01 02 00 GR - Cells
TRANSPORT 66) A passive process that allows passage of small inorganic ions and molecules, gases, and lipid-soluble materials in all cell types is called diffusion.
66) A passive process that allows passage of small inorganic ions and molecules, gases, and lipid-soluble materials in all cell types is called diffusion.
TRANSPORT 67) A passive process that involves the movement of water (solvent) molecules toward solute concentrations across a membrane is called facilitated diffusion.
67) A passive process that involves the movement of water (solvent) molecules toward solute concentrations across a membrane is called facilitated diffusion.
TRANSPORT 68) A passive process wherein carrier molecules transport materials down concentration gradients across a membrane is called osmosis.
68) A passive process wherein carrier molecules transport materials down concentration gradients across a membrane is called osmosis.
TRANSPORT 69) Endocytosis is an energy-requiring process where vesicles are packaged with extracellular material for importation into the cell.
69) Endocytosis is an energy-requiring process where vesicles are packaged with extracellular material for importation into the cell.
TRANSPORT 70) Active transport is an energy-requiring process whereby ions and possibly other materials are moved across a membrane by carrier proteins, which work despite an opposing concentration gradient.
70) Active transport is an energy-requiring process whereby ions and possibly other materials are moved across a membrane by carrier proteins, which work despite an opposing concentration gradient.
ORGANELLES 71) Vesicles that contain oxidases and catalase are called peroxisomes.
71) Vesicles that contain oxidases and catalase are called peroxisomes.
ORGANELLES 72) The endoplasmic reticulum is the organelle responsible for the synthesis of secretory products and provides for intracellular storage and transport.
72) The endoplasmic reticulum is the organelle responsible for the synthesis of secretory products and provides for intracellular storage and transport.
ORGANELLES 73) As the Golgi apparatus loses membrane through generation of vesicles at the cis face, it gains membrane by the fusion of transport vesicles at the trans face.
73) As the Golgi apparatus loses membrane through generation of vesicles at the cis face, it gains membrane by the fusion of transport vesicles at the trans face.
ORGANELLES 74) The mitochondrion is enclosed by a double membrane with numerous folds, or cristae, in the inner membrane, the fluid matrix of these organelles contains important metabolic enzymes.
74) The mitochondrion is enclosed by a double membrane with numerous folds, or cristae, in the inner membrane, the fluid matrix of these organelles contains important metabolic enzymes.
PLASMALEMMA 36) Dissolved ions and water-soluble compounds cannot cross the ________ portion of a plasmalemma. A) integral protein B) carbohydrate C) peripheral protein D) glycocalyx E) lipid
?? E) lipid B) carbohydrate A) integral protein B) carbohydrate C) peripheral protein D) glycocalyx E) lipid
DIAGRAM 3.1 78) What is the anatomical term for Label F? A) Centriole B) Chromatin C) Secretory vesicle D) Mitochondria E) Nucleolus
A) Centriole B) Chromatin C) Secretory vesicle D) Mitochondria E) Nucleolus
DIAGRAM 3.1 75) What is the anatomical term for Label A? A) Centrosome B) Mitochondria C) Cytoskeleton D) Microvilli E) Secretory vesicles
A) Centrosome B) Mitochondria C) Cytoskeleton D) Microvilli E) Secretory vesicles
DIAGRAM 3.1 83) What is the anatomical term for Label M? A) Cytoplasm B) Rough ER C) Fixed ribosomes D) Peroxisomes E) Free ribosomes
A) Cytoplasm B) Rough ER C) Fixed ribosomes D) Peroxisomes E) Free ribosomes
