and programs are consistent with the President's economic goals - Monitor implementation of the President's economic policy agenda

The Homeland Security Council (HSC)

Created by the Homeland Security Act of 2002. The statutory members of the _________ are the President, the Vice President, the Secretary of Homeland Security, the Attorney General, the Secretary of Defense, and others as designated by the President. The general function of the Council is to advise the President on homeland security matters and more specifically assess the objectives, commitments, and risks of the United States in the interest of homeland security and oversee and review homeland security policies of the Federal Government, making recommendations to the President as necessary.

Commitment - Affiliative

Creates harmony and builds emotional bonds "People come first." L103

Leadership Style - Commitment

Dedication or allegiance to a cause or organization L103

Compliance - Commanding

Demand immediate compliance "Do it because I say so." L103

Capability Production Document (CPD)

Derived from the Capability Development Document (CDD). _____ is the primary means of providing authoritative and testable capabilities in Phase 4 of DAS.

International Relations Theories - Liberalism

Describes the political and economic systems. - Actors - States/Democratic Institutions - Assumptions - Individuals (states) are good by nature - Source of War - States wish to cooperate with each other and avoid conflict - World View - Anarchy system can be mitigated through laws and institutions - State of Peace - Peace is obtained through collective security/democracy - Endstate - Progress via cooperation

Milestone Decision Authority (MDA)

Designated individual with overall responsibility for a program. The _______ shall have the authority to approve entry of an acquisition program into the next phase of the acquisition process and shall be accountable for cost, schedule, and performance reporting to higher authority, including congressional reporting. Depends on the Acquisition Category (ACAT) level. The Army Acquisition Executive (AAE) is the Assistant Secretary of the Army (Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology) (ASA(ALT)).

2018 National Security Space Strategy

Desired End State: The United States maintains leadership, preeminence, and freedom of action in the space domain.

Science of Control

Detailed systems and procedures to improve the commander's understanding and support execution of missions. 1. Information (Staffs) 2. Communication (Staff, Technical, Feedback) 3. Structure (Command/Support relationships) 4. Degree of control (span/form)

Commitment - Coaching

Develops people for the future "Try this." L103

Principle of War - Objective

Directs every military operation toward a clearly defined, decisive, and achievable goal [Joint PoW]

METT-TC - Enemy

Dispositions (including organization, strength, location, and tactical mobility), doctrine, equipment, capabilities, vulnerabilities, and probable courses of action. (Mission Variable)

Smart Power - Exchange or quid pro quo

Do this and you will be rewarded! L103

Commander Critical Information Requirement (CCIR)

Elements of information that the commander identifies as critical to timely decision making. Belong exclusively to the commander.

1648 Treaty of Westphalia

Ended the 30 year War and Europe and brought about the concept of Sovereignty: • States are self governing • States manage their internal affairs • Other states will not violate • At the heart of international system

- Battle - Disruption - Support

Enemy AORs are broken down into these three zones.

Principle of War - Perseverance

Ensure the commitment necessary to attain the national objectives? [Joint PoW]

Principle of War - Unity of Command

Ensure unity of effort under one responsible commander for every objective [Joint PoW]

Principle of War - Economy of Force

Expend minimum essential combat power on secondary efforts in order to allocate the maximum possible combat power on primary efforts [Joint PoW]

Hard Power - Pressure

Explicit demands or even threats to achieve compliance; micromanaging; persistent checking and reminders; negative consequences are emphasized if the task is not completed L103

HQDA Support Specialty Commands

Field Operating Agencies (FOA) and Direct Reporting Units (DRU) are a category of organizations within the Department of the Army that of produce special services that report directly to HQDA.

Joint Fires Definition

Fires delivered during the employment of forces from two or more components in coordinated action to produce desired effects in support of a common objective. [Joint Function]

Stability Mechanism - Control

Focuses on imposing civil order. Includes securing borders, routes, sensitive sites, population centers and individuals. Also involves physically occupying key terrain and facilities. [Stability Mechanism]

Prepositioning Program

For this program, ships normally are strategically located in three areas near the world's potential hot spots, ready to sail and off-load their combat cargo at a moment's notice

Primary Tasks (Defense) - Retrograde - Withdrawal

Force in contact disengages from an enemy force and moves in a direction away from the enemy

Terrain oriented objectives

Force oriented objectives allow greater freedom of action than _______

Primary Tasks (Defense) - Retrograde - Retirement

Force out of contact moves away from the enemy

Primary Tasks (Defense) - Retrograde - Delay

Force under pressure trades space for time by slowing down the enemy's momentum and inflicting max damage on the enemy without, in principle, becoming decisively engaged

Commitment - Democratic

Forges consensus through participation "What do you think?" L103

Ethical Organization

Formal (training, policy, etc) and informal systems (norms, rituals, myths, etc) and personal ethical behavior leaders (do, say, believe) should result in a ______________ L108

Army Prepositioned Stocks (APS)

Forward staged, predetermined stocks of Army equipment and supplies. Categories: 1. Activity Sets 2. Unit Equipment Sets 3. Operational Projects (OPROJ) 4. Army War Reserve Sustainment 5. War Reserve Stock for Allies

ISSA - Common Servicing

Functions performed by one Service in support of another for which reimbursement is not required. (Army provides CL I and water for all land forces.)

Country Plans

Geographic CCMDs prepare selected _________________ in collaboration with their respective Senior Defense Officials/Defense Attachés (SDOs/DATTs)(works for Embassy), security cooperation organizations (SCOs)(works for CCDR), Services, and Defense agencies. A __________ describes how the CCMD, working with the U.S. country team, will engage with the partner country, utilize required resources to achieve both U.S. and partner country security objectives, and the role the partner has agreed to play or is expected to play in the campaign; and, it must be consistent with the bilateral security agreements that govern the U.S.-partner country relationship. A __________ complements its corresponding ICS. The ICS is the Chief of Mission's (COMs) ways and means to integrate all USG activities in-country over a timeframe of 3 years to achieve the Mission's goals.

Situation Templates

Graphic depiction of expected adversary force dispositions within the constraints of weather and terrain

History

Great value of _________ in the practical world is in the habit of mind that it encourages: - Unwillingness to accept positions on blithe assumptions - Understanding of how time, event, cause and effect work

1. Create mutual trust 2. Spend time on learning activities 3. Embrace failure as learning opportunities 4. Align resources to meet learning priorities 5. Role model, teach, and coach 6. Reward innovation and experimentation

How does one build a supportive command climate through leader actions? L106

The SECDEF can attach (temporary) or assign (give it to them permanently) those forces to the CCDR, it will be an OPCON C2 authority, but it could be TACON. The CCDR sends up a RFF through the JCS via the GFM

How does the CCDR get additional forces?

1. ACAT I (Defense Acquisition Executive (DAE), Army Acquisition Executive (AAE)) 2. ACAT IA (DAE, AAE) 3. ACAT II (AAE) 4. ACAT III (Program Executive Officer (PEO)) *Most programs are here

How many Acquisition Categories (ACAT) are there in for DAS?

1 Active Army 2 Army National Guard (ARNG) 3 U.S. Army Reserve (USAR) 4 Requirements to accomplish the Army's missions; not resourced. 5 Not matched units 6 Army prepositioned stocks of equipment sets 7 Direct host nation support 8 Indirect host nation support 9 Logistics civil augmentation program, which comprise force structure offsets.

How many components are in the Army Force Structure?

Integrating Process

IPB, Targeting, Risk Management

Difference between attack and a movement to contact

In an attack, the commander knows part of the enemy's disposition.

Principle of War - Simplicity

Increase the probability that plans and operations will be executed as intended by preparing clear, uncomplicated plans and concise orders [Joint PoW]

Failed State

Indicators of a ___________ are breakdown of law, order, and basic services, such as education and health for the population. It can also no longer maintain itself as a workable political and economic entity.

PMESII-PT - Economic

Individual and group behaviors related to producing, distributing, and consuming resources

Materiel Development Decision (MDD)

It is a point in time where the Joint Capability Integration and Development System (JCIDS) analysis has identified a capability gap/need and a _______________ review has determined a materiel solution is needed. It is the formal point that initiates the Materiel Solutions Analysis (MSA) Phase 1 of DAS. Decision made by the Milestone Decision Authority (MDA), who is the Defense Acquisition Executive (DAE), Army Acquisition Executive (AAE), or Program Executive Officer (PEO).

What is the UJTL useful for?

It provides a list of tasks across the Joint Functions that are common to the Joint Force. It is great for a planner, because it provides general tasks for Component Commands.

Joint Function Sustainment

Joint _______________ is the provision of logistics and personnel services to maintain operations through mission accomplishment and redeployment of the force. [Joint Function]

- Air - Land - Sea - Space - Information (to include Cyber)

Joint doctrine recognizes what five domains?

Modification Table of Organization and Equipment (MTOE)

Key output of FDP Phase 5. ______________ provides a modified version of Table of Organization and Equipment (TOE) that prescribes the organization, personnel, and equipment necessary to perform a mission in a specific geographical or operational environment. States both required and authorized allowances of personnel and equipment

French Revolution

Late 18th century revolution; Napoleon organized the entire country to go to war. Married men forged weapons and transport, young men will go to battle, women will make tents and uniforms, children will make old clothes into bandages, and old men will motivate people in the square. Caused by: - Weak monarch (Louis XVI) - France was broke - Feudalism - 3 estates - American revolution - exposed France to ideas - Age of the enlightenment

Halo of Excellence

Leader imposes stress to improve and reach peak performance. Elastic Deformation: absorb stress and return to normal function Plastic Deformation: bend point... requires resilience to return to normal function Fracture Point: Permanent change and possibly permanent damage L107

Who, what, when, where, and why

List the five elements of a mission statement? *If you don't know this, choke yourself.

Unit Equipment Reutilization Working Group (UERWG)

Local Division and below level management process to provide a deploying unit necessary equipment from internal organizational assets.

Operational Contract Support (OCS)

Logistic support requirements are often met through ________ with commercial entities inside and outside the AO. Most joint operations will require a level of this support. Certain items or services could be essential to deploying, sustaining, and redeploying joint forces effectively.

Army Materiel Command (AMC)

Logistics organization that develops and delivers materiel readiness solutions to ensure globally dominant land force capabilities

Stability - Support Economic and Infrastructure Development

Long-term peace and stability require sustainable host-nation economic and infrastructure development. The end state is the creation of a sustainable economy. [Stability]

Tenets of MN Ops - Trust and Confidence

MN Force Commanders (MNFC) must engage with other MN force leaders to build personal relationships and develop ___________ (Tenet of Multinational Operations)

Principle of War - Legitimacy

Maintain legal and moral authority in the conduct of operations? [Joint PoW]

ROMO - Connection between Military Engagement and Security Cooperation

Military engagement occurs as part of security cooperation, but also extends to interaction with domestic civilian authorities.

Army Corps

Most versatile headquarters. Functions as the principal integrator of landpower into campaigns and is the link between the operational and tactical levels of war. Prefered Army HQ for joint augmentation and employment as a JTF. The Army has three __________ headquarters.

Commitment - Visionary

Moves people towards shared dreams "Come with me." L103

Fleet*** (Navy)

Navy equal to Army Corps, MEF, Air Force echelons (***)

Company trains

Normally positioned 1-2 km or one terrain feature terrain behind the Forward Line of Own Troops (FLOT)

Battalion combat trains

Normally positioned in traversable terrain, 1-4 kilometers away from the company's combat operations and outside of enemy mortar range.

Tenets of MN Ops - Knowledge of Partners

Obtain an understanding of each members doctrine, capabilities, goals, culture, religion, history and values (Tenet of Multinational Operations)

Logistic Civil Augmentation Program (LOGCAP)

One of several choices for support: Organic, Host Nation then ____________. Regulatory Program that is the pre-planned use of global corporate resources to support contingency operations accomplished through the augmentation of combat support/combat service support (CS/CSS) force structure capabilities

Decision Support Tool

Online tool managed by Army Sustainment command that assists in management and distribution of equipment

Expeditionary Sustainment Command (ESC)

Operational command post of the Theater Sustainment Command (TSC) to expand is span of control. Focuses on a particular AO or JOA

- Area of Operations - Decisive-Shaping-Sustaining - Deep-Close-Support-Consolidation - Main and Supporting Effort

Operational frameworks are a cognitive tool used to assist commanders and staffs in clearly visualizing and describing the application of combat power in time, space, purpose, and resources. What are the four types of frameworks?

Integrated Requirement Priority List (IRPL)

Operational guidance linking Army and Joint priorities. EX: Army will support Operational Atlantic Resolve to reassure NATO allies.

Operational Art - LOOs - Exterior Lines

Operations converge on the enemy - Advantages: 1. Offer opportunities to encircle and annihilate an enemy force. 2. Can attack simultaneously along enemy's defensive line to prevent massing of forces. - Disadvantages: 1. Possibility of extended, unprotected lines of communication

Operational Art - LOOs - Interior Lines

Operations diverge from a central position. - Advantages: 1. Reinforce or concentrate elements faster than the enemy force can reposition. 2. Shorter, more secure lines of communication. - Disadvantages: 1. Usually defensive, allowing freedom of maneuver to the enemy.

Operational Variables

PMESII-PT (Joint is just PMESII) is the _______ variable used for analysis of the operational environment provides the relevant information that senior commanders require to frame operational problems. Describe not only the military aspects of an OE but also the population's influence on it.

Global Force Management Allocation Plan (GFMAP)

Part of the Guidance for Employment of the Force (GEF), it provides orders to forces from SECDEF.

Global Force Management Implementation Guidance (GFMIG)

Part of the Guidance for Employment of the Force (GEF). Forces assigned to CCDRs are identified in the _________, which is signed by SecDef. (JP 1)

Tenets of MN Ops - Rapport

Personal and direct relationships foster teamwork and improve overall unity of effort (Tenet of Multinational Operations)

International Relations Theories - Realism

Perspective sees struggle, conflict and competition as inevitable in the international system. - Actors - States - Assumption - Individuals are selfish by nature - Source of War - States are guided by national interests and pursuit of power - World View - Relations among states are anarchic - State of Peace - Peace is obtained through a balance of power - Endstate - Zero-sum game

Principle of War - Maneuver

Place the enemy in a position of disadvantage through the flexible application of combat power [Joint PoW]

Prescriptive vs. Descriptive

Prescriptive doctrine must be followed to comply with law, common language, control measures, reports, while descriptive doctrine leaders should apply judgement with the OE and mission variables in mind and deviate when need and justified.

Joint Function Protection

Preservation of the effectiveness and survivability of mission-related military and nonmilitary personnel, equipment, facilities, information, and infrastructure deployed or located within or outside the boundaries of a given operational area. [Joint Function]

Principle of War - Security

Prevent the enemy from acquiring unexpected advantage [Joint PoW]

Principle of War - Restraint

Prevent the unnecessary use of force [Joint PoW]

Instrument of National Power - Informational

Previously considered in the context of traditional nation-states, the concept of ______________ as an instrument of national power extends to non-state actors—such as terrorists and transnational criminal groups—that are using __________ to further their causes and undermine those of the USG and our allies. DOD operates in a dynamic age of interconnected global networks and evolving social media platforms. Every DOD action that is planned or executed, word that is written or spoken, and image that is displayed or relayed, communicates the intent of DOD, and by extension the USG, with the resulting potential for strategic effects

Senior Defense Official (SDO)

Principal military advisor to Chief of Mission/Ambassador and principal embassy liaison with Host Nation defense establishments

Joint Function Protection - Critical Asset List

Prioritized list of assets or areas, normally identified by phase of the operation and approved by the joint force commander, that should be defended against air and missile threats

JFACC (Joint Force Air Component Commander)

Provide unity of effort for air and space operations. Can be any component CDR (USN, USMC, USAF) Preponderance of air assets Capability to plan, task and control

Amphibious Objective Area

Provides a cut of air, land, sea for an amphibious force to operate

Forward Logistics Element (FLE)

Provides a temporary increase in sustainment capability to a specific unit or location (operational reach and provide options). No formal composition.

USTRANSCOM - Air Mobility Command (AMC)

Provides airlift, air refueling, special air mission, and aeromedical evacuation for U.S. forces

USTRANSCOM - Military Surface Deployment & Distribution Command (SDDC)

Provides global surface deployment command & control and distribution operations to meet national security objectives in peace and war

USTRANSCOM - Military Sealift Command (MSC)

Provides reliable and efficient sealift, combat logistics forces, special mission ships and maritime services to meet customer requirements

DAS Phase 1 - Materiel Solutions Analysis

Purpose: Conduct analysis and other activities needed to choose the concept for the product that will be acquired, begin translating capability gaps into system specific requirements. Major activities: − Conduct Analysis of Alternatives (AoA), are there other solutions (partial or complete) already in place? - Build Key Performance Parameters (KPP) and Key System Attributes (KSA) − Goals for cost, schedule, and performance = Acquisition Program Baseline (APB) − Draft Capability Development Document (CDD) developed by CAPDEV

DAS Phase 5 - Operations and Support

Purpose: Most costly phase. Execution of a support program that meets materiel readiness and operational support performance requirements and sustains the system in the most cost-effective manner over its total life-cycle. (to include disposal). Major Activities: - Sustainment − Program resources and ensure IP deliverables, license rights, tools and equipment are acquired to support each level of maintenance − Apply cost reduction techniques through close coordination with war fighting sponsor (user) and other stakeholders - Ends when system disposed of

DAS Phase 2 - Technology Maturation and Risk Reduction

Purpose: Reduce technology, engineering, integration, and life cycle cost so a decision to contract for DAS Phase 3 can be made with confidence in successful program execution for development, production, and sustainment. Major activities: − Capability to produce prototype components (MRL 5) - Prototype demonstrated in a relevant environment (TRL 6) − Capability Development Document (CDD) validation - Acquisition Program Baseline (APB) assessment - Milestone B is formal initiation as an acquisition program

DAS Phase 3 - Engineering and Manufacturing Development

Purpose: To develop, build, and test a product to verify that all operational and derived requirements have been met, and to support production or deployment decisions. Major activities: − System prototype demonstrated in an operational environment (TRL 7) - System achieves Key Performance Parameters (KPP) and Key System Attributes (KSA) - Acquisition Program Baseline (APB) assessment *Milestone C Approval depends on specific criteria outlined in Milestone B being met.

