Zoheed 10a - Sexual Reproduction and meiosis

Meiosis and mitosis are both processes that involve nuclear division. What is the difference between the two? A. Mitosis is nuclear division, which ultimately leads to haploid gametes. Meiosis is nuclear division, which ultimately leads to diploid somatic cells. B. Mitosis is nuclear division, which ultimately leads to diploid somatic cells. Meiosis is nuclear division, which ultimately leads to haploid gametes. C. Mitosis is nuclear division, which ultimately leads to diploid gametes. Meiosis is nuclear division, which ultimately leads to haploid somatic cells. D.Mitosis is nuclear division, which ultimately leads to syngamy. Meiosis is nuclear division, which ultimately leads to zygotes.

B.Mitosis is nuclear division, which ultimately leads to diploid somatic cells. Meiosis is nuclear division, which ultimately leads to haploid gametes.

Unlike meiosis I, there is no doubling of ______ before the start of meiosis II. A. zygotes B. chiasma C. DNA D. cells

DNA

One of the most likely explanations for the evolutionary origin of sexual reproduction is that A. organisms could then move onto land. B. DNA replication errors could be corrected by recombination. C. more and larger offspring could be produced. D. haploid cells require less energy and raw materials.

DNA replication errors could be corrected by recombination.

______ cells such as gametes contain one set of chromosomes. A. Muscle B. Somatic C. Diploid D. Haploid

Haploid

Which of the following is an explanation for independent assortment, a factor in producing genetic variability? A. In anaphase I, where how one pair separates does not affect how any other pair separates. B. Chromosomes are divided into daughter cells in a random fashion. C. In prophase I, which chromosomes pairs with which other one is completely random. D. Each chromosome is capable of a different function. E. Chromosomes can have different functions in various types of cells of the same organism.

In anaphase I, where how one pair separates does not affect how any other pair separates.

_______ is a process of nuclear division in which the number of chromosomes in certain cells is halved during gamete formation. A. Mitosis B. Meiosis C. Spermatogenesis D. Glycolysis

Meiosis

The synaptonemal complex develops early in meiosis. It is A. a cluster of chromatids at the end of the cell. B. a framework of microtubules that organize chromatids. C. a lattice of proteins that holds homologues together. D. a set of two homologues lined side by side. E. the wound up regions of DNA molecules.

a lattice of proteins that holds homologues together

The four haploid cells resulting from meiosis may further divide by mitosis in all of the following organisms except? A. plants B. fungi C. many protists D. animals

animals

The point of connection between the two sister chromatids before anaphase of mitosis separates them is called the A. homologue. B. kinetochore. C. centromere. D. microtubule complex. E. synapsis.

centromere.

Evidence of crossing over can often be seen under the light microscope as a structure known as a _______. A. chromosome B. centromere C. chiasma D. histone

chiasma

Sexual reproduction and the close association between homologous chromosomes that occurs during meiosis probably evolved as a mechanism to repair _________ damage. A. chromosomal B. mitotic C. cell D. membrane

chromosomal

Chromosomes exchange genetic information by A. fertilization. B. mitosis. C. syngamy. D. DNA replication. E. crossing over.

crossing over.

Sexual reproduction is significant in increasing genetic _____. A. similarity B. diversity C. robustness D. connections

diversity

All of the following animal cells are diploid except A. gametic. B. muscles. C. nerves. D. skin. E. reproductive organ.

gametic.

In animals, the cells that will eventually undergo meiosis to produce gametes are set aside early in the development. These are A. haploid cells. B. germline cells. C. sex cells. D. zygotes. E. sperm and egg cells.

germline cells.

In one of the first steps in meiosis, the A. clearly defined spindle apparatus appears in the center of the cell. B. chromatids separate and move to opposite ends of the cell. C. half chromosomes are made inactive. D. homologous pairs of chromosomes pair up along their length. E. chromosomes become invisible.

homologous pairs of chromosomes pair up along their length.

Organisms that undertake sexual reproduction alternate between ______ and fertilization. A. mitosis B. meiosis C. spermatogenesis D. growth

meiosis

The reduction division that separates two haploid complements from each other is called A. mitosis. B. meiosis. C. syngamy. D. haploid division. E. binary fission.

meiosis.

After fertilization, the resulting zygote develops by which of the following processes? A. mitosis B. meiosis C. syngamy D. synapsis E. reduction division

mitosis

Which of the following produces identical cells? A. meiosis B. mitosis C. gamete formation D. syngamy E. fertilization

mitosis

Sexual reproduction increases genetic variability through all of the following except A. crossing over in prophase I of meiosis. B. independent assortment in meiosis. C. fertilization. D. mitosis.

mitosis.

Between the two divisions of meiosis there is A. a full cell cycle. B. a pairing of homologues. C. replication of some parts of the chromosomes. D. no S phase. E. random combination among chromatids.

no S phase

At the end of telophase II of meiosis, each of the four resulting cells contains A. one full set of chromosomes, each with two chromatids. B. two full sets of chromosomes, each with two chromatids. C. one full set of chromosomes, each a single chromatid. D. two full sets of chromosomes, each a single chromatid. E. a different number of chromosomes.

one full set of chromosomes, each a single chromatid.

Crossing over of chromosomes takes place in A. prophase II. B. prophase I. C. interphase II. D. interphase I. E. metaphase II.

prophase I.

The two homologous chromosomes pair along their length early in the first nuclear division. During this physical joining genetic exchange occurs between them in a process called ________. A. fusion B. mitosis C. meiosis D. recombination

recombination or crossing over

The pairing of chromosomes along their lengths which is essential for crossing over is referred to as A. syngamy. B. synapsis. C. prophase. D. recombination. E. centromere.

synapsis.

The fusion of male gamete cells with female gamete cells is called A. syngamy. B. meiosis. C. mitosis. D. recombination. E. synapsis.

syngamy.

Diploid organisms use meiosis for the development of gametes. Meiosis consists of how many rounds of nuclear division? A. one B. two C. three D. four E. none of these

two

The zygote has A. one copy of each chromosome. B. one full haploid complement of chromosomes. C. chromosomes identical to those of a sperm cell. D. chromosomes identical to those of an egg cell. E. two copies of each chromosome.

two copies of each chromosome.

P. J. van Beneden proposed that an egg and a sperm, each containing half the complement of chromosomes found in somatic cells, fuse to produce a single cell called a(n) ______. A. zygote B. karyotype C. embryo D. oocyte

zygote

The cell produced by the fusion of an egg and a sperm is the A. gamete. B. haploid. C. zygote. D. germ line cell. E. somatic cell.

zygote