0511 An Advanced Review of Speech-Language Pathology, 5th Edition: Practice Examinations Question of the Day Study Set

Which of the following is not considered to be a communication disorder associated with traumatic brain injuries? A. Dysarthria B. Dysphagia C. Reading and writing deficits D. Auditory comprehension deficits

B. Dysphagia

Which type of laryngectomy physically separates the gastrointestinal tract from the respiratory tract? A. Partial laryngectomy B. Total laryngectomy C. Horizontal laryngectomy D. Subglottic laryngectomy

B. Total laryngectomy

For some persons who stutter, disfluencies tend to occur in clusters more often than would be expected by chance. This phenomenon is called the: A. consistency effect B. probability effect C. adjacency effect D. certainty effect

C. adjacency effect

The reticular formation is associated with respiration and maintenance of blood pressure. It is housed in the: A. Cerebrum B. Cerebellum C. Somatosensory cortex D. Brainstem

D. Brainstem

Justin is a highly unintelligible 4-year-old boy. He has difficulties producing /w/, /t/, /d/, and /th/. If you were to treat him using a least phonological knowledge approach, your first target sound in therapy would be: A. /th/ B. /w/ C. /t/ D. /d/

A. /th/

What is the sound pressure that generates 70 dB SPL? A. 63245 µPa B. 120873 µPa C. 36974 µPa D. 29231 µPa

A. 63245 µPa

An audiologist is testing a client in a soundproof booth. She asks her client to put on headphones that deliver the sound stimulus directly to the ear. The audiologist tells the client that if she hears a sound, she should respond by holding up her hand or pressing a switch that lights up on the audiometer. What test is being conducted? A. Air conduction B. Pure tone C. Bone conduction D. Speech recognition

A. Air conduction

Valentina, a 5-year-old Puerto Rican girl, was just added to your caseload. She was diagnosed with autism when she was 3 years old. Valentina shows resistance and aggressive behaviors, along with inattention. She also has many deficits in expressive and receptive language, as well as articulation problems. Since Valentina is a new client to the facility, you are looking to establish initial communication skills, such as words and phrases, grammatical morphemes, and articulation of speech sounds. You also wish to treat her using discrete trial methods in which target skills are taught with massed trials, as well as the use of modeling, prompting, and shaping throughout therapy. Which type of teaching would you be using when treating Valentina? A. Direct teaching B. Activity-based teaching C. Incidental teaching D. Naturalistic teaching

A. Direct teaching

Virat, 72-year-old patient, was added to your caseload because he presented with dysphagia. Your evaluation indicated a mild to moderate oral phase dysphagia. During your initial treatment session, Virat noted that he had previously completed oral-motor exercises and that he would like to continue them, as they seemed to help. You decide to trial Virat's stimulability for these exercises as part of his plan of treatment and need to discuss the purpose and goal of using these exercises with him. You explain to Virat that the following is not a goal of oral-motor control exercises: A. Increase movement of the base of the tongue B. Increase range of tongue movements C. Increase buccal tension D. Increase the range of lateral movements of the jaw

A. Increase movement of the base of the tongue

You hear Luis, a kindergartener from Mexico, playing with his friends on the playground at recess; one of the friends has a birthday. You hear Luis say things like "Cuantos años tienes? Can I have some cake? Feliz cumpleaños! Let's play with your new ball! " It is clear that Luis: A. Is codeswitching, a typical linguistic behavior for persons who are bilingual. B. Is showing signs of linguistic confusion, and may need to be evaluated for a possible language impairment. C. Is just going through a temporary stage where he has difficulty differentiating Spanish from English. D. Is showing clinically significant signs of a syntactic deficit in both languages, and needs to be evaluated immediately for an expressive language delay.

A. Is codeswitching, a typical linguistic behavior for persons who are bilingual.

Which articulation therapy approach emphasizes both the syllable as the basic unit of speech and the concept of phonetic environment? A. McDonald's sensory-motor approach B. Irwin and Weston's paired stimuli approach C. Baker and Ryan's Monterey Articulation Program D. Van Riper's traditional approach

A. McDonald's sensory-motor approach

A code is a system of rules for arranging arbitrary symbols in an orderly, predictable, systematic manner that allows anyone to know the code to interpret the message. Which type of code is a speech-language pathologist likely to teach someone with a communication device? A. Morse code B. Steganography C. ROT1 D. Transposition