DAS Phase 4 - Production and Deployment

Purpose: To produce and deliver requirements-compliant products to receiving military organizations. Major Activities (in order): − Low rate initial production (LRIP). - System completed and qualified through test and demonstration (TRL 8) − Full Rate Production (FRP) Review by Milestone Decision Authority (MDA). − Initial Operational Capability (IOC) is the first attainment of the capability by a MTOE unit - System mission proven through successful operations (TRL 9) − Sustainment and support initiated - Full Operational Capability (FOC) accomplished

Defense

Purposes: - Create conditions for counteroffensive to regain the initiative - Retain decisive terrain or deny a vital area to an enemy - Attrite or fix enemy as a prelude to offensive tasks - Countering enemy action - Increasing enemy's vulnerability by forcing enemy commander to concentrate forces

Reconnaissance by Fire

Reconnaissance elements place direct or indirect fire on positions where there is a reasonable suspicion of enemy occupation. The goal is to cause the enemy to react by moving or returning fire and disclose their disposition or willingness to fight. Use this when: - Identifies a natural or manufactured obstacle with suspicion of enemy nearby. - Detects an obvious kill zone. - Identifies a suspected enemy position that fits the situational template. - Determines signs of recent activity (such as track marks or trash). - Locates probable enemy bunker complexes

PN Cooperation - Rationalization

Refers to any action that increases the effectiveness of MNFs through more efficient or effective use of defense resources committed to the MNF.

Tenets of MN Ops - Patience

Relationships take time to develop (Tenet of Multinational Operations)

Army Service Component Command (ASCC) / Theater Army

Responsible for recommendations to the joint force commander on the allocation and employment of Army forces within a combatant command (JP 1-02). ADCON of all Army force in AOR. Limited capability to act as JTF or LCC for limited duration small scale operations. Each GCC/(Sub)Unified Command with Army units has an ______. 1. U.S. Army Africa / Southern European Task Force (USARAF / SETAF), Vicenza, Italy. 2. U.S. Army, Europe (USAREUR), Wiesbaden, GE. 3. U.S. Army, Central (USARCENT), Shaw Air Force Base, SC. 4. U.S. Army North (USARNORTH), Fort Sam Houston, TX. 5. U.S. Army South (USARSO), Fort Sam Houston, TX. 6. U.S. Army Pacific (USARPAC), Fort Shafter, HI. 7. U.S. Army Special Operations Command (USASOC), Fort Bragg, NC. 8. Military Surface Deployment and Distribution Command (SDDC), Scott Air Force Base, IL. 9. U.S. Army Space and Missile Defense Command / Army Forces Strategic Command (USASMDC / ARSTRAT), Huntsville, AL. 10 U.S. Army Cyber Command (ARCYBER), Fort Meade, MD.

Army Vision (AV)

Section I of TAP. SECARMY/CSA Vision describing the Army's goals and objectives. The "ends" component of the Army strategy.

Army Strategic Plan (ASP)

Section II of TAP. Building on the AV, it articulates how the Army will fulfill Title 10 responsibilities based on anticipated future strategic environment (10 years). Led by G3/5/7

Principle of War - Offensive

Seize, retain, and exploit the initiative [Joint PoW]

Compliance - Pacesetting

Sets high standards for performance "Do as I do, now." L103

Elements of Joint Operational Design - Anticipation

Shared common understanding of the OE aids commanders and their staffs in anticipating opportunities and challenges

Principle of War - Surprise

Strike at a time or place or in a manner for which the enemy is unprepared [Joint PoW]

Tenets of MN Ops - Mission Focus

Temper the need for respect, rapport, knowledge, and patience with the requirement to ensure that the necessary tasks are accomplished (Tenet of Multinational Operations)

National Caveats

Term for restrictions member nations place on the use of their forces. Nations do not relinquish their national interests by participating in multinational operations

ISSA - Joint Servicing

That function performed by a jointly staffed and financed activity in support of two or more services. (e.g. Postal Services)

ARFOR - Army Support to Other Services (ASOS)

The ARFOR HQ manages ______________ including: Missile defense, Fire support, Base defense, Transportation, Fuel distribution, General engineering, Intratheater medical evacuation, Veterinary services, Logistics management, Communications, Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear defense, Consequence management capability, Explosive ordnance disposal.

- Regular Army - Army Reserve - Army Civilian Corps - Contractors

The Army Organization is comprised of the following:

1. Contracting Officer Representative (COR) 2. Contracting Officer (KO)

The Commander must work through their subordinate 1.___________ and the 2.___________ to modify or direct a contractor.

- Theater Strategies (Derived from the UCP missions and responsibilities) - Global and Theater Campaign Plans (GCP, TCP; focus on global and theater end states) - Contingency Plans (detailed branches and sequels to GCP, TCP) - Subordinate Campaign Plans (nested under TCP and relevant GCP) - Campaign support plans (priorities and tasks to support TCPs and GCPs)

The Guidance for Employment of the Force (GEF) and Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan (JSCP) provide CCDRs with specific planning guidance for preparation of their ____________________ strategies/plans. (JP 1)

Embassy

The HQ of the mission is the US embassy, usually located in the capital city of the HN. Although the various USG departments and agencies that make up the mission may have individual HQ elsewhere in the country, the ____________ is the focal point for interagency coordination within that country.

Sociocultural Factors - Power and Authority

The JIPOE effort should identify how both formal and informal powers are apportioned and used within a society. In some operations, informal power holders, such as social elites, ethnic leaders, and religious figures, are more important than formal power holders. Often, the key power holders with connections and influence in a society operate behind the scenes, and are therefore difficult to identify and assess. JIPOE products should identify these key individuals and assess their motivations and strategies. (JP 2-01.3)

Instrument of National Power - Military

The US employs the ___________ instrument of national power at home and abroad in support of its national security goals.

Analysis of Alternatives (AoA)

The _______ assess the potential system-level materiel solutions to satisfy the selected materiel concept (approach) documented in the validated Initial Capabilities Document (ICD). DAS Phase 1

National Defense Strategy (NDS)

The _________, signed by SecDef, outlines DOD's approach to implementing the President's NSS. The _____ supports the NSS by establishing a set of overarching defense objectives that guide DOD's security activities and provide direction for the NMS. The ______ objectives serve as links between military activities and those of other USG departments and agencies in pursuit of national goals. This document provides the ways in the ends, ways, and means construct.

National Security Strategy (NSS)

The _________, signed by the President, addresses the tasks that, as a Nation, are necessary to provide enduring security for the American people and shape the global environment. It provides a broad strategic context for employing military capabilities in concert with other instruments of national power. In the ends, ways, and means construct, the ________ provides the ends. The National Security Council (NSC) is the principal policymaking forum responsible for the strategic-level implementation of the __________. (JP 1)

National Military Strategy (NMS)

The __________, signed by the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS), supports the aims of the NSS and implements the NDS. It describes the Armed Forces' plan to achieve military objectives in the near term and provides a vision for maintaining a force capable of meeting future challenges. (JP 1)

Primary Tasks (Defense) - Area Defense

The ___________ is a defensive task that concentrates on denying enemy forces access to designated terrain for a specific time rather than destroying the enemy outright (ADRP 3-90).

Country Team

The ___________, headed by the COM, is the senior in-country interagency coordinating body. It is composed of the COM, DCM, section heads, the senior member of each USG department or agency in country, and other USG personnel, as determined by the COM. Each member presents the position of the parent organization to the country team and conveys -_______ considerations back to the parent organization. The COM confers with the ___________ to develop and implement foreign policy toward the HN and to disseminate decisions to the members of the mission. Senior Defense Officer for the Country (DATT).

Primary Tasks (Defense) - Mobile Defense

The ____________ is a defensive task that concentrates on the destruction or defeat of the enemy through a decisive attack by a striking force (ADRP 3-90). Typically a Division level, because they need a BCT to performing the striking force.

Information Environment - Physical Dimension

The _____________ is composed of C2 systems, key decision makers, and supporting infrastructure that enable individuals and organizations to create effects. The physical dimension includes, but is not limited to, human beings, C2 facilities, newspapers, books, microwave towers, computer processing units, laptops, smart phones, tablet computers, or any other objects that are subject to empirical measurement.

Guidance for Employment of the Force (GEF)

The _____________, signed by SecDef, provides Presidential and SecDef politicomilitary guidance. The ______ is guided by the Unified Command Plan (UCP) and National Defense Strategy (NDS) and forms the basis for strategic policy guidance, campaign plans, and the Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan (JSCP).

Information Environment - Information Dimension

The ______________ specifies where and how information is collected, processed, stored, disseminated, and protected. It is the dimension where the C2 of military forces is exercised and where the commander's intent is conveyed. Actions in this dimension affect the content and flow of information.

Unified Command Plan (UCP)

The ______________, signed by the President, establishes CCMD missions and CCDR responsibilities, addresses assignment of forces, delineates geographic AORs for GCCs, and specifies responsibilities for FCCs

Information Environment - Cognitive Dimension

The _______________ encompasses the minds of those who transmit, receive, and respond to or act on information. It refers to individuals' or groups' information processing, perception, judgment, and decision making.

Army Organizational Life Cycle Model (AOLCM)

The ________________ graphically captures the continuous cycle of developing, employing, maintaining, and eliminating organizations. The Army force management approach recognizes the need to understand modernization and change as a complex adaptive system. It provides a conceptual framework to both analyze and assess Army change efforts.

Primary Tasks (Defense) - Retrograde

The ________________ is a defensive task that involves organized movement away from the enemy (ADRP 3-90). Includes delay, withdrawal, and retirement.

PMESII-PT - Time

The _____ing and duration of activities, events, or conditions within an OE, as well as how the timing and duration are perceived by the actors in the OE

Task-Organizing

The act of designing an operating force, support staff, or sustainment package of specific size and composition to meet a unique task or mission.

Defeat Mechanism - Destroy

The application of lethal combat power on an enemy capability so that it can no longer perform any function [Defeat Mechanism]

Tactical Control (TACON)

The authority over forces that is limited to the detailed direction and control of movements or maneuvers within the operational area necessary to accomplish missions or tasks assigned. (JP 1).

Operational Control (OPCON)

The authority to perform those functions of command over subordinate forces involving organizing and employing commands and forces, assigning tasks, designating objectives, and giving authoritative direction necessary to accomplish the mission. (JP 1)

PMESII-PT - Infrastructure

The basic facilities, services, and installations needed for the functioning of a community or society

Land Component Commander (LCC)

The commander within a unified command, subordinate unified command, or joint task force responsible to the establishing commander for recommending the proper employment of assigned,attached, and/or made available for tasking land forces; planning and coordinating land operations; or accomplishing such operational missions as may be assigned (ADRP 1-02)

Paradox of Learning

The conflict in organization between the desire to maintain a predictable and stable environment and the need to adapt, innovate, and improve to solve problems and achieve results. L106

Interagency Coordination

The coordination that occurs between elements of DoD and engaged USG agencies to achieve an objective

Art of Command

The creative and skillful exercise of authority through decision-making and leadership. Motivation, command presence, & command climate.

PMESII-PT - Social

The cultural, religious, and ethnic makeup within an operational environment and the beliefs, values, customs, and behaviors of society members

PMESII-PT - Political

The distribution of responsibility and power at all levels of governance—formally constituted authorities, as well as informal or covert political powers

- Contested norms - Persistent disorder

The emerging security environment [JOE 2035] can be described by two distinct but related sets of challenges. The first is 1_____________, in which increasingly powerful revisionist states and select non-state actors will use any and all elements of power to establish their own sets of rules in ways unfavorable to the United States and its interests. The second is 2.____________, characterized by an array of weak states that become increasingly incapable of maintaining domestic order or good governance. These twin challenges are likely to disrupt or otherwise undermine a security environment that will remain largely favorable to the United States, but less overtly congruent with U.S. interests.

State

The following is needed to qualify as a ___________: 1. Permanent population 2. Defined territory 3. Government 4. Capacity to enter into relations with other states

PMESII-PT - Physical Environment

The geography and manmade structures, as well as the climate and weather in the AO

METT-TC - Civil Considerations

The influence of manmade infrastructure, civilian institutions, and activities of the civilian leaders, populations, and organizations within an AO on military operations. ________________ comprise of six characteristics - ASCOPE. (Mission Variable)

Interorganizational Cooperation

The interaction that occurs among elements of DoD, participating USG departments and agencies, state, territorial, local, tribal agencies; foreign military forces and government agencies; international organizations, non-governmental organizations, and the private sector

Soft Power - Relationship Building

The leader builds a solid relationship with his/her subordinates based on trust, dignified and respectful treatment, sincere caring and genuine concern L103

Soft Power - Inspiration

The leader builds enthusiasm, conviction, and connects with the followers' emotions. Can appeal to the personal pride. L103

Hard Power - Legitimate Request

The leader can refer to their position as a source of authority; this implies the potential for official action if the request is not carried out effectively. L103

Smart Power - Apprising

The leader explains why a request will be beneficial to a follower L103

Soft Power - Participation

The leader gets the followers involved in planning, problem solving, change initiatives, and as appropriate, decision making L103

Soft Power - Ingratiation

The leader gives praise and acts friendly to make the follower feel special and think higher of the leader; negatively known as "sucking up," it can be used to make good first impressions L103

Soft Power - Personal appeals

The leader makes requests based on loyalty and friendship; these requests may highlight the subordinate's special talents, abilities, or trustworthiness. L103

Smart Power - Collaboration

The leader provides assistance and/or resources to carry out a task; there may also be a pledge of personal support which may go beyond normal command support. L103

Smart Power - Rational Persuasion

The leader uses facts, details, hard data, evidence, logical arguments, and explanations showing why a request is important L103

Personal Power

The leader, using his or her expertise or force of personality, earns it by gaining the trust, admiration, and respect of the followers. It is divided into two categories, expert power and referent power: - Expert power is based on the knowledge and expertise one has in relation to followers. It is being the subject matter expert (SME). - Referent power refers to the strength of the professional relationship and personal bond leaders develop with their followers. Leaders can offset a lack of expert power by leveraging their referent power. L103

PMESII-PT - Military

The military and paramilitary capabilities of all relevant actors (enemy, friendly, and neutral) in a given operational environment

Navy & Marine Corps

The nation's principle maritime force is comprised of ______ & ________

ROMO - Major Operations and Campaigns

The nature and scope of some missions may require joint forces to conduct large-scale combat operations to achieve national strategic objectives or protect national interests. This includes offense, defense, & stability operations

PMESII-PT - Information

The nature, scope, characteristics, and effects of individuals, organizations, and systems that collect, process, disseminate, or act on information

METT-TC - Troops Available

The number, type, capabilities, and condition of support available friendly troops and support - including supplies, services, and available support available from joint, host nation and unified action partners. Also, support from civilians and contractors. (Mission Variable)

Instrument of National Power - Diplomatic

The principal instrument for engaging with other states and foreign groups to advance US values, interests, and objectives, and to solicit foreign support for US military operations

Force Tailoring

The process of determining the right mix of forces and the sequence of their deployment in support of a joint force commander. (ADRP 3-0)

Assessment

The process that evaluates changes in the environment and measures progress of the joint force towards mission accomplishment is ________________.

Army Program Guidance Memorandum (APGM)

The purpose of the _________ , section IV of TAP, is to focus Army financial resources on senior leaders' priorities and to manage risk in accordance with senior leaders' guidance. Led by G8 and updated annually.

Army Planning Guidance (APG)

The purpose of the ___________, section III of TAP, is to enhance focus on planning versus prioritization. Led by G3/5/7 and updated annually.

Army Campaign Plan (ACP)

The purpose of the _____________ , section V of TAP, directs planning and execution of the Army's activities and operations across DOTMLPF-P domains and within force integration functional areas. Identifies and oversee 8 Strategic Efforts (SE) along 3 focus areas (Readiness, Future Army, and Care of Troops) designated by the Army Senior Leaders. Led by G3/5/7 through an annual OPORD

Industrial Revolution

The rapid ability to build, arm, and increase lethality of an army through improvements in manufacturing and technology in the late 18th century; financial and economic power based on industrialization, technological revolution in land warfare and transport), the fisher revolution in naval warfare: the all big gun battleship and battle fleet

Elements of Joint Operational Design - Termination

The specified standards approved by the President and or the Secretary of Defense that must be met before a joint operations can be concluded. (JP 1-02)

Unified Action

The synchronization, coordination, and/or integration of the activities of governmental and nongovernmental entities with military operations to achieve unity of effort. Partners: Those military forces, governmental an nongovernmental organizations, and elements of the private sector with whom Army forces plan, coordinate, synchronize, and integrate during the conduct of operations

Combined Arms

The synchronized and simultaneous application of arms to achieve an effect greater than if each arm was used separately or sequentially. (ADRP 3-0)

METT-TC - Mission

The task, together with the purpose, that clearly indicates the action to be taken and the reason therefore (Mission Variable)

- Pull - Push

There are two reconnaissance techniques commanders employ to answer information requirements: reconnaissance ______ and reconnaissance ______. Commanders employ these techniques based on their level of understanding of the operational environment combined with the time available to refine their understanding.

Field Army (Eighth US Army)

There is currently one of these in the Republic of Korea and is subordinate to the United States Forces Korea, a subordinate unified (sub-unified command ) of USINDOPACOM

ROMO - Military Engagement, Security Cooperation, and Deterrence

These ongoing activities establish, shape, maintain, and refine relations with other nations and include military engagement activities with domestic civil authorities (e.g., state governors or local law enforcement). Generally includes: Emergency preparedness, arms control, nonproliferation, disarmament, combating terrorism, support to CD, sanction enforcement, enforcement of exclusion zones, freedom of navigation and overflight, SFA, FID, humanitarian aid, protection of shipping, show of force, & COIN

ROMO - Crisis Response and Limited Contingency Operations

These operations can range from an independent, small-scale, noncombat operation, such as support of civil authorities, up to a supporting component of extended major noncombat and/or combat operations. Generally includes: NEO, PO, FHA, Recover, Strikes, Raids, HD, & DSCA

Hard Power - Coalition

These tactics are used when the leader asks for assistance or support of others in order to influence the target person L103

Army Sustainment Brigade

This Army unit at the Brigade-leve executes missions for supplies and services, port opening, and distribution

National Defense Authorization Act of 1986

This act established USSOCOM

Army Division

This army echelon operates as a tactical HQ for decisive action under OPCON of an Army Corps (3-star) or MEF (3-star). Primary role is tactical.

