You May Ask Yourself Chapter 12

Josephine's parents divorced when she was five years old. By the time she was eight, both her parents had remarried and she had two step-siblings on her father's side and a half-brother on her mother's side. Josephine's two new families are examples of what type of family? A. A blended family B. An extended family C. A nuclear family D. A kinship network

A. A blended family

Which of the following are characteristics of the preindustrial family? A. Families produced the food, clothing, and other goods they needed to survive. B. There were very separate public and private spheres. C. A nuclear family tended to be very isolated from its extended family. D. Women ran the household and raised the children while men worked in the fields.

A. Families produced the food, clothing, and other goods they needed to survive.

Talcott Parsons's claim that the traditional family was necessary to modern industrial society because it fulfilled society's need for productive workers (fathers) and child rearers (women) is an example of a _____ approach to sociology. A. Functionalist B. Micro-level C. Symbolic interactionist D. Postmodern

A. Functionalist

In 2003, which minority group passed African Americans as the largest minority group in the United States? A. Latinos B. Asians C. East Europeans D. Mexicans

A. Latinos

As women have joined the work force in greater and greater numbers and their earning power has increased, how has the sharing of domestic responsibilities between men and women changed? A. Women still take on a greater share of domestic tasks than their male partners. B. Women and men split the responsibility for domestic chores fairly evenly. C. Men still do less than women do overall, but they are doing more of the unappealing tasks such as grocery shopping, laundry, and house cleaning. D. Men do more care giving for children and elderly parents, while women focus on cooking, cleaning, and paying bills.

A. Women still take on a greater share of domestic tasks than their male partners.

According to welfare critics, ________ sets in with many welfare recipients, and they become so used to receiving government aid that they lose interest in looking for work and trying to get off welfare rolls. A. Anomie B. A cycle of dependency C. Inertia D. A sense of entitlement

B. A cycle of dependency

A civil union is _____. A. A legally recognized union that provides the participants with certain state and federal rights and benefits B. A legally recognized union that offers similar state-provided legal rights and benefits provided by marriage C. A symbolic ceremony that affords no legal rights or benefits to the participants D. A legally recognized union that guarantees only select rights to same-sex couples

B. A legally recognized union that offers similar state-provided legal rights and benefits provided by marriage

_____ is marriage outside one's social group. A. Polygamy B. Exogamy C. Polyandry D. Endogamy

B. Exogamy

What factor contributed to the development of the ideal of the traditional family in post-World War II America? A. Higher education levels B. Government housing subsidies C. A decrease in real wages D. Increased job opportunities for women

B. Government housing subsidies

The Tobachnik family has one son and two daughters. The children are assigned chores around the house. The son mows the lawn and takes out the garbage. The daughters do laundry, help with house cleaning, and clean up after meals. This distribution of the chores is an example of what? A. The importance of teaching children to share household management duties B. How gender roles are learned at home C. The natural division of labor between boys and girls D. Children bearing part of the burden of the "second shift"

B. How gender roles are learned at home

Kinship networks are _____. A. Based on familial ties that are vertical (beanpole form) as opposed to horizontal (grapevine form) B. Strings of relationships between people related by blood and marriage C. Based on familial ties that are horizontal (grapevine form) as opposed to vertical (beanpole form) D. Families or groups that may not be related by blood or marriage but have formed strong bonds based on other factors

B. Strings of relationships between people related by blood and marriage

The nuclear family consists of _____. A. Parents or stepparents and their biological and stepchildren B. A single generation in a familial network C. A father and mother and their biological children D. No more than three generations of a family

C. A father and mother and their biological children

Which of the following is an example of a common imbalance studies have revealed about how domestic chores are shared between men and women? A. Kimya is primarily responsible for the children as well as meal preparation and cleaning during the week; Pablo takes on all those responsibilities on the weekends. B. Chandra does most of the meal planning and house cleaning; Shawn usually picks the kids up from school and oversees their homework time; together they pay the bills. C. Marta does most of the grocery shopping, cooking, and laundry; James mows the lawn, makes his famous chili on special occasions, and cleans out the garage twice a year. D. Amy does most of the laundry, housecleaning, and gardening; Lucas does most of the grocery shopping and cooking and usually walks and feeds the dogs.

C. Marta does most of the grocery shopping, cooking, and laundry; James mows the lawn, makes his famous chili on special occasions, and cleans out the garage twice a year.

How did the Industrial Revolution affect the division of labor between men and women? A. Men got jobs in factories while women formed small co-ops to produce and sell goods they could make by hand. B. Men and women were both able to obtain jobs in factories, but women were more limited in what they were permitted to do and were paid less than men. C. Men began to work outside the home for a wage, while women stayed at home to manage the household and raise children, and were not paid. D. Men got jobs in factories and made all the decisions about the running of the household, while women were relegated to child rearing.

C. Men began to work outside the home for a wage, while women stayed at home to manage the household and raise children, and were not paid.

How does the welfare system trap women who want to move off welfare rolls? A. The welfare bureaucracy is large and inefficient, and it often takes months for a person's request to move off welfare to be processed. B. A person must be on welfare for a minimum amount of time before qualifying for certain welfare-to-work programs. C. Most women face lower earnings and fewer benefits when they move from welfare to work. D. Little to no job training or assistance with finding jobs is provided to those who want to get off welfare.

C. Most women face lower earnings and fewer benefits when they move from welfare to work.

Andrew Cherlin's interview on the culture of marriage explains the difficulties for certain couples to stay together, particularly if they are faced with economic problems. If both spouses work, what additional responsibilities might women face that put a strain on marriage? A. Maintenance of kinship networks B. Sex roles C. The second shift D. A culture of opting out

C. The second shift

How did social scientists in the 1960s view the strong role held by women in many African American families? A. As the inevitable result of years of poverty and discrimination that stripped black families of their husbands and fathers B. As an anomaly that was the result of increased job opportunities for black women after World War II C. As a positive characteristic that ultimately would bring more balance to relationships and make African American families stronger D. As a negative characteristic that served to emasculate black men and ultimately increase social problems in African American communities

D. As a negative characteristic that served to emasculate black men and ultimately increase social problems in African American communities

The divorce rate in the United States _____. A. Has paralleled the rate of marriage. B. Peaked in the 1970s C. Increased dramatically since the 1950s D. Has been rising steadily since the nineteenth century

D. Has been rising steadily since the nineteenth century

Which of the following is an example of a cultural norm that affects how people choose a romantic or life partner? A. People do not generally find prospective partners in the work place. B. In most U.S. states, you must be 18 years old in order to get married without parental consent. C. People tend to date and marry people who are close to their age. D. In the United States, first cousins may not marry.

D. In the United States, first cousins may not marry.

In relation to working parents, the second shift can best be defined as _____. A. The varied domestic tasks that working men and women generally share in order to keep their household running smoothly B. A second job that one or both parents take in order to make ends meet or provide a little extra income C. The time a parent spends on child-rearing duties after getting home from work D. The varied domestic tasks that women generally take care of for their families in addition to whatever paid work they do outside the home

D. The varied domestic tasks that women generally take care of for their families in addition to whatever paid work they do outside the home

What is the general consensus among sociologists about the effects of divorce in children? A. Divorce almost always damages children's self-esteem and negatively impacts their ability to form fulfilling relationships as adults. B. Children of divorced parents are not worse off than other children in terms of educational performance, job attainment, and successful marriage. C. Children whose parents divorce are better off than children whose parents stay together but manifest a great deal of conflict in the household. D. There is no consensus amongst sociologists; study findings vary widely.

D. There is no consensus amongst sociologists; study findings vary widely.