DIAGRAM 3.1 81) What is the anatomical term for Label K? A) Cytoskeleton B) Nucleoplasm C) Cytoplasm D) Centrosome E) Cytosol
A) Cytoskeleton B) Nucleoplasm C) Cytoplasm D) Centrosome E) Cytosol
DIAGRAM 3.1 87) What is the anatomical term for Label T? A) Cytoskeleton B) Rough ER C) Golgi apparatus D) Cristae E) Smooth ER
A) Cytoskeleton B) Rough ER C) Golgi apparatus D) Cristae E) Smooth ER
MITOSIS / MEIOSIS 62) The process that involves the phases prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase is called ________. A) DNA replication B) cytokinesis C) mitosis D) reproduction E) interphase
A) DNA replication B) cytokinesis C) mitosis D) reproduction E) interphase
DIAGRAM 3.1 86) What is the anatomical term for Label S? A) Lysosome B) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum C) Mitochondrion D) Peroxisome E) Cisternae
A) Lysosome B) Smooth endoplasmic reticulum C) Mitochondrion D) Peroxisome E) Cisternae
ORGANELLES 46) ________ are slender protein strands, usually composed of the protein actin. A) Microtubules B) Thick filaments C) Microfilaments D) Myosin filaments E) Neurofilaments
A) Microtubules B) Thick filaments C) Microfilaments D) Myosin filaments E) Neurofilaments
DIAGRAM 3.1 82) What is the anatomical term for Label L? A) Microvilli B) Plasmalemma C) Cytoplasm D) Cytosol E) Nuclear envelope
A) Microvilli B) Plasmalemma C) Cytoplasm D) Cytosol E) Nuclear envelope
DIAGRAM 3.1 80) What is the anatomical term for Label I? A) Nuclear pore B) Nuclear envelope C) Nucleolus D) Plasmalemma E) Chromatin
A) Nuclear pore B) Nuclear envelope C) Nucleolus D) Plasmalemma E) Chromatin
DIAGRAM 3.1 79) What is the anatomical term for Label G? A) Nucleoplasm B) Centrosome C) Cytoskeleton D) Chromatin E) Centriole
A) Nucleoplasm B) Centrosome C) Cytoskeleton D) Chromatin E) Centriole
DIAGRAM 3.1 76) What is the anatomical term for Label C? A) Nucleoplasm B) Cytosol C) Centriole D) Free ribosomes E) Cytoskeleton
A) Nucleoplasm B) Cytosol C) Centriole D) Free ribosomes E) Cytoskeleton
DIAGRAM 3.1 77) What is the anatomical term for Label D? A) Nucleosome B) Fixed ribosome C) Peroxisome D) Centrosome E) Lysosome
A) Nucleosome B) Fixed ribosome C) Peroxisome D) Centrosome E) Lysosome
ORGANELLES 56) ________ are organelles filled with digestive enzymes, which function in the intracellular removal of pathogens and damaged organelles. A) Peroxisomes B) Rough endoplasmic reticulum C) Centrosomes D) Lysosomes E) Mitochondria
A) Peroxisomes B) Rough endoplasmic reticulum C) Centrosomes D) Lysosomes E) Mitochondria
DIAGRAM 3.1 84) What is the anatomical term for Label O? A) Rough endoplasmic reticulum B) Golgi apparatus C) Nucleus D) Mitochondrion E) Cristae
A) Rough endoplasmic reticulum B) Golgi apparatus C) Nucleus D) Mitochondrion E) Cristae
DIAGRAM 3.1 85) What is the anatomical term for Label Q? A) Rough endoplasmic reticulum B) Nuclear envelope C) Nucleoplasm D) Nuclear matrix E) Nuclear pores
A) Rough endoplasmic reticulum B) Nuclear envelope C) Nucleoplasm D) Nuclear matrix E) Nuclear pores
MITOSIS / MIOSIS 65) In cells preparing for division, the phase of the life cycle that is most variable in length is the ________ of interphase. A) S phase B) G1 phase C) G0 phase D) G2 phase E) All of the answers are correct.
A) S phase B) G1 phase C) G0 phase D) G2 phase E) All of the answers are correct.
ORGANELLES 12) Why are microtubules considered among the non-membranous organelles? A) They do not have their own enclosed membrane. B) They are associated with the plasmalemma. C) They are aggregated into bundles. D) They are composed primarily of the protein actin. E) They are comprised chiefly of the protein tubulin.