Army Operating Concept (AOC)

This concept describes role of future Army forces, as part of joint, inter-organizational, and multinational efforts

IGO - UN - Security Council

This council has five permanent members (China, France, Russia, UK, and US) and 10 non-permanent members

Irregular Warfare (IW)

This form of warfare is characterized as a violent struggle among state and non-state actors for legitimacy and influence over the relevant population(s). This form is labeled as irregular in order to highlight its non-Westphalian context. The strategic point of ________ is to gain or maintain control or influence over, and the support of, a relevant population (JP 1)

Traditional warfare

This form of warfare is characterized as a violent struggle for domination between nation-states or coalitions and alliances of nation-states. This form is labeled as traditional because it has been the preeminent form of warfare in the West since the Peace of Westphalia (1648) that reserved for the nation-state alone a monopoly on the legitimate use of force. The strategic purpose of _______________ is the imposition of a nation's will on its adversary nation-state(s) and the avoidance of its will being imposed upon us. (JP 1)

Joint Function Protection of the Force

This joint function focuses on force protection and has four major ways: • Active defense measures; • Passive defense measures; • Application of technology and procedures; and • Emergency management and response.

Soft Power - Consultation

This occurs when the leader asks the target audience how a mission should be accomplished, a task carried out, or a difficult change implemented. L103

Joint Function Protection - Defended Asset List

Those assets from the critical asset list prioritized by the joint force commander to be defended with the resources available. Considerations: Critically, Vulnerability, Threat, & Available Protection Assets

Transnational Threats

Threats to the international system that cross state borders. Two broad categories: 1. Direct threats from human beings (terrorism, organized crime) 2. Threats from impersonal forces (disease and international pandemics, population growth and migration, resource shortfalls)

True

True or False. Contingency plans are developed in anticipation of a potential crisis outside of crisis conditions.

- USSOCOM HQ - USASOC - AFSOC - NAVSPECWARCOM - MARSOC - JSOC

USSOCOM consist of what six component commands?

Multinational Parallel Command Structure

Under a _______________, no single force commander is designated. The MNF leadership must develop a means for coordination among the participants to achieve unity of effort. This can be accomplished through the use of coordination centers. Nonetheless, because of the absence of a single commander, the use of a _________ command structure should be avoided, if at all possible. Greater staff effectiveness within each nation's militaries. Sustainment is easier as each nation has its own support structure. ___________ structure makes it difficult to make a decision. Coordination and synchronization is more difficult between the US and other countries.

Stability Mechanism - Compel

Use, or threatened use, of lethal force to establish control and dominance, effect behavioral change, or enforce compliance with mandates, agreements, or civil authority. [Stability Mechanism]

Arranging Operations - Branches

Used for changing the mission, orientation, or direction of movement of a force to aid success of the operation based on anticipated events, opportunities, or disruptions caused by enemy actions and reactions.

- Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System (JCIDS) - Defense Acquisition System (DAS) - Planning Programming budgeting & execution (PPBE)

What are DOD's three primary Decision Support Systems?

- Technology - Discipline - Military Traditions - Innovation - System of financing war

What are Geoffrey Parker's five factors of the 'Western Way of War'?

- Interests (learn concerns) - Legitimacy - Relationships (cooperative, looking to future) - Alternatives: Best alternative to a Negotiated Agreement (BATNA). Strive for better than BATNA - Options (Fairness, multiple choices) - Commitments (clear, realistic, supported) - Communication (open, two-way)

What are Patton's seven elements of negotiation? Framework to work from and to minimize surprises and take advantage of opportunities when negotiating. L110

• Security of forces and means • Defense counter air (DCA) • Global ballistic missile defense • Defensive use of information-related capabilities (IRCs) • Personal recovery (PR) • CBRN defense • Antiterrorism (AT) • Combat identification (CID) • Critical infrastructure protection • Counter-Improvised Explosive Device (C-IED) operations • Identify and neutralize insider threats • Protection of civilians

What are some Joint Function Protection considerations?

• Organize, train, equip SOF • Develop SOF strategy, doctrine, and tactics • Program and budget for SOF • Procure SOF-peculiar equipment • Monitor management of SOF personnel • Ensure interoperability • Conduct internal audits

What are some USSOCOM T10 authorities?

1. Persistent presence 2. Forward deployed 3. Economy of force

What are some United State Marine Corps (USMC) advantages?

- Hierarchical - Limited social mobility - Agriculturally based economy - Limited education

What are some attributes of Medieval Society?

• Highly individualized • Extreme training or none • Private armies • Mercenaries • Focused on shock cavalry

What are some attributes of Medieval Warfare?

- Geography - Transportation - Logistics Capability - Logistic Enhancements - Logistic Infrastructure Protection

What are some considerations during Theater Logistics Analysis (TLA)?

- Minimum safe distance (ammo) - Compatibility (fuel/water/DFAC/latrines) - Medical facility / mortuary affairs - BSA defense (size of the perimeter) - Number of occupants

What are some considerations for size of the Brigade Support Area (BSA)?

- Cover and concealment (natural terrain or man-made structures). - Room for dispersion - Level, firm ground - Helicopter landing sites. - Distance from known or templated enemy indirect fire assets. - Good road or trail networks. - Good routes in and out of the area 8. Access to lateral routes. - Good access or positioned along the main supply route. - Positioned away from likely enemy avenues of approach

What are some considerations for the location of the Brigade Support Area (BSA)?

• Direct action • Special reconnaissance • Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction • Counterterrorism • Unconventional warfare • Foreign internal defense • Security force assistance • Hostage Rescue and Recovery • Counterinsurgency • Foreign Humanitarian Assistance • Military Information Support Operations • Civil Affairs Operations • Other Activities specified by POTUS or SECDEF

What are some core activities of the Special Operations Forces (SOF)?

• Employment of Logistics Forces • Protection • Facilities • Environmental Considerations • Operational Energy • Health Service Support • Host-Nation Support • Operational Contract Support • Disposal Operations • Legal Support • Financial Management

What are some key considerations for Joint Function Sustainment?

- Services - Combatant Commands (CCMDs) - Defense Logistics Agency (DLA) - Joint Staff J-3 [Operations Directorate] - Joint Staff J-4 [Logistics Directorate]

What are some key organizations in Joint Logistics Enterprise (JLEnt)?

• Conduct Joint Targeting • Provide Joint Fire Support • Countering Air and Missile Threats • Interdict Enemy Capabilities • Conduct Strategic Attack • Employ Information-Related Capabilities • Assess the Results of Employing Fires

What are some key tasks for Joint Function Fires?

1. Limited sustainment 2. Light armament & firepower 3. Requires infil / exfil support 4. Limited personnel

What are some limitations of Special Operations Forces (SOF)?

- Stability activities - Defense support of civil authorities - Foreign humanitarian assistance - Recovery - Noncombatant evacuation - Peace operations - Countering weapons of mass destruction - Chemical, biological, radiological, and nuclear response - Foreign internal defense - Counterdrug operations - Combating terrorism - Counterinsurgency - Homeland defense - Mass atrocity response - Security cooperation - Military engagement

What are some military operations or activities?

• Allow • Cause • Create • Deceive • Deny • Divert • Enable • Envelop • Influence • Open • Prevent • Protect • Support • Surprise

What are some mission statement purpose words?

- General naval supremacy - Control vital sea areas - Establish and maintain local superiority - Seize and defend bases - Conduct land, air and space operations

What are some of the Navy DoDD 5100.1 functions?

- The Navy shall be organized, trained, and equipped primarily for prompt and sustained combat incident to operations at sea - Navy shall include not less than 11 operational aircraft carriers. - All naval aviation shall be integrated with the naval service as part thereof within the Department of the Navy

What are some of the Navy T10 functions?

- Persistent forward naval engagement - Integrated combined arms - Forces and specialized detachments - Joint Forcible Entry (JFE) operations from the sea - Complex expeditionary operations - Lead joint/multinational operations

What are some of the United State Marine Corps (USMC) Core Competencies?

- Foreign military sales - Construction - Financing - International Military Education and Training (IMET)

What are some programs under the DoS Title 22 Security Assistance Programs but are implemented by DoD Title 10?

1. Friendly: • Attack by fire • Breach • Bypass • Clear • Control • Disengage • Exfiltrate • Follow and assume • Follow and support • Occupy • Reduce • Retain • Secure • Seize • Support by fire 2. Enemy: • Block • Canalize • Contain • Defeat • Destroy • Disrupt • Fix • Interdict • Isolate • Neutralize • Suppress

What are some tactical mission tasks for "what" portion of mission statement?

- Resilient - Intrinsically motivated - Optimistic, self-confident, determined - Self-managed, self-aware, ethical - Empathetic and positive - Creative, adaptable, agile - Communicate effectively - Inspirational, proactive, visionary

What are some tranformational leader attributes? L107

- Threat - Infrastructure - Terrain and Weather Effects - Society - Recon OBJs

What are some types of focus for reconnaissance?

1. GCC: - INDOPACOM - NORTHCOM - SOUTHCOM - EUCOM - CENTCOM - AFRICOM 2. FCC: - STRATCOM - CYBERCOM - TRANSCOM - SOCOM

What are the 10 Unified CCOMs?

- Recruiting - Organizing - Supplying - Equipping (including research and development) - Training - Servicing - Mobilizing - Demobilizing - Administering - Maintaining - The construction, outfitting, and repair of military equipment - Constructing, maintaining, repairing buildings; and managing real property

What are the 12 Army T10 functions?

- Termination - Military end state (AR) - Objectives - Effects - Center of gravity (AR) - Decisive points (AR) - Lines of operation and lines of effort (AR) - Direct and indirect approach - Anticipation - Operational reach (AR) - Culmination (AR) - Arranging operations (~AR) - Forces and functions

What are the 13 elements of Joint Operational Design?

- Air and Space Superiority - Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance - Rapid Global Mobility (Airlift, air refueling, aeromedical evacuation, air mobility support teams) - Global Strike - Command and Control

What are the Air Force core missions?

1. Gather Tools and Assessment Data (Orders, plans) 2. Understand Current and Desired Conditions Assessment (ADM) 3. Develop an Assessment Framework (MOPs, MOEs) 4. Develop Collection Plan 5. Assign Responsibilities for Conducting Analysis and Generating Recommendations 6. Identify Feedback Mechanisms

What are the Army assessment steps?

- ICE Operations - Living Marine Resources - Marine Environmental Protection - Marine Safety - Aids to Navigation - Defense Readiness - Maritime Law Enforcement - Migrant Interdiction - Ports, Waterways and Coastal Security - Drug Interdiction - Search and Rescue

What are the Coast Guard (USCG) missions?

1. Achieve and maintain unity of effort within the joint force and between the joint force and US Government, international, and other partners 2. Leverage the benefits of operating indirectly through partners when strategic and operational circumstances dictate or permit. 3. Integrate joint capabilities to be complementary rather than merely additive 4. Focus on objectives whose achievement suggests the broadest and most enduring results 5. Ensure freedom of action 6. Avoid combining capabilities where doing so adds complexity without compensating advantage 7. Inform domestic audiences and shape the perceptions and attitudes of key foreign audiences as an explicit and continuous operational requirement 8. Maintain operational and organizational flexibility 9. Drive synergy to the lowest echelon at which it can be managed effectively 10. Plan for and manage operational transitions over time and space

What are the Joint Common Operating Precepts?

Provides a proven process to organize the work of the commander, staff, subordinate commanders, and other partners to develop plans 1. Planning Initiation 2. Mission Analysis 3. COA Development 4. COA Analysis and War Gaming 5. COA Comparison 6. COA Approval Plan 7. Order Development

What are the Joint Planning Process (JPP) Steps?

Role I: Self and buddy aid, immediate lifesaving measures Role II: (BSBs) Resuscitative treatment, 40-cot patient holding (RTD), XRAY, Lab Role III: (Corps medical units) surgical, 248-bed Role IV: Regional & CONUS hospitals

What are the Medical Care roles?

- Strike Warfare - Anti-Submarine Warfare - Surface Warfare - Air Defense - Information Warfare - Mine Warfare - Ballistic Missile Defense (BMD) - Intelligence, Surveillance and Reconnaissance (ISR)

What are the Navy Mission Areas in a JTF?

- Ambush - Counterattack - Demonstration - Feint - Raid - Spoiling Attack

What are the Offensive Primary Task - Attack - Six Special Purpose Attacks?

- Ensure continuous recon - Do not keep recon assets in reserve - Orient on recon objective - Report all information repaid and accurately - Retain freedom of maneuver - Gain and maintain enemy contact - Develop the situation rapidly

What are the Reconnaissance fundamentals?

Normally: 1. Service Component Commands 2. Function Component Commands 3. Subunified Commands 4. Joint Task Forces Alternatively: 1. Single Service Forces (e.g., task force, task group, MAGTF for a noncombatant evacuation operation)) 2. Specific operational forces (e.g., SOF for an SO core operation)

What are the Unified CCMD options for command structure?

- Botnets - Distributed denial-of-service attacks - Phishing - Ransomware

What are the common types of Cyberspace threats?

- Army Prepositioned Stocks - Force Projection - Theater Opening/Port Opening - Theater Closing

What are the components to Operational Reach?

- Integration - Anticipation - Responsiveness (J) - Simplicity (J) - Economy (J) - Survivability (J) - Continuity - Improvisation

What are the eight Army Sustainment Principles?

- Leadership - Information Six WfFs: - Mission command - Movement and maneuver - Intelligence - Fires - Sustainment - Protection

What are the eight elements of combat power?

0. Assessment 1. Establishing a sense of urgency 2. Creating the guiding coalition 3. Developing a vision and strategy 4. Communicating the change vision 5. Empowering broad-based action 6. Generating short-term wins 7. Consolidating gains and producing more change 8. Anchoring new approaches in the culture

What are the eight steps of the Kotter Model? L104

- Engagement criteria - Actions on contact - Bypass criteria - Handover criteria - Withdrawal criteria - Priority of fires - ROE - Fire Support Coordination Measures - Weapons control status

What are the engagement, disengagement, and/or displacement criteria for reconnaissance?

• Collateral damage estimate to infrastructure and potential civilians • The effects of weaponeering - what munitions to receive the desire effect • Proportionality • Unnecessary suffering: Hague/ Geneva Convention and Rules of engagement (ROE) • Discrimination

What are the ethical considerations for Joint Function Fires?

- Human Resources Support - Religious Support - Financial Management - Legal Support - Morale Welfare and Recreation Support

What are the five Joint Personnel Service Functions?

- All Domain Access - Deterrence - Sea Control - Power Projection - Maritime Security

What are the five core elements of Maritime Power?

(PASS-S) - Primary - Alternate - Supplementary - Subsequent - Strong Point

What are the five kinds of battle positions?

1. Early Modern Revolution (17th century) - Rise of the nation state (ethnic, cultural, polictical unity) 2. The French Revolution (Late 18th century) - Mass politics; people-in-arms 3. Industrial Revolution (Mid 18th to Mid 19th centuries) - Mass production; bureaucratization 4. The Great War (1914-1918) - Merging French and Industrial Revolutions 5. The advent of nuclear weapons

What are the five military revolutions?

- Military Necessity (defeat enemy as quickly and efficiently as possible) - Humanity (prevent unnecessary destruction) - Distinction or discrimination (armed forces vs. civilians, unprotected vs. protected objects) - Proportionality (do not act unreasonably or excessively in reaction) - Honor (Fairness in offense and defense, mutual respect between military forces)

What are the five principles that govern the Law of War?

- Provide early and accurate warning - Provide reaction time and maneuver space - Orient on the force or facility to be secured - Perform continuous recon - Maintain enemy contact

What are the five security fundamentals?

- Screen - Guard - Cover - Area security - Local security

What are the five tasks of Security?

- Zone - Area - Route - Reconnaissance by force - Special reconnaissance

What are the five tasks of reconnaissance?

- SOCOM - STRATCOM - TRANSCOM - CYBERCOM

What are the four Functional Combatant Commands (FCC)?

- Concentration - Audacity - Tempo - Surprise

What are the four characteristics of the Offense? (CATS)

- COCOM - OPCON - TACON - Support

What are the four command relationships?

- Decisive - Hierarchic - Flexible - Integrative

What are the four decision making styles? L101

- Destroy - Dislocate - Disintegrate - Isolate

What are the four defeat mechanisms? (D3I)

- Offense - Defense - Stability - Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA) *Guided by Mission Command

What are the four elements of decisive action in Unified Land Operations (ULO)?

- Disrupt - Fix - Turn - Block

What are the four fires and obstacle effects?

- Task Organization - Mission Statement - Commander's Intent - Concept of Operations

What are the four key components to a plan?

1. Plan (ADM, MDMP, TLP) 2. Prepare 3. Execute 4. Assess

What are the four major activities of the operations process?

- Movement to contact - Attack - Exploitation - Pursuit

What are the four offensive primary tasks?

- Attempting to forecast and dictate events too far into the future - Trying to plan in too much detail - Using the plan as a script for execution - Institutionalizing rigid planning methods

What are the four planning pitfalls?

- Establishes a single desired result - Should link directly or indirectly to higher level objective or to the end state - Is specific and unambiguous - Does not infer way and or means - it is not written as a task

What are the four primary considerations for Elements of Joint Operations Design - Objective?

- Mounted - Dismounted - Aerial - Reconnaissance by fire

What are the four reconnaissance methods?

- Compel - Control - Influence - Support

What are the four stability mechanisms? (SICC)

1. Define the Operational Environment (OE) 2. Describe the impact of the OE 3. Evaluate the Adversary 4. Determine the Adversary COA

What are the four steps of Joint Intelligence Preparation of the Operational Environment (JIPOE)?

- Simultaneity - Depth - Synchronization - Flexibility

What are the four tenets of Unified Land Operations?

- Marine Expeditionary Force (MEF***) - Marine Expeditionary Brigade (MEB*) - Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU-O6) - Special Purpose Marine Air Ground MAGTFs (SPMAGTF)

What are the four types of Marine Air Ground Task Forces (MAGTF)?

- Current diplomatic relations - Military capability - Legal implications - Maintaining the MN force - Language, culture, and sovereignty - Doctrine and training

What are the general considerations for multinational structures?

Lack of reliability - Cannot plan and execute operations • Mutiny • Desertion • Defect • Expense

What are the issues with mercenaries?

1. Theater Logistics Analysis (TLA) 2. Theater Logistics Overview (TLO) 3. Logistics Estimate 4. Concept of Logistics Support (COLS)

What are the joint logistics planning integration products in order?

1. What is going on? (Understand the current conditions in OE) 2. What should the OE look like? (Visualize desired conditions of the OE 3. What is preventing us from reaching the desired endstate? (Identify obstacles impeding progress) 4. Output: Operational Approach 5. Reframe as necessary

What are the key concepts to Army Design Methodology (ADM)?