A. Morse code

Vernon is 71 years old and was recently diagnosed with dementia after his family recognized his troubles with short-term memory. According to his wife, Judy, he often gets confused when listening to stories and when he tries to retell a story, he misunderstands who was doing what in the story. Judy reports that Vernon was once a very upbeat and happy man who never complained or seemed sad. Judy mentioned that now Vernon often secludes himself in his room during family gatherings and often gets down on himself. Judy also stated that Vernon used to do the crossword in the paper every morning before continuing with his day, but now he can only get a few words correct and then seems to lose interest in the crossword or get frustrated. Judy is very concerned about her husband because he has changed drastically within the last month and she is not sure how to cope. She requests to be a part of every treatment session so she can stay up to date on his plan of care and follow through with therapy activities daily in the home. Because Vernon's wife wishes to feel highly involved in the treatment process, what should you do to help Judy feel the most involved and the most knowledgeable about his treatment? A. Provide Judy with educational resources and give her cognitive homework for Vernon to complete before your next session based on activities done in the session. B. Provide Judy with contacts to a support group for spouses. C. Provide Judy with educational resources. D. Show Judy how to help Vernon use his strategies learned in therapy.

A. Provide Judy with educational resources and give her cognitive homework for Vernon to complete before your next session based on activities done in the session.

A child with a language delay is in Brown's Stage V of morpheme mastery. Which of the following would not be appropriate to target in intervention? A. Regular plural inflection -s B. Irregular third person C. Contractible auxiliary D. Contractible copula

A. Regular plural inflection -s

A 65-year-old man with presbycusis comes to you complaining that when he is in social situations such as parties, people don't speak loudly enough. He says that the noise creates a problem for him in hearing what people are saying. With what does this client have difficulty? A. Signal-to-noise ratio B. Auditory discrimination C. Figure-ground discrimination D. Pragmatic skill

A. Signal-to-noise ratio

Select the statement that is true. A. Some forms of dementia, caused by a toxic reaction to medication, are reversible, especially in their early stages. B. All forms of dementia are progressive. C. Speech production problems are not associated with Broca's aphasia. D. In right hemisphere syndrome, language is more severely impaired than communication

A. Some forms of dementia, caused by a toxic reaction to medication, are reversible, especially in their early stages.

Vowels are produced with a relatively open vocal tract. There will always be a fundamental and harmonics for vowels. We perceive vowel differences by the relationship between formants. How are vowels perceived? A. Spacing of the formants B. The fundamental frequency C. The height of each formant D. The height of each harmonic

A. Spacing of the formants

The intercostal muscles are between the ribs and play an important role in respiration. The two sets of intercostals perform different functions. Select the correct statement. A. The 11 paired internal intercostal muscles pull the ribs downward to decrease the diameter of the thoracic cavity for exhalation. B. The 11 paired external intercostal muscles pull the ribs upward to increase the diameter of the thoracic cavity for exhalation. C. The 10 paired internal intercostal muscles raise the ribs up and out to increase the diameter of the thoracic cavity for exhalation. D. The 10 paired external intercostal muscles pull the ribs down to decrease the diameter of the thoracic cavity for inhalation.

A. The 11 paired internal intercostal muscles pull the ribs downward to decrease the diameter of the thoracic cavity for exhalation.

Which of the following statements is not true about single-subject designs? A. The A phase is the treatment phase. B. They are useful in establishing treatment efficacy. C. The multiple-baseline design avoids the disadvantage of treatment withdrawal. D. A disadvantage of single-subject designs is that they cannot efficiently predict the behavior of groups of individuals.

A. The A phase is the treatment phase.

Damage to the cerebellum may cause a movement disorder called: A. athetosis B. flaccidity C. ataxia D. all of the above

A. athetosis

Variations in vocal frequency, or frequency perturbation, are known as A. jitter. B. shimmer. C. amplitude perturbation. D. fundamental frequency variation

A. jitter.

Which of the following is a middle ear disorder: A. otitis media B. presbycusis C. Meniere's disease D. tinnitus

A. otitis media

A clinician is teaching a patient a technique for dysphagia that includes having the patient manually lift the larynx to improve swallowing functioning because of reduced laryngeal elevation and cricopharyngeus opening. The clinician teaches the patient to take liquid in the mouth and hold it while simultaneously placing the index finger and the thumb around the thyroid notch. The clinician then instructs the patient to hold the larynx at the highest point of laryngeal elevation and swallow, continuing to hold the thyroid notch for a few seconds during and after the swallow before releasing that hold. This technique is called A. the Mendelssohn maneuver. B. an effortful swallow. C. a supraglottic swallow. D. a super-supraglottic swallow.