A) They do not have their own enclosed membrane. A) They do not have their own enclosed membrane. B) They are associated with the plasmalemma. C) They are aggregated into bundles. D) They are composed primarily of the protein actin. E) They are comprised chiefly of the protein tubulin.
MITOSIS / MEIOSIS 63) During ________, the centromere of each chromatid pair separates and the daughter chromosomes are pulled toward opposite ends of the cell, along the chromosomal microtubules. A) anaphase B) telophase C) interphase D) prophase E) metaphase
A) anaphase B) telophase C) interphase D) prophase E) metaphase
JUNCTIONS 58) At structures called ________, two cells are held together by membrane proteins that function as a narrow passageway, allowing ions, small metabolites, and regulatory molecules to pass from cell to cell. A) anchoring junctions B) CAMs C) focal adhesions D) zonula adherens E) communication junctions
A) anchoring junctions B) CAMs C) focal adhesions D) zonula adherens E) communication junctions
CYTOSOL 45) The cytosol contains a high concentration of ________ ions, while the extracellular fluid usually contains a high concentration of ________ ions. A) calcium, magnesium B) potassium, sodium C) magnesium, calcium D) sodium, potassium E) hydrogen, chloride
A) calcium, magnesium B) potassium, sodium C) magnesium, calcium D) sodium, potassium E) hydrogen, chloride
JUNCTIONS 23) Communicating junctions are found in high quantities in the ________. A) heart B) brain C) lungs D) eyes E) bones
A) heart (and smooth muscle) A) heart B) brain C) lungs D) eyes E) bones
CYTOSOL / INTRACELLULAR FLUID 11) Which of the following is another name for cytosol? A) intracellular fluid B) gelatin C) interstitial fluid D) extracellular fluid E) cytoplasm
A) intracellular fluid Intracellular Fluid (Cytosol) Interstitial Fluid Extracellular Fluid A) intracellular fluid B) gelatin C) interstitial fluid D) extracellular fluid E) cytoplasm
JUNCTIONS 59) A/an ________ is a sheet like anchoring junction that serves to stabilize the lateral surfaces of adjacent epithelial cells. A) nexus B) macula adherens C) CAM D) zonula adherens E) adhering junction
A) nexus B) macula adherens C) CAM D) zonula adherens E) adhering junction
ORGANELLES 55) The continual movement and exchange of vesicles to and from the plasmalemma is called ________. A) osmosis B) active transport C) membrane flow D) facilitated diffusion E) exocytosis
A) osmosis B) active transport C) membrane flow D) facilitated diffusion E) exocytosis
ORGANELLES 57) Peroxisomes function in the ________. A) production of ATP required by the cell B) absorption and breakdown (catabolism) of fatty acids C) movement of materials over the cell surface D) control of metabolism E) synthesis of secretory products
A) production of ATP required by the cell B) absorption and breakdown (catabolism) of fatty acids C) movement of materials over the cell surface D) control of metabolism E) synthesis of secretory products
MITOSIS / MEIOSIS 64) Somatic cells spend the majority of their functional lives in ________. A) prophase B) metastasis C) interphase D) DNA replication E) anaphase
A) prophase B) metastasis C) interphase D) DNA replication E) anaphase
ORGANELLES 16) Which cellular operation occurs in the smooth endoplasmic reticulum? A) regulation of protein synthesis B) synthesis of RNA C) DNA replication leading to cell division D) manufacture of carbohydrates and lipids E) synthesis of ribosomes via nucleoli
A) regulation of protein synthesis A) regulation of protein synthesis B) synthesis of RNA C) DNA replication leading to cell division D) manufacture of carbohydrates and lipids E) synthesis of ribosomes via nucleoli
MITOSIS / MEIOSIS 34) In osmosis, the substance(s) moved across a selectively permeable membrane is/are ________. A) water B) extracellular fluid and its associated solutes C) gases, small inorganic ions and molecules D) glucose and amino acids E) fluid and cellular wastes
A) water A) water B) extracellular fluid and its associated solutes C) gases, small inorganic ions and molecules D) glucose and amino acids E) fluid and cellular wastes
MITOSIS / MEIOSIS 29) Which sequence correctly traces the steps of DNA replication during the S phase? (1) Weak bonds between nitrogenous bases of the DNA are disrupted. (2) DNA strands unwind. (3) DNA polymerase binds to exposed nitrogenous bases. (4) Ligases link together short complementary chains of nucleotides. (5) Nitrogenous bases of the DNA strand attract complementary nucleotides. A) 1, 2, 3, 4, 5 B) 1, 2, 3, 5, 4 C) 5, 4, 3, 2, 1 D) 1, 3, 5, 2, 4 E) 4, 2, 3, 1, 5
B) 1, 2, 3, 5, 4 (1) Weak bonds between nitrogenous bases of the DNA are disrupted. (2) DNA strands unwind. (3) DNA polymerase binds to exposed nitrogenous bases. (5) Nitrogenous bases of the DNA strand attract complementary nucleotides. (4) Ligases link together short complementary chains of nucleotides.