1. USAF-Air space (Global Vigilance (ISR), Global Reach (mobility), Global Power (Strike)) 2. USN Maritime (Sea Control, Power Projection, Forward Presence, Maritime Security, HA/DR, Deterence) 3. USMC Expeditionary cross domain (Combined Air/Ground Expeditionary Operations, Force in Readiness, Amphibious, Security Detachments) 4. USA Land Domain (Sustained Unified Land Operations, Occupy Territories, Provide Logistics to the Joint Force) 5. SOCCOM Global Domain (Counterterrorism, Unconventional Warfare, Foreign Internal, Defense/ SFA)

What are the key functions by Service?

1. Create 2. Organize 3. Apply 4. Transfer

What are the key tasks for Knowledge Management (KM)?

- Supporting Establishment (HQMC, Training) - Operating Forces (MAGTFs, Embassy Security Group, Presidential Support Squadron, Special Operations Command, etc.) - Marine Corps Forces Reserve

What are the main United State Marine Corps (USMC) Organizations?

- Intelligence - Communications - Information sharing - Operational environment - Logistics

What are the operational considerations for multinational structures?

- Class IV (Construction Materials) and V (ammo) is higher - Establish a forward logistics element - Aviation may be able to drop supply - Evacuation routes

What are the planning considerations for sustainment in the defense?

- Class III (POL) is typically higher - Class IV and V (ammo) is typically less - Move forward sustainment units before operations (at night) - Sustainment must stay mobile - Class I (water) sources - Provide full combat load to units

What are the planning considerations for sustainment in the offense?

- Staff Estimates - Mission statement - Refined operational approach - Commander's intent - Updated planning guidance - Commander's Critical Information Requirements (CCIR)

What are the primary products of Step 2 of MDMP and JPP Mission Analysis?

• International law applies to outer space • Space is free for use by all countries • Space will be used for peaceful purposes • Space objects must be registered with the UN • 1967 Outer Space Treaty

What are the principles of International Space Law?

- Maritime Safety - Maritime Security - Maritime Stewardship

What are the roles of the Coast Guard (USCG)?

1. Preponderance of forces and ability to conduct C2. 2. Corps is the HQ of choice for the Army. Most likely will have augmentation (Services, MN, IA, CCMD HQ, Joint Enabling Capabilities Command (JECC), LNOs; they bring capabilities and reach back)

What are the selection factors for the JTF Commander?

- Centralized Control / Decentralized Execution - Flexibility & Versatility - Synergistic Effects - Persistence - Concentration - Priority - Balance

What are the seven Air Force Tenets of Airpower?

1. Responsiveness (AR) 2. Simplicity (AR) 3. Flexibility 4. Economy (AR) 5. Attainability 6. Sustainability 7. Survivability (AR)

What are the seven Joint Logistics Principles?

1. Receipt of Mission 2. Mission Analysis 3. COA Development 4. COA Analysis (Wargaming) 5. COA Comparison 6. COA Approval 7. Orders Production

What are the seven Military Decision-Making Process (MDMP) steps?

- Disruption - Flexibility - Maneuver - Mass and concentration - Operations in Depth - Preparation - Security

What are the seven characteristics of the defense? (DFMM-OPS)

- Command and control - Intelligence - Fires - Movement and Maneuver - Protection - Sustainment - Information (Not in Army)

What are the seven joint functions?

1. Gather information 2. ID the problem 3. Develop criteria 4. Generate possible solutions 5. Analyze possible solutions 6. Compare possible solutions 7. Make and implement the decision

What are the seven steps to Army Problem Solving Process?

1. Violent Ideological Competition: Irreconcilable ideas communicated and promoted by identity networks through violence. 2. Threatened U.S. Territory and Sovereignty: Encroachment, erosion, or disregard of U.S. sovereignty and the freedom of its citizens from coercion. 3. Antagonistic Geopolitical Balancing: Increasingly ambitious adversaries maximizing their own influence while actively limiting U.S. influence. 4. Disrupted Global Commons: Denial or compulsion in spaces and places available to all but owned by none. 5. A Contest for Cyberspace: A struggle to define and credibly protect sovereignty in cyberspace. 6. Shattered and Reordered Regions: States unable to cope with internal political fractures, environmental stressors, or deliberate external interference.

What are the six contexts of future conflict that will define warfare in 2035?

- Anti-air warfare - Assault support - Electronic warfare - Offensive air support - Air reconnaissance - Control of aircraft and missiles

What are the six functions of Marine Aviation?

- Shape - Deter - Seize initiative - Dominate - Stabilize - Enable Civil Authority

What are the six groups in the Joint Operation Model? Most individual joint operations share certain activities or actions in common. There are six general groups of military activities that may typically occur in preparation for and during a single large-scale joint combat operation. (JP 3-0)

- Envelopment - Turning movement - Frontal attack - Penetration - Infiltration - Flank attack

What are the six offensive forms of maneuver?

- General Assembly (main committees) - Trusteeship Council - International Court of Justice - Economic Social Council - Security Council - Secretariat

What are the six principal organs/entities of the UN?

- Build cohesive teams through mutual trust - Create shared understanding - Provide a clear commander's intent - Exercise disciplined initiative - Use mission orders - Accept prudent risk

What are the six principles of Mission Command?

1. Establish civil security 2. Establish civil control 3. Restore essential services 4. Support governance 5. Support economic and infrastructure development 6. Conduct security cooperation

What are the six stability primary tasks?

- Isolation - Workload - Danger - Boredom - Powerlessness - Ambiguity

What are the six stressor dimensions? L107

- Respect - Rapport - Knowledge of partners - Patience - Mission focus - Trust and confidence. While these tenets cannot guarantee success, ignoring them may lead to mission failure due to a lack of unity of effort.

What are the six tenets of Multinational Operations?

- National Security Counsel (NSC) - Homeland Security Counsel (HSC) - National Economic Counsel (NEC)

What are the strategic policy councils?

- Level of Detail: 1. Rapid 2. Deliberate - Level of Covertness: 1. Forceful 2. Stealthy

What are the tempos of reconnaissance? [Level of detail vs. Level of Covertness]

- End State and Conditions (J) - Center of Gravity (J) - Decisive Points (J) - Lines of Effort and Lines of Operation (J) - Operational Reach (J) - Basing - Tempo - Phasing and Transitions (~J) - Culmination (J) - Risk

What are the ten elements of Army Operational Art?

- Army Design Methodology (ADM) - The Military Decision-making Process (MDMP) - Troop Leading Procedures (TLP)

What are the three Army Planning Methodologies?

- Vital interests: What are we willing to die for? - Important interests: What are we willing to fight for? - Peripheral interests: What are we willing to fund

What are the three categories for national interest?

- Defense of a Linear Obstacle - Perimeter Defense - Reverse Slope Defense.

What are the three defensive forms of maneuver?

- Area Defense (Defense in Depth, Forward Defense) - Mobile Defense - Retrograde (Delay, Withdrawal, Retirement)

What are the three defensive primary tasks?

- Throughput - Unit - Supply Point

What are the three distribution methods for resupply operations?

- Principle-based Ethics: Act in accordance with the established values, rules, and principles - Virtue Ethics: Golden Rule; Do unto others as you would have them do to you - Consequential Ethics: Do the greatest good for the greatest number

What are the three elements of the Ethical Triangle? L102

1. Artifacts (Everything you see, hear, feel when you arrive. e.g. language, clothing, rituals) 2. Espoused Beliefs and Values (Ideals, goals, rationalizations. e.g. a idea from one person worked for the group so it became the norm for the organization) 3. Basic Underlying Assumptions (Unconscious, taken-for-granted beliefs and values. e.g. we have always done it this way)

What are the three levels of Culture? L105

- Direct: face to face leadership - Organizational: leaders that influence several hundred or thousand people. They do this indirectly, generally trough levels of subordinates - Strategic: include military and DA civilian leaders at the major command through department of defense levels

What are the three levels of leadership? L109

- Strategic - Operational - Tactical

What are the three levels of warfare?

- Collective Defense - Crisis Management Operations - Maintain Adequate Military Capabilities

What are the three military purposes of NATO?

- Diplomacy - Dialogue/Consensus - Cooperation

What are the three political purposes of NATO?

- Initial Response (stabilize OE in crisis state) - Transformation (post-conflict reconstruction, stabilization, and capacity-building) - Fostering Sustainability (establish conditions that enable sustainable development)

What are the three stability frameworks?

- Assigned - Allocated - Apportioned

What are the three types of Joint Forces? [Global Force Management]

- Integrated Command Structure - Lead Nation Command Structure - Parallel Command Structure - (Hybrid)

What are the three types of organizational structures in multinational commands?

Traditional and Irregular

What are the two basic forms of warfare that the U.S. military recognizes?

- Combined arms maneuver - Wide area security

What are the two core competencies of the Army?

- Annihilation (Make the enemy helpless to resist us, by physically destroying his military capabilities) - Erosion (The second approach is to convince the enemy that accepting our terms will be less painful than continuing to aggress or resist)

What are the two fundamental strategies in the use of military force?

- Commitment: Visionary, Affiliative, Democratic, Coaching - Compliance: Pacesetting and Commanding

What are the two leadership styles? L103

- Realism - Liberalism

What are the two main International Relations Schools of Thought?

Geographical & Functional

What are the two types of Combatant Commands?

- Operating - Generating

What are the two types of forces in Army Force Management?

- Center - Meetings - Working group - Cell - Board - Bureau

What are the types of staff organization and integration in the science of control?

High Value Targets

What comes from the analysis of adversary doctrine & capabilities?

• National standing army (conscript / mercenary) • Linear Tactics - reduced from 10 to 6 ranks • Higher rate of fire - premade cartridges • 1, 2, or 3 lines of fire • Countermarch on the attack • Standard artillery calibers: 24, 12, 3 pounders • Cavalry as shock - swords vs. pistols

What did Gustavus Adolphus, King of Sweden (Reigned 1611-1632) do to change warfare?

• Drill and Discipline - unconditional battlefield obedience • Illustrated Drill Manuals • Linear formations • 50 ranks to 10 ranks • Volley fire (alternate fire and load) • Continuous rate of fire • Larger battlefield • Increased mobility - smaller units, manageable

What did Marice of Nassau, Dutch Prince (In office 1618-1625) do to change warfare?

- Nation at war - Levée en masse (conscription, universal military service) = large armies - Division and corps concepts - Awards and prestige in the military - Foraging as primary means for logistics - Gribeauval Artillery (smaller, lighter, longer range, towed) - Open-order Battle (skirmishers and light infantry) - Ordre Mixte - Flexible formations between column and line - Beginnings of the general staff (NDMP) - Beginnings of PME - Officer Corps based on merit (no more purchasing commissions) - Tactics (deep penetrations to decisive points, envelopment, strategy of the central position (don't allow Armies to converge)

What did Napoleon do to change warfare?

1. Facts / Assumptions 2. Friendly force status: a. Authorized / assigned / on-hand b. Projected replacements / additions c. Projected losses / shortages 3. Enemy activities / capabilities 4. Civil Considerations 5. Conclusions / recommendations

What do running estimates consists of?

Joint Manning Document (JMD)

What document is developed by the manpower and personnel directorate to identify all manpower requirements essential to the command and control of a joint force headquarters organization?

- Diplomatic - Informational - Military - Economic

What does DIME stand for?

Humanitarian Assistance Coordination Center (HACC)

What does HACC stand for?

- Mission - Enemy - Terrain - Troops Available - Time Available - Civil Considerations

What does METT-TC stand for?

Supreme Headquarters Allied Powers Europe (SHAPE)

What does NATO's SHAPE stand for?

- Political - Military - Economy - Social - Information - Infrastructure - Physical Terrain (Army) - Time (Army)

What does PMESII-PT stand for?

1. Army Vision (AV) 2. Army Strategic Plan (ASP) 3. Army Planning Guidance (APG) 4. Army Programming Guidance Memorandum (APGM) 5. Army Campaign Plan (ACP)

What does The Army Plan (TAP) consist of?

• Define and analyze the Operational Environment • Identify the enemy's likely strategic and operational objectives • Identify adversary strategic and operational centers of gravity (COG) • Identify broad enemy capabilities • List the full set of possible enemy courses of action (COA)

What is JIPOE's Role in Operational Art and Design?

Defining the problem

What is essential to solving a problem?

How do I Mission given Troops/Resources/Logistics against Enemy in/within Time Available on/in Terrain/Weather with consideration to Civilians/Culture

What is in a problem statement?

Operations Process

What is the Army's Framework for exercising mission command?

Prevent, Shape, Win

What is the Army's three roles as part of the joint forces?

- An outlier, as it lies outside the realm of regular expectations, because nothing in the past can convincingly point to its possibility. - Carries an extreme impact. - In spite of its outlier status, human nature makes us concoct explanations for its occurrence after the fact, making it explainable and predictable.

What is the Black Swan?

-Understand (PMESII-PT, IPB) -Visualize (METT-TC, Estimates, Elements of Op Art) -Describe (Operational Framework, CCIR, Commander's Intent, guidance) -Direct (WfFs, plans, orders, branches, sequels) *Lead and Assess throughout

What is the Commander's role In the Operations Process? [UVDDLA]

Joint Operation Planning and Execution System (JOPES)

What is the acronym JOPES? Global Command Control System, system for command and control of joint and coalition forces. Allows for rapid transmission of data, to allow contingency and crisis action planning and execution to be performed globally

Civil Military Operations Center (CMOC)

What is the center that a JTF Commander stands up to facilitate tactical level civil-military operations among the military, the local populace, NGO's and IGO's?

1. Gain and Maintain enemy contact 2. Disrupt the enemy 3. Fix the enemy 4. Maneuver 5. Follow through (counter attack)

What is the five-step sequence for allocation of Combat Power?

- Unity of command and synergy - Establishing theater of operations - Phasing - Realistic plans, branches, and sequel - Synchronize forces to visualize tentative COAs

What is the importance of Time, Space and Purpose?

Air and Space Expeditionary Task Force (AETF-*)

What is the principle organizational structure the Air Force uses to support a JTF?

- Defeat, destroy or neutralize enemy force - Secure decisive terrain - Deprive enemy of resources - Gain information - Deceive/divert an enemy force - Fix and enemy force in position - Disrupt enemy force's attack - Set the conditions for successful future operations

What is the purpose of the offense?

1. Begin initial assessment of the organization (Identify obstacles blocking the way ahead) 2. Develop initial organizational-level vision (What: A picture of the future and Why: Framed by a value-based purpose) 3. Establish goals based on initial assessment (The building blocks that links the vision ("How" component) and tasks) 4. Complete initial organizational vision (How: A path to overcome obstacles by driving behavior, change, and motivation) 5. Refine goals based on guiding coalition input 6. Establish prioritized tasks to support goals (Programs for achieving goals) 7. Implement change (Empower others and generate short-term wins)

What is the seven-step vision process? L109

Elements of Joint Operational Design - Operational Reach

What is the term that describes the distance and duration across which a joint force can successfully employ its military capabilities?

Stability Operations

What is the umbrella term for various military missions, tasks, and activities conducted outside the United States in coordination with other instruments of national power to maintain or reestablish a safe and secure environment and to provide essential governmental services, emergency infrastructure reconstructions, and humanitarian relief?

- Distribution Company - Field Maintenance Company - Brigade Support Medical Company - Forward Support Company

What key units does a Army Brigade Support Battalion (BSB) have?

Sub-Unified Command

What kind of command is US Forces Korea?

- Army Forces (ARFOR) HQ - Land Component Commander (LCC) HQ - Joint Task Force (JTF) HQ - Tactical HQ

What roles can Army Corps and Division play for CCDRs?

- Amphibious Assault - Amphibious Raid - Maritime Interception - Expeditionary Aviation Operations - Advance Force Operations - Theater Security Cooperation - Airfield/Port Seizure - HA/DR - Stability Operations - NEO - Tactical Recovery of Aircraft and Personnel (TRAP) - Security Ops

What some of the traditional Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU-O6) missions?

- National Security Strategy (NSS) - Unified Command Plan (UCP)

What strategic documents is the POTUS responsible for?

1. Collect 2. Process 3. Store 4. Display 5. Disseminate 6. Protect

What the tasks in Information Management (IM)?

1. Cost (Aquisition Category (ACAT), quarterly cost report) 2. Schedule (Urgent, Emergent, Deliberate) 3. Performance (Key Performance Parameters (KPP), Key System Attributes (KSA), Technology Readiness Levels (TRL))

What three program parameters are documented in an Acquisition Program Baseline (APB)?

1. Functional Area Analysis (FAA) - NEEDS, identifies operational task, conditions, standards (JTLs) 2. Functional Needs Analysis (FNA) - GAPS, identify and prioritizes gaps for capabilities 3. Functional Solution Analysis (FSA) - SOLUTIONS (DOTMLPF-P format)

What three steps are in the CBA process? FDP - Phase 1

Ends, ways, and means

What three things does strategic planning seek to align?

System Support Contracts

What type of support contracts are for equipment, such as aviation maintenance?

External Support Contracts

What type of support contracts are generated out of the theater, such as linguists?

Theater Support Contracts

What type of support contracts are used for local needs such as gravel for bases?

Transition

What word describes the change of focus between phases or between the ongoing operations and execution of a branch or sequel?

Subordinate Unified Combatant Command

When authorized by SecDef through the CJCS, commanders of unified CCMDs may establish ________________.

Each Milestone Decision Brief

When is the Acquisition Program Baseline (APB) updated and formally briefed/approved?

Operational Level

Which level of war links the tactical employment of forces to the national and military strategic objectives?

Theater Special Operations Command (TSOC)

While assigned to a GCC, the GCC has OPCON over a ____. ____ is a Subunified Command. _____ support JTFs with SOF through a JSOTF

- Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC) - Combined Army Center (CAC) - Futures and Concepts, Army Futures Command (AFC) - Centers of Excellence (CoE) - HQDA G8 - HQDA G3/5/7

Who are the major stakeholders in capability development?

- Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff - Vice Chairman - Commandant of the Marine Corps - Chief of Staff of the Army - Chief of Naval Operations - Chief of Staff of the Air Force - Chief of the National Guard Bureau

Who are the seven statutory members of the Joint Chief's of Staff?

- President - Vice President - Secretary of State - SecDef - CJCS is the council's statutory military advisor - Director of National Intelligence (DNI) is the council's statutory intelligence advisor

Who are the statutory members of the National Security Council (NSC)? (JP 1)

Cavalry Squadrons

Who executes reconnaissance in BCTs?

Assistant Secretary of the Army (Acquisition, Logistics, and Technology) (ASA(ALT))

Who is the Army Acquisition Executive (AAE)?