A. the Mendelssohn maneuver.

To understand a spectrogram during analysis of a sound spectrum, there is an x axis and a y axis. What two measurements are needed for either the x axis or y axis? A. Time B. Amplitude C. Frequency D. Intensity

A. Time C. Frequency

Christopher is an 18-year-old client with a repaired cleft palate. He has production accuracy on most sound classes; however, he still struggles with certain sounds during therapy. Based on his history of a repaired cleft palate, which two of the following sound classes would Christopher most likely have difficulty with? A. Stops B. Fricatives C. Affricates D. Glides

B Fricatives C Affricates

You are evaluating a 4-year-old patient whose mother states that she is concerned about his mild hypernasality and frequent ear infections. During an oral mechanism examination, you observe a bifid uvula. The presence of a bifid uvula may indicate that the patient has: A. Velopharyngeal incompetence B. A submucous cleft palate C. Dysarthria D. Hypertrophy and edema of the vocal folds

B. A submucous cleft palate

All of the following are important to keep in mind during treatment of speech sound disorders in children with a cleft palate, except: A. Training on /k/ and /g/ may be inappropriate, depending on individual velopharyngeal functioning. B. Compensatory articulatory positioning should not be used in any case. C. Stops and fricatives are taught before other sound classes. D. Frequent auditory and visual cues should be used as needed.

B. Compensatory articulatory positioning should not be used in any case.

What is the electronic data interchange (EDI) portion of the Health Insurance and Portability and Accountability Act (HIPPA) intended to do? A. Institute procedures for electronically disclosing patient records B. Create standards for electronic exchanges of financial and administrative data C. Implement rules for disposing of electronic patient records D. Establish rules for safeguarding electronic patient records

B. Create standards for electronic exchanges of financial and administrative data

Rongomaiwhenua was diagnosed with apraxia of speech (AOS). She displays an inability to follow commands and perform voluntary speech movements. Recently, she has been diagnosed with nonverbal oral apraxia (NVOA), a diagnosis that often co-occurs with AOS. With this diagnosis, it can be expected that a lesion would most likely exist in the: A. Posterior portion of the insula B. Frontal and central opercula C. Third temporal convolution D. Piriform cortex

B. Frontal and central opercula

A new client has just been added to your caseload. After an oral mechanism examination, it is clear that your client has difficulty elevating his velopharyngeal muscles during speech. What will the patient's voice sound like based on this information about the inability to raise the velopharyngeal muscles? A. Breathy B. Hypernasal C. Hoarse D. Harsh

B. Hypernasal

Which of the following primarily vibrate and produce sound? A. External thyroarytenoids B. Internal thyroarytenoids C. Transverse arytenoids D. Cricothyroid

B. Internal thyroarytenoids

A 55-year old man comes to you stating that he has been sounding hoarse for the last few months. He also states that he has difficulty swallowing, ear pain, and a lump in his neck. He shares with you that he has an ongoing sore throat. You suspect that his diagnosis will probably be: A. Laryngeal web B. Laryngeal cancer C. Vocal nodules D. Granuloma

B. Laryngeal cancer

Kinetic energy is energy that is being used. Over time, kinetic energy is transformed to thermal energy and the result of this is damping or damped vibration. What is damping? A. Periodically allowing motion to pass B. Opposition to motion C. Opposition to frequency D. Periodically controlling energy

B. Opposition to motion

The following surgical procedure for patients with a cleft includes a substance that is implanted or injected into the posterior pharyngeal wall to make it bulge: A. Pharyngeal flap B. Pharyngoplasty C. Delayed hard palate closure D. The von Langenbeck surgical method

B. Pharyngoplasty

A girl, Suzanne, is brought to you displaying the symptoms of hypotonia, imprecise articulation, and intellectual disability. Her mother shares that she eats excessively and she is worried because Suzanne is overweight and being teased by her peers. This child has: A. Pierre-Robin Syndrome B. Prader-Willi Syndrome C. Treacher-Collins Syndrome D. Trisomy 13

B. Prader-Willi Syndrome

The components of an AAC system are crucial to consider during an assessment. When assessing a young child, you evaluate the way the individual will use and interact with the system, including the user interface, selection method, and output. What type of components are being described? A. Primary components B. Secondary components C. Tertiary components D. Global components

B. Secondary components

When assessing the communicative disorders of your 10-year-old client Sofia, you use charting—which provides a method of scoring her responses and identifying herabilities/deficits. Choose the incorrect statement about charting: A. If Sofia stays in her chair for 30 seconds, this is an example of a behavior that is worth charting. B. Speech pathologists use one way to chart behaviors and that is by noting each time a preselected behavior is exhibited. C. Even if certain behaviors are not necessarily caused by the communicative disorder, charting can still be appropriate for behaviors that are important in the treatment process. D. Different forms are available that are designed for specific age groups.