MITOSIS / MEIOSIS 27) Which of the following processes occurs during interphase? A) Chromatid pairs separate. B) Chromatin condenses into chromosomes. C) DNA replicates. D) A cleavage furrow forms. E) The mitotic spindle forms.
B) Chromatin condenses into chromosomes. A) Chromatid pairs separate. B) Chromatin condenses into chromosomes. C) DNA replicates. D) A cleavage furrow forms. E) The mitotic spindle forms.
PLASMALEMMA 20) Renewal or modification of the plasmalemma is the major function of which organelle? A) lysosomes B) Golgi apparatus C) peroxisomes D) mitochondria E) cytoskeleton
B) Golgi apparatus A) lysosomes B) Golgi apparatus C) peroxisomes D) mitochondria E) cytoskeleton
CYTOSOL 9) Which of the following statements accurately describes cytosol? A) The term encompasses all material inside the cell. B) It is the fluid content inside the cell. C) It contains much less protein than the extracellular fluid. D) It contains large amounts of carbohydrates. E) It is composed of the intracellular structures known as organelles.
B) It is the fluid content inside the cell. A) The term encompasses all material inside the cell. CYTOPLASM EXCEPT THE NUCLEUS B) It is the fluid content inside the cell. CYTOSOL C) It contains much less protein than the extracellular fluid. D) It contains large amounts of carbohydrates. E) It is composed of the intracellular structures known as organelles.
MITOSIS / MEIOSIS 26) Which of the following events occur during metaphase? A) Centromeres move along the chromosomal microtubules to a narrow central zone. B) Microtubules form the spindle apparatus. C) Daughter chromosomes move toward the opposite ends of the cell. D) Centrioles move apart. E) All of the answers are correct.
B) Microtubules form the spindle apparatus. A) Centromeres move along the chromosomal microtubules to a narrow central zone. B) Microtubules form the spindle apparatus. C) Daughter chromosomes move toward the opposite ends of the cell. D) Centrioles move apart. E) All of the answers are correct.
ORGANELLES 31) ________ increase surface area to facilitate absorption of extracellular materials. A) Cilia B) Microvilli C) Flagella D) Centrioles E) Mitochondria
B) Microvilli A) Cilia - respiratory tract to trap particles B) Microvilli - small intestines that increase absorbtion C) Flagella movement of sperm D) Centrioles E) Mitochondria
NUCLEUS 15) In the nucleus, what is the special protein to which DNA strands are bound? A) tubulin B) histone C) cytokeratin D) actin E) myosin
B) histone A) tubulin B) histone C) cytokeratin D) actin MUSCLE THIN FILAMENT E) myosin MUSCLE THICK FILAMENT
ORGANELLES 18) Which of the following is a vesicle that contains enzymes? A) ribosome B) lysosome C) nucleosome D) chromosome E) hyaluronan
B) lysosome A) ribosome B) lysosome ENZYMES C) nucleosome D) chromosome E) hyaluronan
ORGANELLES 35) "Little organs" inside a cell that have specialized functions are called ________. A) glycocalyx B) organelles C) microvillus D) intracellular fluids E) microfilaments
B) organelles A) glycocalyx B) organelles C) microvillus D) intracellular fluids E) microfilaments
MEMBRANE TRANSPORT 6) What is the term for the movement of water across a selectively permeable membrane from a low solute concentration to a high solute concentration? A) facilitated diffusion B) osmosis C) filtration D) active transport E) None of the answers are correct.