- Brigade support battalion (SPT) - Forward support companies (FWD SPT) (-) - BNs' field trains - HHC, BCT - BCT main CP

Who is usually in the Brigade Support Area (BSA)?

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS)

Who provides strategic direction to the military through the National Military Strategy (NMS) consistent with National Defense Strategy (NDS)?

Training and Doctrine Command (TRADOC)

Who serves as the primary capability developer (CAPDEV) in Army force management?

President

Who signs off on / approves the Unified Command Plan (UCP)?

Strategy - Suitability

Will the strategy's attainment accomplish the effect desired OR will the squeeze produce the juice I want?

Theater Campaign Plan (TCP)

Written by CCDR. Military engagement, security cooperation, and deterrence activities provide the foundation. The goal is to prevent and deter conflict by keeping adversary activities within a desired state of cooperation and competition.

Risk in Strategy

_____ is unavoidable, but should be mitigated as much as possible. All strategies have some degree of ______, and each has its own inherent logic which can be assessed. Consider sufficient resources (Means) to implement concepts (Ways) to achieve objectives (Ends) to create strategic effect(s) (End State).

Joint Forcible Entry (JFE)

______ is operations to seize and hold lodgments against armed opposition. Threats are transregional, multi-domain, and multi-functional.

Information Environment

______ is the aggregate of individuals, organizations, and systems that collect, process, disseminate, or act on information. This environment consists of three interrelated dimensions, which continuously interact with individuals, organizations, and systems

Joint Function Sustainment - Logistics Functions

______ is the coordinated use, synchronization, and sharing of two or more Military Departments' logistics resources to support the joint force. (JP 4-0) Core functions: supply, maintenance, deployment and distribution, joint health services, logistic services, engineering, and Operational Contract Support (OCS).

Joint Strategic Planning System (JSPS)

______ is the primary means by which the Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS) performs joint strategic planning and carries out statutory responsibilities assigned in titles 6, 10, 22 and 50 of USC. __________ is a system that enables the CJCS to effectively assess, advise, direct, and execute in fulfillment of these statutory responsibilities

Characteristics of the Defense - Massing Effects

______ the ability to mass the effects of combat power; may require surrendering ground to gain time to concentrate effects or accepting risk in some areas to _________ elsewhere. [Char of Defense]

Offensive Cyber Operations (OCO)

_______ are intended to project power by the application of force in or through cyberspace

Support Relationship - General support-reinforcing

_______ is a support relationship assigned to a unit to support the force as a whole and to reinforce another similar-type unit.

Characteristics of the Offense - Audacity

_______ is a willingness to take bold risks. The offense favors the bold execution of plans. Commanders display ________ when they achieve decisive results by defeating an enemy force in detail

Attack Zone

_______ is given to a subordinate unit with an offensive mission, to delineate clearly where forces will be conducting offensive maneuver. [OPFOR]

Military Operations - Defense Support of Civil Authorities (DSCA)

_______ is provided in response to requests for assistance from civil authorities for domestic emergencies, law enforcement support, and other domestic activities, or from qualifying entities for special events. See JP 3-28

Redundancy

_______ is using two or more like assets to collect against the same intelligence requirement

Reconnaissance

_______ mission undertaken to obtain, by visual observation or other detection methods, information about the activities and resources of an enemy or adversary, or to secure data concerning the meteorological, hydrographic, or geographic characteristics of a particular area [, route, or zone] (JP 2-0).

Resilient Organizations

_______ organizations maintain the collective capacity to make positive and rapid adjustments in spite of disruptions, stress, danger, and/or adversity. L107

Coalition Operations

________ are multinational operations conducted with units from two or more coalition members

Defensive Cyber Operations (DCO)

________ are passive and active operations intended to preserve the ability to utilize friendly cyberspace capabilities and protect data, networks, net-centric capabilities, and other designated systems.

Commander's Communication Synchronization (CCS)

________ is a process by which the commander aligns communication

Five tasks of Security - Area Security

________ is a security task conducted to protect friendly forces, installations, routes, and actions within a specific ______. The security force may be protecting the civilian population, civil institutions, and civilian infrastructure with the unit's AO

Five Tasks of Security - Cover

________ is a security task to protect the main body by fighting to gain time while also observing and reporting information and preventing enemy ground observation of and direct fire against the main body. Units performing the _________ task can operate independently of the main body. The ________ task may be used offensively or defensively.

Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield (IPB)

________ is a systematic, continuous process of analyzing the threat and other aspects of an operational environment within a specific geographic area.

Joint Interagency Task Force (JIATF)

________ is formed when mission requires close integration of two or more USG agencies for a specific task and purpose

Support Relationship - General support

________ is that support which is given to the supported force as a whole and not to any particular subdivision thereof

Attached

________ is the placement of units or personnel in an organization where such placement is relatively temporary

Knowledge Management (KM)

________ is the process of enabling knowledge flow to enhance shared understanding, learning and decision-making. Four components: 1. People 2. Process 3. Tools 4. Organization

Nations

________ represent groupings of a people that claim certain common bonds, such as descent, language, history, or culture. Collectively such an aggregation would constitute a national entity

Operational Design

________ supports commanders and staffs in their application of operational art with tools and a methodology to conceive of and construct operations and campaigns. Provides the conceptual basis for structuring campaigns and operations

Crisis Response - Raids

_________ are operations to temporarily seize an area, usually through forcible entry, to secure information, confuse an enemy, capture personnel or equipment, or destroy an objective or capability. Raids end with a planned withdrawal upon completion of the assigned mission.

Military Operations - Foreign Humanitarian Assistance (FHA)

_________ is DOD activities, normally in support of the United States Agency for International Development (USAID) or DOS, conducted outside the US and its territories to relieve or reduce human suffering, disease, hunger, or privation. See JP 3-29

Forms of Maneuver (Offense) - Infiltration

_________ is a form of maneuver in which an attacking force conducts undetected movement through or into an area occupied by enemy forces to occupy a position of advantage behind those enemy positions while exposing only small elements to enemy defensive fires.

Joint Logistics Enterprise (JLEnt)

_________ is a multitiered matrix of key global logistics providers cooperatively structured through an assortment of collaborative agreements, contracts, policy, legislation, or treaties utilized to provide the best possible support to the JFC or other supported organization. (JP 4-0)

Crisis

_________ is a powerful catalyst for change L104

Support Relationship - Direct support

_________ is a support relationship requiring a force to support another specific force and authorizing it to answer directly to the supported force's request for assistance.

Threat

_________ is any combination of actors, entities, or forces that have the capability and intent to harm United States forces, United States national interests, or the homeland

Support Zone

_________ is that area of the battlefield designed to be free of significant enemy action and to permit the effective logistics and administrative support of forces. [OPFOR]

Army Force (ARFOR)

_________ is the Army component of any joint force. The senior Army officer assigned to the JTF (not in a joint position) and his staff, become the _______. Best option for _______ HQ is Corps or DIV. Critical responsibility is priorities for sustainment. Retains OPCON over Army units not subordinate to another component of the JTF

ULO - Flexibility

_________ is the employment of a versatile mix of capabilities, formations, and equipment for conducting operations. To achieve tactical, operational, and strategic success, commanders must be able to adapt to conditions as they change and employ forces in a variety of ways. (ADRP 3-0) [ULO Tenet]

Stress Response

_________ is the generalized, patterned, unconscious mobilization of the body's natural energy resources when confronted with a demand or stressor L107

Embassy

_________ is the nerve center for U.S. affairs inside another nation (HQ of the mission), the headquarters of the U.S. ambassador and his or her staff, located in political capital city of host nation, and focal point of IA coordination

Characteristics of the Offense - Tempo

_________ is the relative speed and rhythm of military operations over time with respect to the enemy (ADRP 3-0).

Information Management (IM)

_________ is the science of using procedures and information systems to collect, process, store, display, disseminate, and protect data, information, and knowledge products. Two components: 1. Procedures 2. Information Systems

Assigned

_________ is to place units or personnel in an organization where such placement is relatively permanent, and/or where such organization controls and administers the units or personnel for the primary function, or greater portion of the functions, of the unit or personnel

Arranging Operations - Operational Pause

_________ may be required when a major operation may be reaching the end of its sustainability. Useful tools for obtaining the proper synchronization of sustainment and operations. Primary drawback to ________ is that they risk forfeiture of strategic or operational initiative.

Military Operations - Counterdrug (CD) Operations

_________ operations provide DOD support to LEAs to detect, monitor, and counter the production, trafficking, and use of illegal drugs. See JP 3-07.4

Crisis Response - Strikes

__________ are attacks conducted to damage or destroy an objective or a capability. _______ may be used to punish offending nations or groups, uphold international law, or prevent those nations or groups from launching their own attacks

Message

__________ are verbal, written, or electronic communications that supports a theme focused on a specific actor or the public.

Measures of Performance (MOP)

__________ assesses if the joint force is "doing things right." Measures task completion.

Art of Tactics

__________ consists of three interrelated aspects: 1. The creative and flexible array of means to accomplish assigned missions 2. Decisionmaking under conditions of uncertainty when faced with a thinking and adaptive enemy, and 3. Understanding the effects of combat on Soldiers

Coast Guard (USCG)

__________ falls under DHS but under wartime conditions, the President may grand operational authority to the Navy

Adaptive Planning and Execution (APEX)

__________ integrates the planning activities of the JPEC and facilitates the transition from planning to execution. The ______ enterprise operates in a networked, collaborative environment, which facilitates dialogue among senior leaders, concurrent and parallel plan development, and collaboration across multiple planning levels. ______ incorporates policies and procedures to facilitate a more responsive planning process. _______ fosters a shared understanding of the current OE and planning through frequent dialogue between civilian and military leaders to provide viable military options to the President and SecDef.

Diplomatic Mission

__________ is a US bilateral representation in foreign count or multilateral mission to an Intergovernmental Organization (IGO)

Elements of Joint Operational Design - Objective

__________ is a clearly defined, decisive, and attainable goal toward which every military operation should be directed

Hazard

__________ is a condition with the potential to cause injury, illness, or death of personnel; damage to or loss of equipment or property; or mission degradation

Battle Rhythm

__________ is a deliberate daily cycle of command, staff, and unit activities intended to synchronize current and future operations. Establishes a routine for staff interaction and coordination. Facilitates interaction between the commander, staff, and subordinate units. Facilitates planning by the staff and decisionmaking by the commander.

Kill Zone

__________ is a designated area on the battlefield where the OPFOR plans to destroy a key enemy target. In friendly terminology, it is an engagement area.

Planning Horizon

__________ is a point in time in the future commanders use to focus the organization's planning efforts to shape future events.

Alliance

__________ is a relationship that results of a formal agreement (e.g., treaty) between two or more nations for broad, long-term objectives that further the common interests of the members (ex. NATO, Axis of Powers)

Five Tasks of Security - Local Security

__________ is a security task that includes low-level security activities conducted near a unit to prevent surprise by the enemy. _______ is closely associated with unit force protection efforts.

Five Tasks of Security - Guard

__________ is a security task to protect the main body by fighting to gain time while also observing and reporting information and preventing enemy ground observation of and direct fire against the main body. Units performing a ________ task cannot operate independently because they rely upon fires and functional and multifunctional support assets of the main body

Sociocultural Factors - Culture

__________ is a system of shared beliefs, values, customs, behaviors, and artifacts that members of a society use to cope with their world and with one another. ___________ is habitual and perceived as "natural" by people within the society. __________ conditions an individual's range of action and ideas; influences how people make judgments about what is right, wrong, important, or unimportant; and dictates how members of a society are likely to perceive and adapt to changing circumstances. Where social structure comprises the relationships within a society, __________ provides meaning within the society. (JP 2-01.3)

Mission Variables (METT-TC)

__________ is a tool that enables leaders to synthesize operational information and local knowledge relevant to their missions and tasks in a specified AO. [Analytical Framework]

Direct Reporting Unit (DRU)

__________ is an Army organization comprised of one or more units with institutional or operational functions, designated by the SECARMY, providing broad general support to the Army in a normally, single, unique discipline not otherwise available elsewhere in the Army. _______s report directly to a HQDA principal and/or ACOM and operate under the authorities established by the SECARMY. The 13 are: 1. U.S. Army Test and Evaluation Command (ATEC) 2. U.S. Military Academy (USMA) 3. U.S. Military District of Washington (MDW) 4. U.S. Army War College (USAWC). 5. Arlington National Cemetery (ANC) 6. Soldiers' and Airmen's Home National Cemetery 7. U.S. Army Accessions Support Brigade (USAASB). 8. U.S. Army Acquisition Support Center (USAASC). 9. U.S. Army Intelligence and Security Command (INSCOM). 10. U.S. Army Installation Management Command (IMCOM). 11 U.S. Army Medical Command (MEDCOM). 12. U.S. Army Corps of Engineers (USACE). 13 U.S. Army Criminal Investigation Command (USACIDC).

Offensive Primary Task - Exploitation

__________ is an offensive operation that usually follows a successful attack and is designed to disorganize the enemy in depth (JP 2-01.3). The objective of exploitation is to complete the enemy's disintegration. ____________ takes advantage of previous successes and friendly force continuing activities.

Offensive Primary Task - Pursuit

__________ is an offensive task designed to catch or cut off a hostile force attempting to escape, with the aim of destroying it (ADP 3-90).

Offensive Primary Task - Movement to contact

__________ is an offensive task designed to develop the situation and to establish or regain contact (ADP 3-90)

Intergovernmental Organization (IGO)

__________ is an organization created by a formal agreement between two or more governments

Stressor

__________ is any event or situation which requires a non-routine change of behavior L107

Stress

__________ is internal processors for dealing with a stressor. - Eustress - positive "Good" stress - Distress - destructive stress L107

Characteristics of the Offense - Concentration

__________ is massing the effects of combat power in time and space at the decisive point to achieve a single purpose

Joint Force

__________ is one composed of significant elements, assigned or attached, of two or more Military Departments operating under a single JFC.

Power

__________ is the ability to influence the behavior of other actors IAW one's objectives L103

ULO - Depth

__________ is the extension of operations in time, space, or purpose to achieve definitive results (ADRP 3-0) [ULO Tenet]

Strain

__________ is the product of accumulated stress, normally expressed in negative terms L107

Stability - Establish civil security

__________ is the provision of security for state entities and the population, including protection from internal and external threats [Stability]

Army Intelligence WfF

__________ is the related tasks and systems that facilitate understanding the enemy, terrain, weather, civil considerations, and other significant aspects of the operational environment. (ADRP 3-0) [Army WfF]

Army Movement and Maneuver WfF

__________ is the related tasks and systems that move and employ forces to achieve a position of relative advantage over the enemy and other threats. Direct fire and close combat are inherent in _____________. (ADRP 3-0) [Army WfF]

Army Design Methodology (ADM)

__________ is used for applying conceptual thinking to understand, visualize, and describe unfamiliar problems and approaches to solving them. Integrated with the detailed planning associated with the MDMP to produce executable plans.

Force Management System (FMS)

__________ provides the HQDA approved documentation of personnel and equipment requirements and authorizations of the Modification Table of Organization and Equipment (MTOE) and Table of Distribution and Allowance (TDA) forces at the grade, skill, MOS, LIN, AMSCO, MDEP, and quantity level of detail

IGO - United Nations (UN)

__________ purpose is maintain international peace and security, develop friendly relations among nations based upon human rights and self-determination, foster cooperation in solving international economic, social, cultural, and humanitarian problems

Interests

__________ refer to the core motivations that drive behavior; physical security, essential services, economy, and Political participation

Hard Power

__________ reflects the military and economic might to get others to change their position L103

Doctrine

__________ serves as a starting point for thinking about and conducting operations. _________ consists of fundamentals, tactics, techniques, and procedures for thinking about military problems; actions to best solve complex operations. It is not a catalog of answers to specific problems and does not tell us what to think or how to solve specific problems.

Secretary of State

__________ serves as the principal advisor to the President on foreign policy issues. Supervises and directs: Peace Corps programs, Economic Assistance, Military Assistance, Military Education and Training, Military Sales Programs, Immigration, Refugee Assistance

Posse Comitatus Act

___________ allows for Coast Guard to participate in arrests, searches, and seizures

Surface Action Groups (SAG-O6)

___________ are constituted according to mission requirements and their composition can vary widely. They are most frequently used in presence roles, maritime interception operations, counter piracy, and in exercises or theater security cooperation events with other navies

Themes

___________ are unifying or dominant ideas or images that expresses the purpose for military action.

Command authority for a MNFC

___________ authority for a __________ is negotiated between the participating nations and can vary from nation to nation. Command authority could range from operational control (OPCON), to tactical control (TACON), to designated support relationships, to coordinating authority.

Mounted Reconnnaissance

___________ enables a more rapid tempo while in creasing the potential compromise of reconnaissance efforts. Consider using this when: - Time is limited - Distances require mounted movement - Stealth and security are not primary concerns - Detailed information is not required - Enemy location is known

Military Operations - Countering Weapons of Mass Destruction (CWMD)

___________ encompasses efforts against actors of concern to curtail the conceptualization, development, possession, proliferation, use, and effects of WMD, related expertise, materials, technologies, and means of delivery. See JP 3-40

Joint Function Movement and Maneuver

___________ encompasses the disposition of joint forces to conduct operations by securing positional advantages before or during combat operations and by exploiting tactical success to achieve operational and strategic objectives. [Joint Function]

PN Cooperation - Interoperability

___________ greatly enhances multinational operations. Nations whose forces are interoperable across material and nonmaterial capabilities can operate together effectively in numerous ways.

IGO - UN - General Assembly

___________ includes all state members and requires a 2/3 vote on critical issues such as peace and international security, new member admission, and budgetary issues

METT-TC - Terrain and Weather

___________ includes natural features and manmade features analyzed using the five military aspects of terrain - OAKOC. The military aspects of __________ include visibility, wind, precipitation, cloud cover, temperature, humidity. (Mission Variable)

Unified Combatant Command

___________ is a command with a broad continuing missions under a single commander and composed of significant assigned components of two or more Military Departments that is established and so designated by the President through SECDEF and with the advice and assistance of the CJCS (JP 1)

Multinational Force

___________ is a force composed of military elements of nations who have formed an alliance or coalition for some specific purpose. (JP 1-02)

National Guard Bureau (NGB)

___________ is a joint activity of the Department of Defense. It performs certain Military Service-specific functions and unique functions on matters involving non-federalized National Guard forces. Chief, National Guard Bureau is part of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (JCS)

Strategy

___________ is a prudent idea or set of ideas for employing the instruments of national power in a synchronized and integrated fashion to achieve theater and multinational objectives. (JP 1) =Ends-Ways-Means (Risk)

Essential Task

___________ is a specified or implied task that must be executed to accomplish the mission

Support Relationship - Reinforcing

___________ is a support relationship requiring a force to support another supporting unit. Only like units (for example, artillery to artillery) can be given a reinforcing mission.