B. Speech pathologists use one way to chart behaviors and that is by noting each time a preselected behavior is exhibited.

If a client is having difficulty producing a word with a vowel, it is important for the clinician to distinguish whether the vowel is tense or lax. What is the best way for a clinician to quickly discern a lax vowel from a tense vowel? A. Look at whether the vowel is rounded or unrounded B. Tense vowels are relatively long in duration C. Lax vowels are relatively long in duration D. Tense vowels are relatively short in duration

B. Tense vowels are relatively long in duration

You have just administered a standardized test of articulation to a boy with speech sound disorders. You had decided that the test was appropriate for the child because children of the same background as the child were sampled in the normative standardization process. The child scored in the 50th percentile on the test. Which of the following statements is a correct interpretation of this score? A. The child is below average in speech sound production. B. The child's score is equivalent to the median in the normative sample. C. The child is above average in speech sound production. D. The test results suggest target speech productions for treatment.

B. The child's score is equivalent to the median in the normative sample.

A new client comes to your office with severe allergies as one of the medical conditions listed on his case history form. Which of the following statements best describes why this piece of information would be important to you as a speech-language pathologist? A. Allergies are not important because of their high prevalence but they should still be listed on his case history form for other professionals such as physicians. B. They can have potential implications for the development of a speech and language disorder. C. Allergies cause a fluid buildup in the middle ear, which results in a hearing loss and speech and language difficulties. D. Allergies result in airway inflammation, which hurts the sound quality of the voice.

B. They can have potential implications for the development of a speech and language disorder.

A teacher refers Juan to you for a speech-language evaluation. Juan, a second grader from the Dominican Republic who speaks Spanish and English with equal fluency, transferred to your school district 3 months ago from another district in your state. In his previous district, Juan was in a bilingual classroom where his primary language of Spanish was maintained, and he was also exposed to English. According to Juan's report card from the previous district, "Juan does well speaking both Spanish and English. I [the teacher] think he is beginning to show a preference for English. Juan is performing adequately in all academic areas." The second-grade teacher at your school, who teaches only in English, feels that after 3 months in her classroom, "Juan is catching on slowly. I wonder whether he needs special education. It seems that he would benefit from speech therapy." What would be your best course of action? A. Ask the district to send you a bilingual, Spanish-speaking, speech-language pathologist who can evaluate Juan, because you are sure that he has a language disorder. B. Use a dynamic-assessment model to evaluate Juan's language-learning ability and combine that with classroom observations over the next 2-3 months to evaluate his progress. C. Use a variety of English screening instruments to assess Juan's English ability, because these instruments are ecologically valid for him. D. Ask Juan's parents to sign a permission form so that he may be assessed immediately in English, using only English tests, since English is apparently beginning to be his preferred language.

B. Use a dynamic-assessment model to evaluate Juan's language-learning ability and combine that with classroom observations over the next 2-3 months to evaluate his progress.

You are working with Chad, a 10-year-old child who has a language impairment. The teacher tells you that other students get angry with Chad because he frequently says things such as "Gimme that pencil" and "Move your books over." As a clinician, what will you focus on in therapy to help Chad get along better with others and have improved pragmatic skills? A. Use of gerunds B. Use of indirect requests C. Use of complex sentences D. Use of abstract adjectives

B. Use of indirect requests

Which of the following is not a typical age-related change in the larynx? A. Hardening of the laryngeal cartilages B. Velopharyngeal insufficiency C. Degeneration and atrophy of the intrinsic laryngeal muscles D. Degenerative changes in the lamina propria

B. Velopharyngeal insufficiency

A regionally or socially distinct variety of a language identified by distinct set of words and structures is called: A. code switching B. a dialect C. bilingualism D. socioeconomic bilingualism

B. a dialect

Patients who exhibit __________ have difficulty making nonspeech sounds, and cannot move the muscles of the throat, soft palate, and tongue for nonspeech purposes: A. apraxia of speech B. oral apraxia C. limb apraxia D. developmental apraxia of speech

B. oral apraxia

When treating apraxia of speech (AOS), some clinicians teach clients to shape articulatory productions and capitalize on productions that are automatic. This technique includes the use of phoneme drills. What is this referred to as? A. Voluntary control of involuntary utterances B. Prompts for reconstructing oral muscular targets C. Darley, Aronson, and Brown's (1975) procedure for AOS D. Eight-step continuum treatment for AOS