B) osmosis A) facilitated diffusion B) osmosis C) filtration D) active transport E) None of the answers are correct.
MEMBRANE TRANSPORT 2) An active process for transporting fluid across a plasmalemma is ________. A) phagocytosis B) pinocytosis C) bulk flow D) exchange pumps E) None of the answers are correct.
B) pinocytosis - engulfing inside fluids A) phagocytosis - solids B) pinocytosis - engulfing inside fluids C) bulk flow - free exchange of nutrients D) exchange pumps - E) None of the answers are correct.
MITOSIS / MEIOSIS 25) Cytokinesis ________. A) usually begins after telophase B) separates the daughter cells after mitosis C) is the last phase of mitosis D) initiates the process of mitosis E) All of the answers are correct.
B) separates the daughter cells after mitosis A) usually begins after telophase B) separates the daughter cells after mitosis C) is the last phase of mitosis D) initiates the process of mitosis E) All of the answers are correct.
CYTOSOL / INTRACELLULAR FLUID 10) ________ are common inclusions in the cytosol of fat cells. A) Glycogen granules B) Suspended proteins C) Lipid droplets D) Dissolved proteins E) Metabolic enzymes
C) Lipid droplets A) Glycogen granules B) Suspended proteins C) Lipid droplets D) Dissolved proteins E) Metabolic enzymes
PLASMALEMMA 38) ________ help stabilize the plasmalemma and maintain its fluidity. A) Sterols B) Carbohydrates C) Phospholipids D) Glycolipids E) Peripheral proteins
C) Phospholipids A) Sterols B) Carbohydrates C) Phospholipids D) Glycolipids E) Peripheral proteins
MEMBRANE TRANSPORT 4) How does oxygen pass through the plasmalemma? A) across the membrane's lipid portion B) through membrane channels C) always by passive processes D) always by active transport E) both through membrane channels and always by passive processes
C) always by passive processes - Diffusion A) across the membrane's lipid portion B) through membrane channels C) always by passive processes D) always by active transport E) both through membrane channels and always by passive processes
CELL THEORY 30) The cell theory states that ________. A) cells are produced by the division of newly synthesized cells B) cells are the largest structural units of life C) cells are structural "building blocks" D) cells perform limited, nonessential functions E) All of the statements are correct
C) cells are structural "building blocks" A) cells are produced by the division of newly synthesized cells B) cells are the largest structural units of life SMALLEST C) cells are structural "building blocks" TRUE D) cells perform limited, nonessential functions ESSENTIAL E) All of the statements are correct
NUCLEUS 17) The nucleus of a cell ________. A) is completely enclosed with no way in or out B) contains only the DNA C) is surrounded by a double membrane D) it contains large proteins that form the chromosomes and are the genetic material for the cell E) has all of the above attributes
C) is surrounded by a double membrane A) is completely enclosed with no way in or out B) contains only the DNA C) is surrounded by a double membrane D) it contains large proteins that form the chromosomes and are the genetic material for the cell E) has all of the above attributes
PLASMALEMMA 33) The membrane of a cell is composed of a(n) ________ bilayer. A) endoplasmic B) cytoskeleton C) phospholipid D) steroid E) glycolipid
C) phospholipid A) endoplasmic B) cytoskeleton C) phospholipid D) steroid E) glycolipid
ORGANELLES 14) If a cell lacked centrioles, it would be unable to ________. A) direct the movement of chromosomes during cell division B) move through the surrounding fluid C) replicate its own DNA D) manufacture proteins E) move fluids or solutes across the plasmalemma
C) replicate its own DNA A) direct the movement of chromosomes during cell division B) move through the surrounding fluid C) replicate its own DNA D) manufacture proteins E) move fluids or solutes across the plasmalemma
ORGANELLES 19) Manufactured proteins from the rough endoplasmic reticulum are delivered to the Golgi apparatus by ________. A) cisternae B) bulk transport C) transport vesicles D) ribosomal RNA E) None of the answers are correct.