Fallacies

___________ is a thinking defect or trick used to deceive that involves the facts, the assumptions or the logic used to support a conclusion

Adversary

___________ is acknowledged as potentially hostile to a friendly party and against which the use of force may be envisaged

Military Operations - Noncombatant Evacuation Operations (NEO)

___________ is an operation to evacuate noncombatants and civilians from foreign countries to safe havens or to the US when their lives are endangered by war, civil unrest, or natural disaster. See JP 3-68

Whole-of-Government Approach (Collaboration)

___________ is integration of USG w/ a plan that identifies and aligns USG goals, objectives, tasks, and supporting structures w/ designation of lead, primary, coordinating, cooperating and supporting federal agencies

Military Operations - Foreign Internal Defense (FID)

___________ is participation by civilian and military agencies of a government in any of the action programs taken by another government or other designated organization to free and protect its society from subversion, lawlessness, insurgency, terrorism, and other threats to its security. FID is an example of USG foreign assistance. See JP 3-22

Army Fires WfF

___________ is related tasks and systems that provide collective and coordinated use of Army indirect fires, air and missile defense, and joint fires through the targeting process (ADRP 3-0) [Army WfF]

ULO - Synchronization

___________ is the arrangement of military actions in time, space, and purpose to produce maximum relative combat power at a decisive place and time (JP 2-0). ___________ is not the same as simultaneity; it is the ability to execute multiple related and mutually supporting tasks in different locations at the same time. (ADRP 3-0) [ULO Tenet]

Baader-Meinhof

___________ is the phenomenon where one happens upon some obscure piece of information- often an unfamiliar word or name- and soon afterwards encounters the same subject again, often repeatedly. L102

Operational Framework - Deep Area

___________ is the portion of the commander's area of operations that is not assigned to subordinate units. Operations in the ________ involve efforts to prevent uncommitted enemy forces from being committed in a coherent manner. Not for BCT and below

Risk Management

___________ is the process of identifying, assessing, and controlling risks arising from operational factors and making decisions that balance risk cost with mission benefits. Steps: 1. Identify Hazards 2. Assess Hazards to determine risk 3. Develop controls and make risk decisions 4. Implement controls 5. Supervise/evaluate

Targeting

___________ is the process of selecting and prioritizing targets and matching the appropriate response to them, considering operational requirements and capabilities. Steps: - Decide - Detect - Deliver - Assess.

ROMO - Deterrence

___________ prevents adversary action through the presentation of a credible threat of unacceptable counteraction and belief that the cost of the action outweighs the perceived benefits.

Ethical Theory

___________ refers to the systematic effort to understand moral concepts and justify moral principles and theories. It analyzes key ethical concepts such as right, wrong, and permissible. It also considers sources of moral obligation, such as God, human reason, or the desire to be happy. It seeks to establish principles of right behaviors that serve as guides for individuals or groups L102

Mobility

___________ tasks are those combined arms activities that mitigate the effects of obstacles to enable freedom of movement and maneuver (ATP 3-90.4). _________ operations include these six primary tasks: - Conduct breaching. - Conduct clearing (areas and routes). - Conduct gap crossing. - Construct and maintain combat roads and trails. - Construct and maintain forward airfields and landing zones. - Conduct traffic management and enforcement.

Carrier Strike Group (CSG*)

___________ will remain the core of our Navy's warfighting strength and the most powerful force packages in the world. Consists of an aircraft carrier, 4-6 surface combatants, 1-2 nuclear attack submarines, and one replenishment ship

Technology Readiness Levels (TRL) Key TRLs: - TRL 6 Prototype in a relevant environment. DAS Phase 2. - TRL 7 Prototype in an operational environment. DAS Phase 3. - TRL 8 System complete and qualified through test and demonstration. DAS Phase 4. - TRL 9 System proven through successful operations. DAS Phase 4.

____________ are a measure of technical maturity enabling consistent, uniform, discussions of technical maturity across different types of technologies. Milestone decision authorities (MDA) consider the recommended ___________ when assessing program risk

Defensive Cyber Operations - Response Actions

____________ are deliberate, authorized defensive measures or activities conducted outside of the defended network.

Joint Operations

____________ are military actions conducted by joint forces and those Service forces. The primary way through which the Department of Defense employs Services from two or more Military Departments in a single operation.

Stress Behaviors

____________ are stress related actions that can be observed by others L107

Multinational Operations

____________ is a collective term to describe military actions conducted by forces of two or more nations, usually within the structure of a coalition or alliance. (JP 1-02)

Forms of Maneuver (Offense) - Frontal Attack

____________ is a form of maneuver in which an attacking force seeks to destroy a weaker enemy force or fix a larger enemy force in place over a broad front.

Forms of Maneuver (Offense) - Flank Attack

____________ is a form of offensive maneuver directed at the _______ of an enemy.

Directive Authority for Logistics (DAFL)

____________ is a logistics authority of COCOM, and only applies to assigned forces. Under crisis or war, the CCDR may use the facilities and supplies of all forces, assigned or attached, necessary to accomplish the missions. CCDR may delegate ______ to CJTF within the JOA for common support capability i.e.; medical support, OCS, JLTV repair

Five Tasks of Security - Screen

____________ is a security task that primarily provides early warning to the protected force. Provides less protection than guards or covers. Defensive in nature.

Enemy

____________ is identified as hostile against which the use of force is authorized.

Operational Framework - Consolidation Area

____________ is the portion of the commander's AO that is designated to facilitate the security and stability tasks necessary for freedom of action in the close area and to support the continuous consolidation of gains. Not for BCT and below

Operational Framework - Support Area

____________ is the portion of the commander's area of operations that is designated to facilitate the positioning, employment, and protection of base sustainment assets required to sustain, enable, and control operations.

US Agency for International Development (USAID)

____________ is the principal USG agency that provides disaster assistance and recovery, democratic reforms, and economic development to other countries. Traditional development includes: - Public Health - Education - Agriculture - Economics - Budget and Finance - Governance - Rule of Law - Private Sector - Environment - Water and Sanitation

Leadership

____________ is the process of influencing people by providing purpose, direction, and motivation to accomplish the mission and improve the organization (ADP 6-22) L103

Army Mission Command WfF

____________ is the related tasks and systems that develop and integrate those activities enabling a commander to balance the art of command and the science of control in order to integrate the other warfighting functions. (ADRP 3-0) [Army WfF]

Stability - Support governance

____________ is the set of activities conducted by a government or community organization to maintain societal order, define and enforce rights and obligations, and fairly allocate goods and services. Effective, legitimate governance ensures these activities are transparent, accountable, and involve public participation [Stability]

- Amphibious Ready Group (ARG-O6) - Expeditionary Strike Group (ESG*) - Marine Expeditionary Unit (MEU-O6)

____________ primary purposes are providing forward presence and power projection capabilities, ranging from humanitarian assistance and disaster relief, to crisis response and full scale combat operations

Joint Strategic Capabilities Plan (JSCP)

____________ provides guidance to CCDRs, Service Chiefs, CSA directors, applicable DOD agencies, DOD field activity directors, and the CNGB to accomplish tasks and missions based on near-term military capabilities. The _________ is signed by the CJCS and implements campaign, contingency, and posture planning guidance reflected in the Guidance for Employment of the Force (GEF). (JP 1)

Non-State Actors

____________ refers to any participant in the international system that is not a government but may have an impact on the internationally related decisions or policies of one or more states. Examples are IOs, NGOs, MNCs, the international news media, armed elements attempting to free their territory from external rule or terrorist groups. They can also be individuals.

Soft Power

____________ reflects getting others to want the outcomes that you want without coercing them. Originates with the more indirect means of moral authority, diplomacy, culture, and history. L103

Acquisition and Cross Service Agreement (ACSA)

____________ serves as the legal authority for providing mutual logistics support, supplies, and services (LSSS) to military forces of designated countries. The Secretary of Defense must designate a country eligible. Form of Host-Nation Support (HNS)

United State Marine Corps (USMC) Mission

____________ within the Department of the Navy, shall be so organized ... three combat divisions and three air wings ... provide fleet Marine forces of combined arms, together with supporting air components, for service with the fleet in the seizure or defense of advanced naval bases and for the conduct of such land operations as may be essential to the prosecution of a naval campaign. ____________ shall develop ... those phases of amphibious operations that pertain to the tactics, technique, and equipment used by landing forces

Field Operating Agency (FOA)

_____________ an agency with the primary mission of executing policy that is under the supervision of HQDA, but not an ACOM, ASCC or DRU. Listed below are some example ________s under the staff principal they support— There are 23. Examples: - Center for Army Analysis - Army Human Resources Command (HRC) - Army Contracting Agency (ACA) - Army Field Band - Logistics Innovation Agency - USAFMSA

Troop Leading Procedures (TLPs)

_____________ are a dynamic process used by small-unit leaders to analyze a mission, develop a plan, and prepare for an operation. Step 1 - Receive the mission Step 2 - Issue a warning order Step 3 - Make a tentative plan Step 4 - Initiate movement Step 5 - Conduct reconnaissance Step 6 - Complete the plan Step 7 - Issue the order Step 8 - Supervise and refine.

DoD Information Network (DODIN) Operations

_____________ design, build, configure, secure, operate, maintain, and sustain DOD networks to create and preserve information assurance.

(Army) Commander's Intent

_____________ is a clear and concise expression of the purpose of the operation and the desired endstate that supports mission command, provides focus to the staff, and helps subordinate and supporting commanders act to achieve the commander's desired results without further orders, even when the operation does not unfold as planned (JP 3-0) 1. Expanded Purpose 2. Key Tasks 3. End State Conditions (FETC)

Army Resource Priority List (ARPL)

_____________ is a macro view of the Army's requirements determination process that allows for the categorization of validated requirements into four broad categories (Expeditionary, Mission critical, Mission essential, and Mission enhancing capabilities). EX: Army will provide a BCT to support USAREUR Operation Atlantic Resolve

Pink Flamingo

_____________ is a predictable event that is ignored due to cognitive biases of a senior leader or a group of leaders trapped by powerful institutional forces. These are the cases which are "known knowns," often brightly lit, but remaining studiously ignored by policymakers.

Military Operations - COIN

_____________ is an operation that encompasses comprehensive civilian and military efforts taken to defeat an insurgency and to address any core grievances. See JP 3-24

Position Power

_____________ is derived from a particular office or rank in a formal organization. According to taxonomy of social psychologists John R.P. French and Bertram Raven, it is divided into further subcategories such as legitimate, reward, and coercive. L103

Military Operations - Recovery

_____________ is operations to search for, locate, identify, recover, and return isolated personnel, human remains, sensitive equipment, or items critical to national security. See JP 3-50

USTRANSCOM

_____________ is responsible for providing air, land, and sea transportation, terminal management, and aerial refueling to support the global deployment, employment, sustainment, and redeployment of US forces. (JP 4-0)

Posture Statements

_____________ is the annual report to Congress as part of the yearly requirement to testify. This is a major part of congressional oversight. This ____________ is submitted and briefed to Congress to inform them of the Army's direction, initiatives, and how they are executing in support of the national strategy.

Running Estimate

_____________ is the continuous assessment of the current situation used to determine if the current operation is proceeding according to the commander's intent and if planned future operations are supportable. Should always include recommendations for upcoming events.

ULO - Simultaneity

_____________ is the execution of related and mutually supporting tasks at the same time across multiple locations and domains. (ADRP 3-0) [ULO Tenet]

Chairman of the Joint Chiefs of Staff (CJCS)

_____________ is the principal military adviser to the President, the National Security Council (NSC), and the Secretary of Defense as designated by the Goldwater-Nichols Act of 1986. The National Defense Authorization Act for Fiscal Year 2006 made the __________ the statutory military advisor to the Homeland Security Council.

ROMO - Military Engagement

_____________ is the routine contact and interaction between individuals or elements of the Armed Forces of the United States and those of another nation's armed forces, or foreign and domestic civilian authorities or agencies, to build trust and confidence, share information, coordinate mutual activities, and maintain influence.

PN Cooperation - Standardization

_____________ is to achieve the closest practical cooperation among multinational partners through the efficient use of resources and the reduction of operational, logistic, communications, technical, and procedural obstacles in multinational military operations.

Sociocultural Factors - Social Structure

_____________ refers to the relations among groups of persons within a society and involves the arrangement of the parts that constitute society, organization of social positions, and distribution of people within those positions. (JP 2-01.3)

Hybrid Threat

_____________ the diverse and dynamic combination of regular forces, irregular forces, terrorist forces, or criminal elements unified to achieve mutually benefiting threat effects

Mission Command Philosophy

_____________ the exercise of authority and direction by the commander using mission orders to enable disciplined initiative within the commander's intent to empower agile and adaptive leaders in the conduct of unified land operations

Military Operations - Peace Operations (PO)

______________ are operations to contain conflict, redress the peace, and shape the environment to support reconciliation and rebuilding and facilitate the transition to legitimate governance. _____ include peacekeeping operations (PKO), peace enforcement operations (PEO), peacemaking (PM), peace building (PB), and conflict prevention efforts. See JP 3-07.3

Operating Forces

______________ are those forces whose primary missions are to participate in combat and the integral supporting elements thereof. _____________ are usually associated with Modification Table of Organization and Equipment (MTOE) units; i.e., BCTs and other Combat Arms, Combat Support and Combat Service Support units as well as SOF and other designated capabilities provided to combatant commanders. F101RA

Measures of effectiveness (MOE)

______________ assesses whether the joint force is "doing the right things." Measures purpose accomplishment

Countermobility

______________ consists of those combined arms activities that use or enhance the effects of natural and man-made obstacles to deny enemy forces freedom of movement and maneuver

Science of Tactics

______________ encompasses the understanding of those military aspects of tactics—capabilities, techniques, and procedures—that can be measured and codified

Stability - Restore Essential Services

______________ essential to local expectations of normalcy allows people to return to their daily activities and prevents further destabilization. [Stability]

Forms of Maneuver (Offense) - Penetration

______________ is a form of maneuver in which an attacking force seeks to rupture enemy defenses on a narrow front to disrupt the defensive system.

Range of Military Operations (ROMO) Across the Competition (no longer conflict) Continuum

______________ is a fundamental construct that helps relate military activities and operations in scope and purpose. The range encompasses three primary categories: - Military engagement, security cooperation, and deterrence - Crisis response and limited contingency operations - Major Operations and Campaigns

Elements of Joint Operational Design - Effects

______________ is a physical and/or behavioral state of a system that results from an action, a set of actions, or another _________ (2d and 3d order effect). Describes conditions related to objectives

Battle (Tactical)

______________ is a set of related engagements that last longer and involve larger forces than an engagement; can affect the course of the campaign or major operation; occurs when a division, corps, or army commander fights for one or more significant objectives; usually operationally significant, if not operationally decisive

Engagement (Tactical)

______________ is a small, tactical conflict between opposing maneuver forces, usually conducted at brigade level and below; normally lasts only a short time - minutes, hours, or a day.

Operational Framework - Sustaining Operation

______________ is an operation at any echelon that enables the decisive operation or shaping operation by generating or maintaining combat power

Common User Logistics (CUL)

______________ is the "bridge" between Service Title 10 responsibilities and providing joint logistics support. "Pillars" that support the ___________ "bridge" include: - Executive Agency (EA) - Inter Service Support Agreement (ISSA) - Direct Authority for Logistics (DAFL)

Army Sustainment WfF

______________ is the related tasks and systems that provide support and services to ensure freedom of action, extend operational reach, and prolong endurance. Includes the following tasks: 1. Conduct logistics. 2. Provide personnel services. 3. Provide health service support. [Army WfF]

Unity of Effort

______________ is the the coordination and cooperation toward common objectives, even if the participants are not necessarily part of the same command or organization—is the product of successful unified action.

Combat power

______________ is the total means of destructive, constructive, and information capabilities that a military unit or formation can apply at a given time.

Authorization Bill (National Defense Authorization Act (NDAA))

______________ provides authority to establish or continue a program. FDP Phase 4

Soft Tactics (Soft Power)

_______________ are associated with personal power and include: 1. Ingratiation 2. Personal appeal 3. Inspirational 4. Participation 5. Relationship Building 6. Consultation L103

Defensive Cyber Operations - Internal Defensive Measures (IDM)

_______________ are those DCOs that are conducted within the DODIN

Stability - Establish civil control purpose

_______________ fosters the rule of law. The rule of law means that all persons, institutions, and entities—public and private, including the state itself—are accountable to laws that are publicly promulgated, equally enforced, independently adjudicated, and consistent with international human rights principles. [Stability]

ROMO - Security Cooperation

_______________ involves all DOD interactions with foreign defense establishments to build defense relationships that promote specific US security interests, develop allied and friendly military capabilities for self-defense and multinational operations, and provide US forces with peacetime and contingency access to the HN.

Military Operations - CBRN Response

_______________ is DOD support to USG actions that plan for, prepare for, respond to, and recover from the effects of domestic and foreign CBRN incidents. See JP 3-41

Forms of Maneuver (Offense) - Turning movement

_______________ is a form of maneuver in which the attacking force seeks to avoid the enemy's principle defensive positions by seizing objectives behind the enemy's current positions thereby causing the enemy force to move out of their current positions or divert major forces to meet the threat.

Military Operations - Combating Terrorism

_______________ is actions, including antiterrorism (defensive measures taken to reduce vulnerability to terrorist acts) and ______ (actions taken directly against terrorist networks) to oppose terrorism. See JP 3-07.2, Antiterrorism, and JP 3-26

Military Operations - Stability Activities

_______________ is an overarching term encompassing various military missions, tasks, and activities conducted outside the US in coordination with other instruments of national power to maintain or reestablish a safe and secure environment and to provide essential governmental services, emergency infrastructure reconstruction, and humanitarian relief. See JP 3-07

Reserve

_______________ is that portion of a body of troops which is withheld from action at the beginning of an engagement, in order to be available for a decisive movement.

Operational Framework - Close Area

_______________ is the portion of a commander's area of operations assigned to subordinate maneuver forces. Operations in the _________ are operations that are within a subordinate commander's area of operations.