C. Darley, Aronson, and Brown's (1975) procedure for AOS

A speech-language pathologist is holding a conference with the family of a 16-year-old girl with severe language-learning disabilities. The girl reads at a third-grade level and has been in special education placements since first grade. The speech-language pathologist tells the family, in a kind way, that their goal of their daughter attending medical school is unattainable. The family lashes out in anger against the speech-language pathologist, saying that he is wrong, pessimistic, and negative about their daughter and her abilities. In this situation, the family is utilizing which defense mechanism? A. Repression B. Reaction formation C. Displacement D. Suppression

C. Displacement

The following form of instrumental evaluation includes inserting a tube through the nasal passage, past the velum, and into position above the larynx: A. Indirect laryngoscopy B. Direct laryngoscopy C. Flexible fiber-optic laryngoscopy D. Videostroboscopy

C. Flexible fiber-optic laryngoscopy

Which of the following is true about a closed head traumatic brain injury? A. It involves penetration of a foreign substance into the brain. B. It involves torn or lacerated meninges. C. If the meninges are intact, the injury may be considered to be closed head if the skull is fractured. D. Regardless of the circumstances, the injury cannot be considered to be closed head if the skull is fractured.

C. If the meninges are intact, the injury may be considered to be closed head if the skull is fractured.

In the scientific method, what is the experiment-first-and-explain-later approach? A. Deductive method B. Null hypothesis method C. Inductive method D. Alternative hypothesis method

C. Inductive method

A speech-language pathologist in a rehabilitation setting is treating an adult. The goal of the clinician is to have the adult use a communication device to make sentences with the correct use of various basic grammatical concepts when describing a set of pictures. This is an example of which of the following goals? A. Long-term goal B. Unrealistic goal C. Isolated goal D. Integrated goal

C. Isolated goal

All of the following are categorized under aided augmentative and alternative communication (AAC) symbols (according to their functional similarities) except: A. Object-based symbols B. Alphabet-based symbols C. Nonlinguistic D. Phonemic- or phonic-based symbols

C. Nonlinguistic

Researchers often use cross-sectional studies to study children's development in various areas. What is a difficulty with cross-sectional studies? A. The same subjects are studied over time, and this is expensive, time consuming, and difficult because subjects might drop out of the study. B. The investigator is examining data already on file to answer questions about children in various age groups, and that data might not be reliable. C. Observations are made of differences between subjects of different ages to generalize about developmental changes that would occur within subjects as they mature. D. The total age span of children to be studied is divided into several overlapping age spans, and it is difficult to follow subjects from the lower to the upper end of each age span.

C. Observations are made of differences between subjects of different ages to generalize about developmental changes that would occur within subjects as they mature.

The parents of a 10-year-old child consult a clinician. The child is short and has intellectual delay, cryptorchidism, and sleeps excessively. He also has a speech delay, hyperphagia, and is obese. The clinician notices that the child has a prominent nasal bridge, high, narrow forehead, thin upper lip, downturned mouth, almond-shaped eyes, and small hands and feet. The parents report that he frequently picks his skin. They report that the genetic counselor informed them that his condition is caused by autosomal dominant inheritance and deletion in the long arm of chromosome 15 (15q11015q13) in some cases. The child has A. Cornelia de Lange syndrome. B. Apert syndrome. C. Prader-Willi syndrome. D. Dandy-Walker syndrome.

C. Prader-Willi syndrome.

You wish to assess a child's phonemic awareness via phoneme manipulation. Select the example that applies to phoneme manipulation. A. Here is a picture of a hotdog. I'll say the first part of the word and you will complete it. Here is a hot ____. B. Say dig. Now say it backward. C. Say seat. Now say seat, but change the /s/ and /t/ around. D. Say ball without the /b/.