C) transport vesicles A) cisternae PITA POCKET FOLDS B) bulk transport C) transport vesicles D) ribosomal RNA E) None of the answers are correct.
MEMBRANE TRANSPORT 3) Iron ions and cholesterol are brought into the cell by the process of ________. A) pinocytosis B) phagocytosis C) receptor-mediated pinocytosis D) bulk transport E) None of the answers are correct.
D) bulk transport? A) pinocytosis - fluid B) phagocytosis - solid C) receptor-mediated pinocytosis D) bulk transport E) None of the answers are correct.
TRANSPORT 41) A passive process that involves movement of substances from an area of higher concentration to an area of lower concentration is called ________. A) osmosis B) pinocytosis C) exocytosis D) diffusion E) phagocytosis
D) diffusion A) osmosis B) pinocytosis C) exocytosis D) diffusion E) phagocytosis
PLASMALEMMA 37) Channels in the plasmalemma that can open or close to regulate the passage of water, small ions, and water-soluble molecules are called ________ channels. A) hydrophobic B) solute C) diffusion D) gated E) osmotic
D) gated A) hydrophobic B) solute C) diffusion D) gated E) osmotic
PLASMALEMMA 32) Peripheral proteins are attached to the surface of the plasmalemma, while ________ are embedded within the membrane. A) histone proteins B) lysosomal proteins C) transport vesicles D) integral proteins E) peroxisomal proteins
D) integral proteins A) histone proteins B) lysosomal proteins C) transport vesicles D) integral proteins E) peroxisomal proteins
ORGANELLES 13) Thick filaments ________. A) form intermediate filaments to stabilize organelle position B) are stable structures that do not change once formed C) are called neurofilaments in neurons D) interact with actin to produce contractions E) form the spindle apparatus during cell division
D) interact with actin to produce contractions A) form intermediate filaments to stabilize organelle position B) are stable structures that do not change once formed C) are called neurofilaments in neurons D) interact with actin to produce contractions E) form the spindle apparatus during cell division
PLASMALEMMA 39) Small, finger-shaped projections of the plasmalemma are termed ________. A) flagella B) centrioles C) thick filaments D) microvilli E) cilia
D) microvilli A) flagella B) centrioles C) thick filaments D) microvilli E) cilia
ORGANELLES 22) Which of the following synthesizes the components of ribosomes? A) nuclear envelope B) nuclear pore C) nucleoplasm D) nucleosome E) nucleolus
D) nucleosome A) nuclear envelope B) nuclear pore C) nucleoplasm D) nucleosome E) nucleolus
MITOSIS / MEIOSIS 24) In correct order from beginning to end, cells undergoing mitosis pass through ________. A) anaphase, prophase, interphase, and telophase B) metaphase, prophase, telophase, and anaphase C) interphase, telophase, metaphase, and prophase D) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase E) telophase, anaphase, metaphase, and prophase
D) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase A) anaphase, prophase, interphase, and telophase B) metaphase, prophase, telophase, and anaphase C) interphase, telophase, metaphase, and prophase D) prophase, metaphase, anaphase, and telophase E) telophase, anaphase, metaphase, and prophase
MEMBRANE TRANSPORT 7) Which cations are exchanged by carrier proteins of exchange pumps in the active transport process? A) calcium and sodium B) chloride and bicarbonate C) sodium and chloride D) sodium and potassium E) magnesium and chloride
D) sodium and potassium third importance is calcium ions A) calcium and sodium B) chloride and bicarbonate C) sodium and chloride D) sodium and potassium E) magnesium and chloride
EXTRACELLULAR / INTERSTITIAL FLUID 8) The extracellular fluid contains high amounts of ________. A) potassium ions B) dissolved and suspended proteins C) amino acids D) sodium ions E) lipids
D) sodium ions Because it is active transport against the gradient Sodium is higher outside Potassium is higher inside A) potassium ions INTRACELLULAR B) dissolved and suspended proteins C) amino acids D) sodium ions EXTRACELLULAR E) lipids
MITOSIS / MEIOSIS 28) Which of the following is true of cell division? A) Its importance diminishes after an individual grows to maturity. B) It requires accurate duplication (replication) of the genetic material. C) Each dividing somatic cell produces four daughter cells at the end of cell division. D) Mitosis is the distinct process for producing gametes. E) Protein synthesis in preparation for division occurs during the S phase of interphase.