Elements of Joint Operational Design - Military End State

_______________ is the set of required conditions that defines achievement of all military objectives. It normally represents a point in time and/or circumstances beyond which the President does not require the military instrument of national power as the primary means to achieve remaining national objectives.

Reconnaissance Push

_______________ is used when commanders have a relatively thorough understanding of the operational environment. In these cases commanders '____' reconnaissance assets into specific portions of their areas of operation to confirm, deny, and validate planning assumptions impacting operations. Reconnaissance ____ emphasizes detailed, well-rehearsed planning. (FM 3-98)

Chief of Mission (COM)

_______________ leads a diplomatic mission provides recommendations and considerations for CAP directly to the GCC and CJTF

Unity of Command

_______________ means all forces operate under a single commander with the requisite authority to direct all forces employed in pursuit of a common purpose. Unity of command may not be possible during coordination and operations with multinational and interagency partners, but the requirement for unity of effort is paramount.

Joint Logistics over the Shore (JLOTS)

_______________ operations provide or enhance seaport of debarkation (SPOD) capability to support the joint force commander's (JFC's) campaign or operation

Military Operations - Mass atrocity

_______________ response is military activities conducted to prevent or halt mass atrocities. See JP 3-07.3

Sustainable Readiness

_______________ the structured planning of unit readiness over time to produce sufficient specific trained, ready, and cohesive units prepared for operational deployment in support of the combatant commander (CCDR) and other Army known and contingency requirements.

Secretaries of the Military Departments

________________ exercise authority over the Chiefs of the Services for those forces not assigned to the combatant commands

Multinational Force Commander (MNFC)

________________ exercises CMD authority over a military force composed of elements from two or more nations.

METT-TC - Time available

________________ for planning, preparing, and executing tasks and operations, including time required to assemble, deploy, and maneuver units in relation to the enemy and conditions. (Mission Variable)

Army Protection WfF

________________ is the related tasks and systems that preserve the force so the commander can apply maximum combat power to accomplish the mission. [Army WfF]

Stability - Conduct Security Cooperation

________________, as part of consolidation of gains, enhances military engagement and builds the security capacity of partner states. ______________ is comprised of multiple activities, programs, and missions, and it is functionally and conceptually related to Security Force Assistance (SFA), internal defense and development, Foreign Internal Defense (FID), and security sector reform. [Stability]

Operational Framework - Shaping Operation (SO)

_________________ establishes conditions for the DO through effects on the enemy, other actors, and the terrain. Commanders may designate more than one.

Combatant Commanders

_________________ exercise combatant command (command authority) (COCOM) over assigned forces and are responsible to the President and SecDef for the preparedness of their commands and performance of assigned missions.

Forms of Maneuver (Offense) - Envelopment

_________________ is a form of maneuver in which an attacking force seeks to avoid the principal enemy defenses by seizing objectives behind those defenses that allow the targeted enemy force to be destroyed in their current positions

Military Operation - Homeland Defense (HD)

_________________ is the protection of US sovereignty, territory, domestic population, and critical defense infrastructure against external threats and aggression or other threats as directed by the President. See JP 3-27

Fire Superiority

__________________ is that degree of dominance in the fires of one force over another that permits hat force to conduct maneuver at a given time and place without prohibitive interference by the enemy (FM 3-90-1)

Reconnaissance Pull

__________________ is used when commanders are uncertain of the composition and disposition of enemy forces in their areas of operation, information concerning terrain is vague, and time is limited. In these cases, reconnaissance assets initially work over a broad area to develop the enemy situation. As they gain an understanding of enemy weaknesses, they then '____' the main body to positions of tactical advantage. (FM 3-98)

Security Force Assistance (SFA)

___________________ is DOD's contribution to unified action by the USG to support the development of the capacity and capability of Foreign Security Forces (FSF) and their supporting institutions, to achieve objectives shared by the USG. _______ is conducted with and through FSF.

Aerial Reconnaissance

____________________ is a reconnaissance method conducted by Army or joint aviation assets and serves as a link between sensors and mounted or dismounted reconnaissance and used to cue other reconnaissance methods to specific areas thereby increasing the overall tempo of the operation. Consider using this when: - Weather permits - Time is extremely limited or information is required quickly - Ground reconnaissance elements are not available - The objective is at an extended range - Verifying a target - Enemy locations are known and extremely dangerous (high risk) to ground assets or are vague but identified as high risk to ground assets - Terrain is complex and weather conditions are favorable.

Army Force Management Model

____________________ is a roadmap divided into seven distinct modules, as follows: (1) Determine Strategic and Operational Requirements. The strategy module includes national-, defense-, joint-, and Army laws, leaders, documents, and processes, including global force management (GFM) demands. (2) Develop Required Capabilities / DOTMLPF-P Solutions. This module includes JCIDS, CBA (3) Design Organizations, Develop Organizational Models, and Document Organizational Authorizations all combine to make-up the structure module. (4) Acquire Materiel Solutions. DAS (5) Determine Authorizations. This module includes TAA and PPBE. (6) Acquire, Train, and Distribute Personnel. (7) Acquire/Distribute/Sustain/Dispose Materiel

Dismounted Reconnaissance

____________________ is the most time-consuming reconnaissance method used by ground and air units, but permits the most detailed information collection about the enemy, terrain, civil considerations, and infrastructure. The commander considers using ________ when: - Stealth is required or security is the primary concern. - Time is available - Detailed information is required - The reconnaissance objective is a stationary threat, fixed site, or terrain feature - The unit expects, or has made, enemy contact through visual/electronic means - Reconnaissance vehicles cannot move through an area because of terrain or threat - Terrain creates a 'visual dead space' that prevents optics or sensors use - Vehicles are not available

1. Planning (G3/5/7) 2. Programming (G8) 3. Budgeting (Assistant Secretary of the Army (Financial Management & Comptroller) (ASA(FM&C))) 4. Execution (ASA(FM&C)) *(PPBE) Process

_______________________'s main objective is to establish, justify, and acquire the fiscal and manpower resources needed to accomplish the Army's assigned missions in executing the defense strategy utilizing a single year budget cycle. FDP Phase 4

Arranging Operations - Phase

a way to view and conduct a complex joint operation in manageable parts. Should be condition driven and not time driven. Distinct in time, space, and/or purpose from one another, but must be planned in support of each other and should represent a natural progression and subdivision of the campaign or operation.

Global Force Management (GFM)

a. Assignment. Secretaries of the Military Departments assign forces to CCDRs as directed by SecDef to perform missions assigned to those commands. SecDef promulgates this direction via the assignment tables communicated in the Global Force Management Implementation Guidance (GFMIG). b. Allocation. SecDef has the authority to allocate forces between CCDRs. The allocation process temporarily adjusts the distribution of forces among the CCDRs to meet force requirements in support of current operations and campaign plans to mitigate near-term military and strategic risk. SecDef publishes decisions to allocate forces in the Global Force Management Allocation Plan (GFMAP). c. Apportionment. Forces are apportioned quarterly by the CJCS to provide an estimate of the Military Departments' capacity to generate capabilities that can reasonably be expected to be made available along general timelines. This estimate informs and shapes CCDR resource-informed planning but does not identify the actual forces that may be allocated for use if a plan transitions to execution. Apportionment is dependent on the number of operational forces, the readiness and availability of the forces, and the number of forces employed globally and serves as the starting point for planning. JP 3-35

Characteristics of the Defense - Disruption

actions to interfere with attackers' tempo and synchronization to prevent the enemy from massing combat power

DOTMLPF-P - Materiel

all the "stuff" necessary to equip DOD forces so those forces can operate effectively. Materiel includes ships, tanks, self-propelled weapons, aircraft, related spares, repair parts, and support equipment, but excludes real property, installations, and utilities. Output: System modification, system upgrade, or new system start (Initial Capabilities Document (ICD)). FDP Phase 1

Sustainable Readiness Model (SRM) - Mission

allocated or assigned force demand units with an ordered mission. Units are differentiated by whether or not the mission requires C1 (Objective) / C2 decisive action readiness or A1 Readiness.

Characteristics of the Defense - Maneuver

allows the defender to take full advantage of the AO and to mass and concentrate when desirable; encompasses defensive actions such as security and support area operations [Char of Defense]

Joint Special Operations Area (JSOA)

an area of land, sea, and airspace assigned by a JFC to the commander of SOF to conduct special operations activities. It may be limited in size to accommodate a discreet direct action mission or may be extensive enough to allow a continuing broad range of unconventional warfare (UW) operations. A ________ is defined by a JFC who has geographic responsibilities. JFCs may use a _____ to delineate and facilitate simultaneous conventional and special operations. The JFSOCC is the supported commander within the _______.

Joint Operations Area (JOA)

an area of land, sea, and airspace, defined by a GCC or subordinate unified commander, where a JFC (normally a CJTF) conducts military operations to accomplish a specific mission.

Forms of Maneuver (Defense) - Perimeter defense

an option when conducting an area or mobile defense. Oriented in all directions. Prerequisites are aggressive patrolling and security operations outside the ________. Secure the inner portion while focusing combat power on the __________. Forms of Maneuver (Defense)

Arranging Operations - Sequels

anticipate and plan for subsequent operations based on the possible outcomes of the current operation—victory, defeat, or stalemate.

IRC - Civil-Military Operations (CMO)

are activities that establish, maintain, influence, or exploit relationships between foreign military forces, indigenous populations, and institutions with the objective to reestablish or maintain stability in a region or HN.

Center of Gravity (COG) - Critical requirements

are essential conditions, resources, and means the COG requires to perform the critical capability. Nouns. Link to CC

Center of Gravity (COG) - Critical capabilities

are the primary abilities essential to the accomplishment of the end state. Verb

Elements of Joint Operational Design - Indirect Approach

attacks the enemy's COG by applying combat power against CVs that lead to the defeat of the COG while avoiding enemy strength.

Elements of Joint Operational Design - Direct Approach

attacks the enemy's COG or principal strength by applying combat power directly against it.

Consulates

branch offices of the mission located in key cities—may be established in large cities or commercial centers. ___________ are often far from the US embassy. A __________ is headed by a consul general.

Elements of Joint Operational Design - Lines of Operation (LOO)

defines the interior or exterior orientation of the force in relation to the enemy or that connects actions on nodes and/or decisive points related in time and space to an objective(s)(JP 5-0)

Defeat Mechanism - Isolate

deny an enemy or adversary access to capabilities that enable the exercise of coercion, influence, potential advantage, and freedom of action [Defeat Mechanism]

Forms of Maneuver (Defense) - Reverse Slope Defense

denying the enemy the topographical crest. Control the crest by fire. Forms of Maneuver (Defense)

Defeat Mechanism - Disintegrate

disrupt the enemy's command and control system, degrading its ability to conduct operations [Defeat Mechanism]

Defeat Mechanism - Dislocate

employing forces to obtain significant positional advantage, rendering the enemy's dispositions less valuable, perhaps even irrelevant [Defeat Mechanism]

Forms of Maneuver (Defense) - Defense of a Linear Obstacle

examples are mountain ranges and rivers. Commanders prefer area defense, so that the obstacle cannot be crossed. Forms of Maneuver (Defense)

Five Tasks of Recon - Area

focuses on obtaining detailed information about the terrain or enemy activity a prescribed ares. (Tasks of Recon)

DOTMLPF-P - Organization

how DOD organizes to fight. Output: Unit Reference Sheets (URS), Force Design Update (FDU), Table of Organization & Equipment (TOE). FDP Phase 1

DOTMLPF-P - Training

how DOD prepares to fight tactically; this definition ranges from basic training to advanced individual training to unit training. Output: Individual Training Plan (ITP), Institutional or MOS Training. FDP Phase 1

Characteristics of the Defense - Preparation

inherent strength of the defense is defender's ability to study the terrain, select positions to mass fires, combine natural and manmade obstacles to canalize enemy to EAs, rehearse actions on ground, place security and recon forces, and continue preparations in depth even as the fight begins. [Char of Defense]

Organizations

institutions with bounded membership, defined goals, established operations, fixed facilities or meeting places, and means of financial or logistic support.

Five Eyes (FVEY)

intelligence alliance, UK, AUS, NZ, CAN, US

Five Tasks of Recon - Zone

involves a directed effort to obtain detailed information on all routes, obstacles, terrain, and enemy forces within a ____ defined by boundaries. (Tasks of Recon)

Task

is a clearly defined action or activity assigned to an individual or organization.

Essential Element of Friendly Information (EEFI)

is a critical aspect of a friendly operation that, if known by the enemy, would subsequently compromise, lead to failure, or limit success of the operation and therefore should be protected from enemy detection. Not CCIRs, but they have the same priority.

Mobile Defense - Striking Force

is a dedicated counterattack force in a mobile defense constituted with the bulk of available combat power

Five Tasks of Recon - Reconnaissance in Force

is a deliberate combat operation designed to discover or test the enemy's strength, dispositions, and reactions or to obtain other information. (Tasks of Recon)

Five Tasks of Recon - Route

is a directed effort to obtain detailed information of a specified _____ and all terrain from which the enemy could influence movement along that _______ (Tasks of Recon)

Joint Task Forces (JTFs)

is a joint force that is constituted and so designated by SecDef, a CCDR, a subordinate unified commander, or an existing JTF commander. A ________ may be established on a geographical area or functional basis when the mission has a specific limited objective and does not require overall centralized control of logistics.

Neutral

is a party identified as neither supporting nor opposing friendly, adversary, or enemy forces.

Stakeholder

is a person, organization, or entity who affects or can be affected by actions of the US military. _____________ do not necessarily have shared goals or objectives with the US Government or Department of Defense.

Operation

is a sequence of tactical actions with a common purpose or unifying theme. An _____________ may entail the process of carrying on combat, including movement, supply, attack, defense, and maneuvers needed to achieve the objective of any battle or campaign.

Counterreconnaissance

is a tactical mission task that encompasses all measures taken by a commander to counter enemy reconnaissance efforts

The Military Decision-making Process (MDMP)

is an iterative planning methodology to understand the situation and mission, develop a course of action, and produce an operation plan or order

Five Tasks of Recon - Special

is characterized as reconnaissance and surveillance actions conducted as a special operation in hostile, denied, or politically sensitive environments to collect or verify information of strategic or operational significance employing military capabilities not normally found in conventional forces. (Tasks of Recon)

Deputy Chief of Mission (DCM)

is chosen from the ranks of career foreign service officers, through a rigorous selection process, to be the principal ________ to the ambassador.

Identity Intelligence (I2)

is gathered from identity attributes of individuals, groups, networks, or populations of interest. Regional and global trends have placed greater requirements on the JFC to be able to recognize and differentiate one person from another to support protection and intelligence functions. ___ activities help the joint force protect and control relevant populations. ____ products, such as biometric watch lists and persons of interest overlays, assist US forces, the HN, and PNs to positively identify, track, characterize, and disrupt threat actors.

Elements of Joint Operational Design - Culmination

is that point in time and/or space at which the operation can no longer maintain momentum. Integration and synchronization of sustainment with combat operations can forestall _________ and help commanders control the tempo of their operations.

Disruption Zone

is the AOR of the disruption force. It is that geographical area and airspace in which the unit's disruption force will conduct disruption tasks.

Ambassador

is the President's personal representative to the government of the foreign country or to the international organization to which accredited. As such, ___________ is normally the COM and recommends and implements national policy regarding the foreign country or international organization, and oversees the activities of USG employees in the mission. The COM has authority over all USG personnel in country, except for those under the command of a CCDR, a USG multilateral mission, or an international organization.

Planning

is the art and science of understanding a situation, envisioning a desired future, and laying out effective ways of bringing that future about. [MDMP, JPP]

Law of War

is the body of law that regulates both the legal and customary justifications for utilizing force and the conduct of armed hostilities; it is binding on the US and its individual citizens.

Cueing

is the integration of one or more types of reconnaissance or surveillance systems to provide information that directs follow-on collecting of more detailed information by another system

Senior Defense Official (SDO)/Defense Attachés (DATT)

is the principal DOD official and representative on country teams. In locations with no _________ , the chief of the Security Cooperation Organization (SCO) may act as the ___________. The ___________ is the COM's principal military advisor on defense and national security issues and the senior diplomatically accredited DOD military officer assigned to a US diplomatic mission.

Mixing

is using two or more different assets to collect against the same intelligence requirement

Battle Zone

is where the OPFOR expects to conduct decisive actions.

Elements of Joint Operational Design - Arranging Operations

often will be a combination of simultaneous and sequential operations to reach the end state conditions with the least cost in personnel and other resources. Commanders consider a variety of factors when determining this arrangement, including geography of the OA, available strategic lift, changes in command structure, force protection, distribution and sustainment capabilities, adversary reinforcement capabilities, and public opinion.

Characteristics of the Defense - Flexibility

preparations in depth, use of reserves, and the ability to shift the main effort; designating supplementary positions, designing counterattack plans, and preparing to counterattack. [Char of Defense]

Characteristics of the Defense - Security

prevention of enemy intelligence, surveillance, and reconnaissance assets from determining friendly locations, strengths, and weaknesses through protection, military deception, inform and influence activities, and cyber electromagnetic activities. [Char of Defense]

Characteristics of the Defense - Operations in Depth

quick, violent, and simultaneous action throughout the depth of the defender's area of operations can hurt, confuse, and even paralyze an enemy force, improving the chances for success while minimizing friendly casualties. [Char of Defense]

Arranging Operations - Simultaneity

refers to the simultaneous application of integrated military and nonmilitary power against the enemy's key capabilities and sources of strength. Also refers to the concurrent conduct of operations at the tactical, operational, and strategic levels.

Arranging Operations - Depth

seeks to overwhelm the enemy throughout the OA, creating competing and simultaneous demands on enemy commanders and resources and contributing to the enemy's speedy defeat.

Sustainable Readiness Model (SRM) - Prepare

service retained or assigned units preparing for mission who are C3 / C4 and not executing an ordered mission

Sustainable Readiness Model (SRM) - Ready

service retained or assigned units ready for immediate deployment by sustaining C1 (Objective) / C2 Threshold levels of decisive action readiness. (i.e.. band of excellence)

Elements of Joint Operational Design - Center of Gravity (COG)

source of power that provides moral or physical strength, freedom of action, or will to act. (JP 5-0)

Difference between a spoiling attack and a counter attack

spoiling attack impairs the ability for the enemy to launch an attack, while a counterattack prevents the enemy from exploiting success

Ethics

that branch of philosophy that deals with how we ought to live with the idea of the good, and with concepts such as 'right' and 'wrong. L102

Administrative Control (ADCON)

the direction or exercise of authority over subordinate or other organizations with respect to administration and support, including organization of Service forces, control of resources and equipment, personnel management, logistics, individual and unit training, readiness, mobilization, demobilization, discipline, and other matters not included in the operational missions of the subordinate or other organizations. ________ is synonymous with administration and support responsibilities identified in Title 10, USC. This is the authority necessary to fulfill Military Department statutory responsibilities for administration and support. _________ may be delegated to and exercised by commanders of Service forces assigned to a CCDR at any echelon at or below the level of Service component command. _______ is subject to the command authority of CCDRs. _______ may be delegated to and exercised by commanders of Service commands assigned within Service authorities.