C. Say seat. Now say seat, but change the /s/ and /t/ around.

A 48-year-old stroke patient was misreading words that were irregularly spelled (e.g., Wednesday) but had no problems with non-words that they had never encountered before (e.g., Diggle). This patient probably presents with: A. Functional alexia B. Deep alexia C. Surface alexia D. Phonological alexia

C. Surface alexia

When completing a language evaluation, it is important for a speech-language pathologist to understand the basic elements of language. The five components of language include semantics, syntax, morphology, pragmatics, and phonology. Which component of language refers to the rules governing grammatical constellation of language units? A. Phonologic B. Morphologic C. Syntactic D. Semantic

C. Syntactic

A study that is used to quantify the time and frequency of gastroesophageal reflux into the esophagus is called A. an esophageal reflux monitoring study. B. a GER monitoring study. C. a pH probe or intraluminal pH monitoring study. D. a UGI series

C. a pH probe or intraluminal pH monitoring study.

Sarah, the mother of 18-month-old toddler Brandon, has taken time off her job as an engineer to be with Brandon full time at home. Sarah is very conscientious about Brandon's speech and language development, and brings him to you for an evaluation "just to make sure he's on track." Which of the following would Brandon be expected to demonstrate at 18 months of age if he is developing in a typical fashion? A. 20-30 expressive vocabulary words, mostly consisting of nouns B. establishment of joint reference and 10-15 expressive vocabulary words C. an expressive vocabulary of 50 words as well as beginning to put two words together D. primary use of 3-4-word responses and use of "and" to join sentences

C. an expressive vocabulary of 50 words as well as beginning to put two words together

Disorders of the _______________ result in rigidity, jerky and purposeless movements (chorea), and slow writhing, snakelike movements (athetosis): A. thalamus B. corpus collosum C. basal ganglia D. medulla

C. basal ganglia

An infant with a cleft palate will most likely have hearing problems because of A. aural atresia. B. an incompletely formed cochlea. C. eustachian tube dysfunction. D. malformed ossicles.

C. eustachian tube dysfunction.

A premature infant was referred for a speech-language evaluation. During the evaluation, the speech-language pathologist noted that the infant had difficulty bringing her hands to her mouth to initiate sucking. While breast feeding, the clinician noted that the infant had bursts and pauses, with about two up-and-down cycles of the jaw per second. This is called A. mouthing. B. sequential sucking. C. non-nutritive sucking. D. nutritive sucking.

C. non-nutritive sucking.

Examples of secondary stuttering include: A. whispering B. part-word repetitions C. quivering of the nostrils D. all of the above

C. quivering of the nostrils

A person who deciphers speech by looking at the face of the speaker and using visual cues to understand what the speaker is saying is using a technique known as A. cued speech. B. visual speech. C. speech reading. D. deaf speech.

C. speech reading.

Halliday described seven functions of communicative intent that develop at between 9 and 18 months of age. Which of the following is an example of the heuristic function? A. "More." (said by a child with an empty juice glass) B. "I want cookie." C. "Grandpa white car." D. "Why doggy bark?"

D. "Why doggy bark?"

The concrete operations stage of cognitive development, defined by Piaget, occurs at what age? A. 2-7 years B. 5-7 years C. 4-8 years D. 7-11 years

D. 7-11 years

A father brings his 4-year-old daughter, Danielle, to you. He is concerned because her peers in preschool make fun of her speech. The pediatrician told him that she will probably outgrow a speech problem spontaneously, and indicated that Danielle's father "shouldn't worry about it till she's in first grade." Danielle has normal receptive language and enjoys conversing with others. You share with Danielle's father that a 4-year-old child should be: A. 60-70% intelligible B. 70-80% intelligible C. 80-90% intelligible D. 90-100% intelligible

D. 90-100% intelligible

You are working closely with an orthodontist who frequently refers children to your private practice. Many of these children have protrusion of the maxilla and retrusion of the mandible accompanied by a condition in which the upper teeth from the molars forward are positioned excessively anterior to the lower teeth. What do these children have? A. A class I malocclusion accompanied by underjet B. A class II malocclusion accompanied by underjet C. A class III malocclusion accompanied by overjet D. A class II malocclusion accompanied by overjet

D. A class II malocclusion accompanied by overjet

Anjali, a 7-year-old, was referred for speech therapy by her classroom teacher. Anjali uses inappropriate behaviors such as loud screaming or physical violence when presented with a problem and has difficulty understanding idioms. When a confrontation with another student arises, she is unable to explain actions or feelings to the teacher. Which of the following best describes Anjali's diagnosis? A. Hearing loss B. Expressive aphasia C. Autism D. Behavior disorder

D. Behavior disorder

Peter has suffered a cerebrovascular accident (CVA); the neurologist reports lesions in the third convolution of the left cerebral hemisphere. Based on this, you conclude that the damaged area is A. the occipital lobe. B. the basal ganglia. C. Wernicke's area. D. Broca's area.