E) Protein synthesis in preparation for division occurs during the S phase of interphase. A) Its importance diminishes after an individual grows to maturity. B) It requires accurate duplication (replication) of the genetic material. C) Each dividing somatic cell produces four daughter cells at the end of cell division. D) Mitosis is the distinct process for producing gametes. E) Protein synthesis in preparation for division occurs during the S phase of interphase.
MEMBRANE TRANSPORT 5) Processes involved in the movement of substances across a membrane at the expense of ATP, via exchange pumps, are classified as ________. A) osmosis B) diffusion C) filtration D) facilitated diffusion E) active transport
E) active transport A) osmosis B) diffusion C) filtration D) facilitated diffusion E) active transport
MEMBRANE TRANSPORT 1) Which of the following is a passive process for material movement across a plasmalemma? A) receptor-mediated endocytosis B) phagocytosis C) exocytosis D) active transport E) facilitated diffusion
E) facilitated diffusion Two main types of Passive Process - Diffusion and Filtration A) receptor-mediated endocytosis B) phagocytosis C) exocytosis D) active transport E) facilitated diffusion
ORGANELLES 21) Which organelle determines the structural and functional characteristics of the cell by controlling RNA and protein synthesis, determining what proteins are synthesized, and in what amounts? A) endoplasmic reticulum B) Golgi apparatus C) ribosomes D) mitochondria E) nucleus
E) nucleus A) endoplasmic reticulum B) Golgi apparatus C) ribosomes D) mitochondria E) nucleus
ORGANELLES 48) ________ provide strength, stabilize the position of organelles, and transport materials within the cytoplasm, they are defined by their size rather than composition, which varies from cell to cell. A) Cilia B) Thick filaments C) Microfilaments D) Tubulin filaments E) Intermediate filaments
d A) Cilia B) Thick filaments C) Microfilaments D) Tubulin filaments E) Intermediate filaments
TRANSPORT 40) ________ is/are the substance(s) involved in facilitated diffusion. A) Only water B) Glucose and amino acids C) Lipid-soluble materials D) Small organic ions and molecules E) Extracellular fluid
d A) Only water B) Glucose and amino acids C) Lipid-soluble materials D) Small organic ions and molecules E) Extracellular fluid
ORGANELLES 50) ________ are organelles that contain an unusual double-layered membrane, and functions in producing most of the ATP in the body. A) Ribosomes B) Microvilli C) Lysosomes D) Mitochondria E) Endoplasmic reticulum
d A) Ribosomes B) Microvilli C) Lysosomes D) Mitochondria E) Endoplasmic reticulum
NUCLEUS 52) At intervals, the DNA wind around special proteins, forming a complex called ________ this complex may also coil around other special proteins. A) chromosome B) histone C) nuclear matrix D) chromatin E) nucleosome
d A) chromosome B) histone C) nuclear matrix D) chromatin E) nucleosome
ORGANELLES 47) Microtubules, thick filaments, intermediate filaments, and microfilaments are all part of the cell's ________. A) endoplasmic reticulum B) plasmalemma C) cytoskeleton D) Golgi apparatus E) centrosome
d A) endoplasmic reticulum B) plasmalemma C) cytoskeleton D) Golgi apparatus E) centrosome
TRANSPORT 42) A transport process that produces cytoplasmic vesicles filled with extracellular fluid is called ________. A) exocytosis B) active transport C) osmosis D) receptor-mediated endocytosis E) pinocytosis
d A) exocytosis B) active transport C) osmosis D) receptor-mediated endocytosis E) pinocytosis