DOTMLPF-P - Leadership and Education

the professional development leaders need to lead the fight; education ranges from educating squad leaders to educating four-star generals and admirals. Output: Leader Development Action Plan (LDAP), PME for Leaders. FDP Phase 1

DOTMLPF-P - Facilities

the real property, installations, and industrial facilities that support DOD force. Output: Land and Structures, MILCON Memorandum (new construction), SRM Funding Request (modify existing). FDP Phase 1

Center of Gravity (COG) - Critical vulnerabilities

those aspects or components of critical requirements that are deficient or vulnerable to direct or indirect attack in a manner achieving decisive or significant results. They have to be linked to CR. Link it explicitly.

DOTMLPF-P - Personnel

those individuals required in either a military or a civilian capacity to accomplish the assigned mission. Output: Soldier Development Memorandum, New Manpower (MOS) or skills (ASI). FDP Phase 1

IRC - Military Deception (MILDEC)

to mislead enemy decision makers and commanders and cause them to take specific actions or inactions.

Strategy - Ways

• Answers "how" the objectives are to be accomplished • Normally expressed as verbs • Link objectives (ends) to resources (means) • Referred to as "strategic approach" or "strategic concepts" at national level, "courses of action" at operation and theater level

Strategy - Means

• Answers "with what" to accomplish the ends • The resources or instruments by which some ends can be achieved • Described as nouns

Strategy - Ends

• Answers the "what" that is to be achieved • Can be described as a noun, abstract noun, or a condition • Referred to as "national interests" or "goals and purpose" at national level • At operational and theater level, these are referred to as military objectives and describes what the Armed Forces are expected to accomplish

Joint Reception Staging and Onward Integration (JRSOI)

• Integrates the deploying forces into joint operations • Responsibility of supported combatant commander • Not complete until deploying unit is functioning part of joint force • Potentially the period of greatest vulnerability to a deploying unit • Planning focus is rapid integration of deploying forces and capabilities.

Joint Air Operations Center (JAOC)

• Provides centralized planning, decentralized execution for all air assets of a joint force • Functions at the component or force level • The structure of the AOC suits its function • Plans, produces, executes and assesses the ATO • Requires connectivity to other operations centers, higher headquarters, lateral headquarters, and subordinate units • An element of the theater air ground system (TAGS)

Amphibious Operation Tasks

• Seize a lodgment for follow-on forces • Seize areas for advanced bases • Destroy, neutralize, or seize enemy advanced bases • Occupy areas blocking free passage by adversaries • Provide an afloat reserve • Provide deception, to force the enemy to defend along littoral areas

Operational Design Methodology

- Understand Strategic Guidance 1.Understand strategic direction and guidance 2.Understand the strategic environment (policies, diplomacy, politics) - Understand the OE 3.Understand the OE - Define the Problem(s) 4.Define the problem 5.Identify assumptions needed to continue planning (both strategic and operational) - Operational Approach 6.Develop options (the operational approach) 7.Identify decisions, decision points (external to the organization) 8.Refine the operational approach(es) 9.Develop planning guidance

Capabilities Development Document (CDD)

Derived from the Initial Capabilities Document (ICD). __________ is primary means of defining authoritative, measurable, and/or testable capabilities for the Phases II-III of DAS. Eventually becomes the Capability Production Document (CPD).

- Any obstacle is friction (terrain, weather, readiness of Soldier), but the enemy is the largest point of friction - Friction keeps nations from going to absolute war Overcoming friction: - Friction does not guarantee defeat - Physical and moral courage, strength, and will - Genius - Coup d'oeil - Intuitive grasp of the battlefield e.g. when to move troops or commit reserve.

Describe friction according to Clausewitz.

"War is as if suspended by three magnets" - Policy - Government (politics, reason, intelligence) - Probability - Military (calculation, chance, odds) - Passion - People (Hate, enmity, primal violence) *If Trinity is out of balance, more friction.

Describe the Clausewitz Trinity Theory

• An apparent lack of concern for the well-being of subordinates • A personality or interpersonal technique that negatively affects organizational climate • A conviction by subordinates that the leader is motivated primarily by self-interest

What are some elements of toxic leadership? L105

Capabilities-based Assessment (CBA)

The ________ is considered the beginning of the JCIDS process. Ultimately, the _________ is used to determine the gaps and the DOTMLPF-P analysis will provide recommended approaches to solutions that will mitigate or eliminate gaps. FDP - Phase 1

DOTMLPF-P - Doctrine

The fundamental principles by which the military forces or military elements guide their actions in support of national objectives. Output: New or Updated Doctrine (ADP, ADRP, FM) FDP Phase 1

*Focused largely on Fredrick the Great and Napoleon - Strategic war subordinate to political purpose - Absolute vs. real war - "War is continuation of politics by other means" - War as an art, descriptive - Wondrous Trinity - Defense is the strong form of war - Command needs genius - Nature of war (fog, friction, fear, fatigue)

What are some of the ideas of Clausewitz's theory? Who did he primarily study?

*Focused largely on Fredrick the Great and Napoleon - Four fundamental principles that control war: Mass Maneuver, Offensive, Objective - Concentration, interior lines, unity of command, decisive point, surprise, levels of war, annihilation, logistics - Favored Offense - Clear, rational view of war - Command needs principles and genius - War is a science, prescriptive - Government should fund military but stay out of operations and strategy - Failed to recognize dynamics of modern warfare

What are some of the ideas of Jomini's theory? Who did he primarily study?

MOOSE MUSS RPL - Mass - Objective - Offensive - Security - Economy of Force - Maneuver - Unity of Command - Surprise - Simplicity - Restraint - Perseverance - Legitimacy

What are the 12 Principles of War for Joint Operations?

- Mission Command (soon to be C2) - Protection - Movement and Maneuver - Intelligence - Fires - Sustainment - (Joint Only) Information

What are the Army Warfighting Functions (WfF)?

1. Force Allocation Decision Model (FADM) - Provides Global Force Management (GFM) allocation priorities 2. Army Resource Priority List (ARPL) provides Army allocation priorities (Four Capability Categories: Expeditionary, Mission critical, Mission essential, Mission enhancing) 3. Integrated Requirement Priority List (IRPL): Collates FADM and ARPL priorities 4. Dynamic Army Resource Priority List (DARPL): provides the "tactical guidance" assigning UICs to specific IRPL missions and through modeling manages units through the Sustainable Readiness (SR). 5. Downstream Systems: utilizing the DARPL these systems/processes distribute Army resources IAW with their designated priority.

What are the Army prioritization documents that are approved by the Army G3/5/7? FDP Phase 4

1. Define the OE (METT-TC) 2. Describe the Environmental Effects on Operations (Overlays, Matrixes) 3. Evaluate the Threat (characteristics, template, capabilities, HVTL) 4. Determine Threat/Adversary COAs (Event matrix/template, COA sketch)

What are the Intelligence Preparation of the Battlefield (IPB) Steps?

- Manning (MM) - G1 - Training (TT) - G3 - Equipping (EE) - G8 - Sustaining (SS) - G4 - Installations (II) - ACSIM

What are the Program Evaluation Groups to support (Planning, Programming, Budgeting, and Execution (PPBE) and are broken out by major T10 functions? FDP Phase 4

- Purpose (goals, objectives) - Question at issue (problem, issue) - Information (data, facts, reasons, observations) - Interpretation and inferences (conclusions, solutions) - Concepts (theories, definitions, laws, principles) - Assumptions (axioms, taking for granted) - Implications and consequences - Point of view (frames of reference, perspectives)

What are the eight Elements of Thought?

- Humility - Autonomy - Fair Mindedness - Courage - Perseverance - Empathy - Integrity - Confidence in Reasoning

What are the eight intellectual traits?

Pre-systems Acquisition: 1. Materiel Solution Analysis 2. Technology Maturation & Risk Reduction Systems Acquisition: 3. Engineering and Manufacturing Development 4. Production and Deployment Sustainment: 5. Operations and Support

What are the five phases in the Defense Acquisition System (DAS)?

1. Develop Capabilities (DCR, ICD) 2. Design Organizations (FDU, URS) 3. Development Organizational Models (BOIP, TOE (requirements)) 4. Determine Organizational Authorizations (TAA - ARSTRUC, PPBE - POM) 5. Document Organizations Authorizations (MTOE, TDA - authorizations)

What are the five phases of Army Force Development Process (FDP)?

- Defense must not surrender the initiative - Defense must rely on firepower - not large troops - Defense must not hold ground at all costs - Defense must consider depth for construction of firing positions

What are the four principles to Ludendorf's Defense in Depth?

- Milestone A - Draft Capability Development Document (CDD). End of DAS Phase 1 - Milestone B - CDD. End of DAS Phase 2 and formal initiation of an acquisition program - Milestone C - Capability Production Document (CPD). End of DAS Phase 3.

What are the milestones in Defense Acquisition System (DAS)?

- Structuring - Manning - Equipping - Training - Sustaining - Funding - Deploying - Stationing - Readiness.

What are the nine Force Integration Functional Areas (FIFA)? An approved FDU should support and accomplish each FIFA. Done during FDP Phase 2 but reviewed heavily in Phase 3.

- Clarity - Accuracy - Precision - Relevance - Depth - Breadth - Logic - Significance - Fairness

What are the nine Intellectual Standards?

- HQDA G3/5/7 - Manpower Management (Spaces) through FMS - HQDA G1 - Personnel Management (Faces) through Army Manning Guidance.

What are the roles of the Army G3 and G1 in Force Integration?

- Mission command - Develop the situation through action - Combined arms - Adherence to the law of war - Establish and maintain security - Create multiple dilemmas for the enemy

What are the six principles of Unified Land Operations (ULO)?

- Geography - Demographics - Natural Resources

What are the sources of National Power - Natural Determinants?

- Economic - Military - Psychological - Political - Style of Government

What are the sources of National Power - Social Determinants?

1. Equipping Guidance 2. Equipping Modernization 3. Modernization Strategy

What are the three critical equipping documents for Force Integration?

- Urgent - Emergent - Deliberate

What are the three requirements lanes in the Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System (JCIDS) process? FDP Phase 1

- Hard (coalition, legitimate requests, pressure) - Soft (personal appeals, Inspiration, participation, relationship building, consultation) - Rational (exchange, apprising, collaboration, rational persuasion)

What are the three types of influence techniques? L103

- Personal (Style: Commitment is dedication or allegiance to a cause or organization) - Position (Style: compliance is conforming to a specific requirement or demand)

What are the two sources of a leader's power (capacity to influence others)? L103

- Areas - Structures - Capabilities - Organizations - People - Events

What does ASCOPE stand for?

- Doctrine - Organization - Training - Materiel - Leadership and Education - Personnel - Facilities - Policy

What does DOTMLPF-P stand for? FDP - Phase 1

- Observation and Fields of Fire - Avenues of Approach - Key Terrain - Obstacles - Cover and Concealment

What does OAKOC stand for?

- Sewer - Water - Electricity - Academic - Trash - Medical - Security - Other considerations

What does SWEAT-MSO stand for?

VISION feeds: 1. Army Capstone Concept (ACC) 2. Army Operating Concept (AOC) 3. Army Functional Concepts (AFC) :helps build DOCTRINE

What does the Army Concept Framework (ACF) consist of? These concepts provide a conceptual foundation for conducting Capabilities-Based Assessment (CBA) of the ability of our current force to meet the future operational challenges. Properly applied, Army Joint Capabilities Integration and Development System (JCIDS) produces an integrated set of DOTMLPF-P solution approaches that collectively provide the required capabilities. FDP Phase 1

1. Capstone Concept for Joint Operations (CCJO) 2. Joint Operating Concepts (JOCs) 3. Supporting Concepts

What does the Joint Concept Framework (JCF) consist of?

- An isolated act - Instantaneous - All forces used - Outcome predetermined - Result final and lasting

What is absolute war according to Clausewitz?

1. Limited war: - Fighting limited by how many casualties on the field - Ancient aristocrats would not risk their position - Practical limitations that limit war (logistics, distances, justification) - Examples: war prior to Frederick the Great, Vietnam, Afghanistan 2. Total war - Aim is to destroy a total army - Complete power over enemy's political system - Much higher casualties - Example: WWI, WWII, Napoleonic wars

What is the difference between limited war and total war?

Materiel (Initial Capabilities Document (ICD)) and/or non-materiel (DOTMLPF-P Change Recommendations (DCR)) solutions.

What is the documented output from the JCIDS/CBA process? FDP - Phase 1

Managing emotions on both sides

What is the key to negotiation? L110

- Fog (uncertainty) - Fear (danger) - Fatigue (exertion) - Friction (chance)

What is the nature of war per Clausewitz?

Program Objective Memorandum (POM)

________ is made up of one budget year and four programming years. FDP Phase 4

Disciplined initiative

________ is the willingness to act in the absence of orders, when existing orders no longer make sense, or the unforeseen arises

Operational Framework - Area of Influence

_________ is the geographical area wherein a commander is directly capable of influencing operations by maneuver or fire support systems; ideally, the it encompasses the entire AO.

Force Integration (FI)

_________ synchronizes DOTMLPF-P solutions into designed organizations at proper stations to train and enter Sustainable Readiness for global missions

Operational Art

__________ is the cognitive approach by commanders and staffs—supported by their skill, knowledge, experience, creativity, and judgment—to develop strategies, campaigns, and operations to organize and employ military forces by integrating ends, ways, and means.

Operational Framework - Main Effort (ME)

__________ is the designated subordinate unit whose mission at a given point in time is most critical to overall mission success. Preponderance of combat power. Typically, _____ shifts one or more times during execution. Receives priority of support and resources. A unit conducting a shaping operation may be the _________ until the decisive operation (DO) commences. The unit with primary responsibility within the DO becomes the ________ upon the execution of the DO.

Revolutions in Military Affairs (RMA)

__________ require the assembly of a complex mix of tactical, organizational, doctrinal, and technological innovations in order to implement a new conceptual approach to warfare or specialized sub-branch of warfare. Examples: • Combined arms tactics • Strategic bombing • Carrier warfare • Submarine warfare • Amphibious warfare

Joint Capability Integration and Development System (JCIDS)

___________ is a capabilities-based approach to identify current and future capability gaps in the joint force ability to carry out joint warfighting missions and functions. Starts with the COCOMs building Integrated Priority Lists (IPL). The Joint Requirement Oversight Council (JROC) validates the requirement (and subsequent solutions) and assigns lead service. Army Requirements Oversight Council (AROC) validates Army level requirements and subsequent solutions. The Army Concept Framework (ACF) helps provide guidance to develop capabilities. Key component to FDP - Phase 1

Operational Framework - Area of Operations

___________ is an operational area assigned to units by higher HQ; should be large enough to accomplish their missions and protect their forces. May be: - Contiguous: Adjacent subordinate unit AOs share boundaries. The higher HQ allocates all of the assigned AO to subordinate units. - Noncontiguous: Subordinate units receive distinct AOs. The higher HQ retains responsibility for the unassigned portion of the AO.

Force Design Update (FDU)

___________ is the Army process used to develop new organizational requirements or changes to existing organizations to overcome identified capability shortfalls that cannot be accommodated by doctrine, training, leadership and education, facilities or policy solutions. Packet includes the Unit Reference Sheet (URS). Key output from FDP Phase 2

Operational Framework - Area of Interest

___________ is the area of concern to the commander, including the area of influence, areas adjacent thereto, and extending into enemy territory; also includes areas occupied by enemy forces who could jeopardize the accomplishment of the mission.

Operational Framework - Supporting Effort (SE)

___________ is the designated subordinate unit with missions that support the success of the main effort. Resourced with the minimum assets necessary to accomplish the mission. Success of main effort often realized through success of the _______.

Army's Operational Concept - Unified Land Operations

____________ is how the Army seizes, retains, and exploits the initiative to gain and maintain a position of relative advantage in sustained land operations through simultaneous offensive, defensive, and stability operations in order to prevent or deter conflict, prevail in war, and create the conditions for favorable conflict resolution. (ADP 3-0)

Organizational Climate

_____________ consists of collective perceptions of the work environment formed by members of the organization based on actions, policies, and procedures of the leadership L105

Operational Environment

_____________ is a composite of the conditions, circumstances, and influences that affect the employment of capabilities and bear on the decisions of the commander

Decision Point

_____________ is a point in space or time the commander or staff anticipate making a key decision concerning a specific course of action.

Joint Intelligence Preparation of the Operational Environment (JIPOE)

_____________ is the joint systematic approach used by intelligence personnel to analyze the adversary and other relevant aspects of the operational environment.

Army Force Development Process (FDP)

______________ is a five-phase F100 process that is the start point, rationale and underlying basis for defining the Army's force structure. The ______ process consists of defining required military capabilities, designing force structures to provide these capabilities, and translating organizational concepts into a trained and ready Army.

Initial Capabilities Document (ICD)

______________ is the ouput from FDP Phase 1. It describes one or more capability gaps, identifies potential non-materiel approaches and recommends pursuing a materiel approach to address those gaps integrating DOTMLPF-P while focused on a materiel-centric solution. Eventually morphs into the Capability Development Document (CDD) then Capability Production Document (CPD).

Appropriations Bill

_______________ provides legal authority to obligate (spend) US Treasury funds. FDP Phase 4

Operational Framework - Decisive Operation (DO)

_________________ is the operation that directly accomplishes the mission and commander's intent. It determines the outcome of a major operation, battle, or engagement.

Defense Acquisition System (DAS)

__________________ is a management process to translate user needs and technological opportunities into reliable and sustainable systems

DOTMLPF-P - Policy

any DOD, interagency, or international policy issues that may impact effective implementation of changes in the other seven DOTMLPF-P elemental areas. Output: DOD, Law, Regulation changes. FDP Phase 1

Basis of Issue Plan (BOIP)

is a requirements document that allows for the incremental modernization of Army units. It lists the planned placement of quantities of new equipment and associated support items of equipment and/or personnel. Key output of FDP - Phase 3