D. Broca's area.

You are working in a hospital, and a 72-year-old patient, Grace, is referred to you. She has difficulty paying attention to a conversation, staying on topic, remembering information, responding accurately, and following directions. She most likely has: A. Apraxia of speech B. Wernicke's aphasia C. Transcortical motor aphasia D. Cognitive communication disorder

D. Cognitive communication disorder

Select the statement that is true of speech-language sampling. A. Ask as many yes/no questions as possible. B. To avoid the influence of familiarity, ask the parents not to bring stimuli from home. C. Ask multiple choice questions at the same time to see which questions are answered. D. Frequently repeat what the child says.

D. Frequently repeat what the child says.

You have been asked to counsel with John, a 70-year-old man who has smoked and drank alcohol since he was a teenager. He now has laryngeal cancer, and, before surgery, the surgeon asks you to talk with John about esophageal speech. You explain to John that there are two basic types of esophageal speech. In one method, the patient is taught to keep the esophagus open and relaxed while inhaling rapidly. In the other method, the patient impounds the air in the oral cavity, pushes it back into the esophagus, and vibrates the cricopharyngeus muscle. What is the second method called? A. Inhalation method B. Laryngeal airway resistance method C. Inhalatory injection method D. Injection method

D. Injection method

You are working with a client who has Parkinson's and tends to speak with a monotone. You are trying to help her intonation become more varied. You have her deliberately speak with a monotone over and over again to help increase her awareness of how she sounds; you record her on your phone and play back the recording for her to listen to. You are employing the technique of: A. Punishment B. Negative reinforcement C. Positive reinforcement D. Negative practice

D. Negative practice

___________ states that all children and youth with disabilities from ages 3 to 21 years are guaranteed free and appropriate public education in the "least restrictive environment," including special education and related services. A. P.L. 142-204 B. P.L. 29-204 C. P.L. 49-142 D. P.L. 94-142

D. P.L. 94-142

A classroom teacher refers a 10-year-old African American male student to you because she is concerned about his intelligibility. This teacher is anxious to avoid the mistake of mislabeling the student as having a "speech disorder" if he is merely manifesting characteristics of AAE. When you screen the boy, you find that he makes the following substitutions: d/m, f/n, and m/n. A. Provide therapy for the student because, even though these are typical patterns for speakers of AAE, the boy needs to learn Standard American English articulation patterns. B. Do nothing, knowing that boys mature slower than girls do. C. Do nothing, realizing that this is typical for speakers of African American English. D. Provide intervention for the student, because this is a sign of an articulatory-phonological disorder involving substitutions of nasals with other sounds.

D. Provide intervention for the student, because this is a sign of an articulatory-phonological disorder involving substitutions of nasals with other sounds.

Which is not part of the Glasgow Coma Scale (GCS)? A. Eye opening B. Motor responses C. Verbal responses D. Range of motion

D. Range of motion

All of the following are deficits of the oral phase of swallowing, except what? A. Food residue located in various places B. Aspiration before swallow C. Piecemeal swallow D. Reduced movement of the base of the tongue

D. Reduced movement of the base of the tongue

A 5-year-old client with a cleft palate was just added to your caseload. During the first treatment session, the child's mother noted that she was concerned about her daughter's vocal quality. Because you have knowledge of the laryngeal and vocal disorders that may arise from clefts, you indicate to the mother that all of the following are possible, except: A. Vocal nodules B. Hypertrophy and edema of the vocal folds C. Resonance disorders D. Spasmodic dysphonia

D. Spasmodic dysphonia

Which of the following is the most common form of mixed cerebral palsy? A. Dyskinetic-athetoid B. Ataxic-dyskinetic C. Spastic-ataxic D. Spastic-dyskinetic

D. Spastic-dyskinetic

A high school teacher refers a Mandarin-speaking 16-year-old to you for an evaluation. The student and his family came to the United States 2 years ago from China. The teacher says that the student does well academically, but she shares that she has difficulty understanding him when he speaks. When you screen the student, you find some articulation and language differences. Which one of the following would not be predictable based on the student's first language of Mandarin? A. Substitutions of t/th (e.g., tin/thin) B. Epenthesis in words with consonant blends C. Confusions of /r/ and /l/ D. Substitutions of f/th (e.g., fick/thick)

D. Substitutions of f/th (e.g., fick/thick)

An investigator carries out a study in which the effect of rate of speech upon stuttering during sibling interaction is being investigated. The investigator gathers conversational samples from children who stutter and their siblings. In the control group, siblings are asked to speak as they normally would at home. In the experimental group, siblings are asked to speak much more quickly than they would at home. The investigator wishes to measure the effect of rate of siblings' speech upon the amount of stuttering done by the children who stutter. In other words, the investigator is asking if increased rate of siblings' speech causes children to stutter more. In this study, what is the dependent variable? A. The amount of stuttering done by children who stutter when siblings speak at a slowed rate B. The rate of speech of the siblings in the experimental group C. The rate of speech of the siblings in the control group D. The amount of stuttering done by the children who stutter when the siblings increase their rate of speech