ORGANELLES 43) Factors affecting the rate of phagocytosis include the presence and abundance of ________. A) extracellular pathogens or debris B) receptors on the plasmalemma C) calcium ions and ATP D) target molecules E) carrier proteins, solutes, and ATP
d A) extracellular pathogens or debris B) receptors on the plasmalemma C) calcium ions and ATP D) target molecules E) carrier proteins, solutes, and ATP
ORGANELLES 49) A ________ moves a cell through the surrounding fluid, rather than moving the fluid past a stationary cell. A) flagellum B) centriole C) neurofilament D) cilium E) thick filament
d A) flagellum B) centriole C) neurofilament D) cilium E) thick filament
CYTOSOL 44) Compared with extracellular fluid, a sample of cytosol has ________. A) high quantities of carbohydrate B) a high concentration of sodium ions C) a relatively high concentration of dissolved or suspended proteins D) low reserves of amino acids and lipids E) a relatively low concentration of potassium ions
d A) high quantities of carbohydrate B) a high concentration of sodium ions C) a relatively high concentration of dissolved or suspended proteins D) low reserves of amino acids and lipids E) a relatively low concentration of potassium ions
ORGANELLES 54) The ________ is the organelle that synthesizes the components of ribosomes. A) nucleolus B) centrosome C) Golgi apparatus D) nucleosome E) endoplasmic reticulum
d A) nucleolus B) centrosome C) Golgi apparatus D) nucleosome E) endoplasmic reticulum
NUCLEUS 51) Chemical communication between the nucleus and the cytosol occurs through (the) ________. A) perinuclear space B) nuclear pores C) histones D) nuclear matrix E) nucleosomes
d A) perinuclear space B) nuclear pores C) histones D) nuclear matrix E) nucleosomes
ORGANELLES 53) A major function of the Golgi apparatus is ________. A) the synthesis and packaging of secretions, such as mucins or enzymes B) the renewal or modification of the nuclear envelope C) packaging of lipids for use in lysosomes D) detoxification and neutralization of cellular toxins E) degradation of bacteria and organic debris
d A) the synthesis and packaging of secretions, such as mucins or enzymes B) the renewal or modification of the nuclear envelope C) packaging of lipids for use in lysosomes D) detoxification and neutralization of cellular toxins E) degradation of bacteria and organic debris
PLASMALEMMA 60) Large areas of opposing plasmalemma may be interconnected by transmembrane proteins called ________, which bind to each other and to other extracellular materials. A) cytokeratins B) hemidesmosomes C) connexons D) cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) E) nexuses
s A) cytokeratins B) hemidesmosomes C) connexons D) cell adhesion molecules (CAMs) E) nexuses
JUNCTIONS 61) Hemi-desmosomes are found ________. A) in epithelial tissue that is undergoing wound repair B) in epithelial tissues subjected to a significant amount of abrasion and shearing forces C) among epithelial cells where they help coordinate functions such as the beating of cilia D) in abundance in cardiac muscle and smooth muscle E) in epithelial tissues where they are essential to the coordination of muscle cell contractions
s A) in epithelial tissue that is undergoing wound repair B) in epithelial tissues subjected to a significant amount of abrasion and shearing forces C) among epithelial cells where they help coordinate functions such as the beating of cilia D) in abundance in cardiac muscle and smooth muscle E) in epithelial tissues where they are essential to the coordination of muscle cell contractions