D. The amount of stuttering done by the children who stutter when the siblings increase their rate of speech

Which of the following statements is false? A. Wernicke's area in the temporal lobe is critical to comprehending spoken language. B. Wernicke's area is connected to Broca's area in the frontal lobe through the arcuate fasciculus. C. The occipital lobe contains the primary visual cortex. D. The angular gyrus in the occipital lobe is important for interpreting somesthetic sensations such as pain, touch, and temperature.

D. The angular gyrus in the occipital lobe is important for interpreting somesthetic sensations such as pain, touch, and temperature.

According to the Nyquist theorem (1928), to represent a signal faithfully, it must be sampled at a rate equal to twice its highest frequency. Brick-wall filtering works with the Nyquist theorem when analyzing data. What is the purpose of Brick-wall filtering? A. The brick-wall filter removes all of the energy below the Nyquist frequency. B. The brick-wall filter doubles all of the energy above the Nyquist frequency. C. The brick-wall filter doubles all of the energy below the Nyquist frequency. D. The brick-wall filter removes all of the energy above the Nyquist frequency.

D. The brick-wall filter removes all of the energy above the Nyquist frequency.

Which of the following statements is true? A. The innermost intercostal (T2-T11) elevates ribs 1 through 11. B. The external intercostal (T2-T11) pulls the rib cage down. C. The pectoralis minor (C4-T1) decreases the transverse dimension of the rib cage. D. The serratus anterior elevates ribs 1 through 9.

D. The serratus anterior elevates ribs 1 through 9.

What determines the intensity at each harmonic in vowel production? A. Nothing B. Respiration C. Vocal folds D. Vocal tract

D. Vocal tract

In treating the communication deficits of a young adult with traumatic brain injury, you would do which of the following? A. Refrain from using techniques to increase orientation and attention because the inappropriateness of these treatment targets subside in due course. B. Exclusively use cognitive rehabilitation. C. Introduce a variety of treatment activities to promote faster recovery. D. Withhold attention from irrelevant and inappropriate responses.

D. Withhold attention from irrelevant and inappropriate responses.

A technique used by some speech-language pathologists during swallowing assessments, in which a stethoscope is placed over the thyroid cartilage to amplify sounds during swallowing, is called A. scintigraphy. B. videofluoroscopy. C. endoscopy. D. cervical auscultation.

D. cervical auscultation.

In ____________ otitis media, the infection continues over a long period and the tympanic membrane is permanently ruptured: A. serous B. acute C. hemangioma D. chronic

D. chronic

When a surgeon closes a cleft of the soft palate first and a cleft of the hard palate later, this is known as A. secondary surgery. B. palatal surgery. C. pharyngeal flap surgery D. delayed hard palate closure.

D. delayed hard palate closure.

The malleus, incus, and stapes form the: A. tympanic membrane B. stapedius muscle C. tensor tympani D. ossicular chain

D. ossicular chain

A client who stutters mentions to his speech-language pathologist that his social life is limited. He states, "No one will talk to me because I stutter." This is an example of the common defense mechanism known as A. displacement. B. projection. C. repression. D. rationalization

D. rationalization

Speech reception thresholds (SRTs) are A. determined by the patient's response to a list of monosyllabic words presented at a low level of hearing. B. determined by looking at the patient's pure-tone test results at the frequencies most important to speech. C. the lowest levels of hearing at which a person can understand 100% of the words presented. D. the lowest levels of hearing at which a person can understand 50% of the words presented.

D. the lowest levels of hearing at which a person can understand 50% of the words presented.

A 9-year-old child was seen for an evaluation because of a major dysfunction in his gastrointestinal tract. The child had short bowel syndrome, resulting in the removal of a major part of the intestines. The gastroenterologist most likely would recommend A. a jejunostomy tube (J-tube). B. a duodenal tube (duo-tube). C. a gastrojejunal tube (GJ-tube). D. total parenteral nutrition (TPN).

D. total parenteral nutrition (TPN).

In comparison with non-cleft peers, children with unrepaired cleft palates differ in which aspect of their consonant inventories in both manner and placement? More _________ ; Less ____________ 1 Stops 2 Nasals 3 Glottals 4 Alveolars

More Nasals Less Alveolars