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The daughter of a woman who has been diagnosed with ovarian cancer asks the nurse about screening for this cancer. Which response by the nurse would be most appropriate? A) "Currently there is no reliable screening test for ovarian cancer." B) "A Pap smear is almost always helpful in identifying this type of cancer." C) "There's a blood test for a marker, CA-125, that if elevated indicates cancer." D) "A genetic test for two genes, if positive, will identify the ovarian cancer."

A) "Currently there is no reliable screening test for ovarian cancer."

After the nurse teaches a client about ways to reduce the symptoms of premenstrual syndrome, which client statement indicates a need for additional teaching? A) "I will make sure to take my estrogen supplements a week before my period." B) "I've signed up for an aerobic exercise class three times a week." C) "I'll cut down on the amount of coffee and colas I drink." D) "I quit smoking about a month ago, so that should help."

A) "I will make sure to take my estrogen supplements a week before my period."

A client with trichomoniasis is to receive metronidazole (Flagyl). The nurse instructs the client to avoid which of the following while taking this drug? A) Alcohol B) Nicotine C) Chocolate D) Caffeine

A) Alcohol

The nurse is providing home care for a 6-year-old girl with multiple medical challenges. Which of the following activities would be considered the tertiary level of prevention? A) Arranging for a physical therapy session B) Teaching the parents to administer albuterol C) Reminding the parents to give the full course of antibiotics D) Giving the DTaP vaccination at proper intervals

A) Arranging for a physical therapy session

A client is scheduled for cryosurgery to remove some abnormal tissue on the cervix. The nurse teaches the client about this treatment, explaining that the tissue will be removed by which method? A) Freezing B) Cutting C) Burning D) Irradiating

A) Freezing

When preparing a woman with suspected vulvar cancer for a biopsy, the nurse expects that the lesion would most likely be located at which area? A) Labia majora B) Labia minora C) Clitoris D) Prepuce

A) Labia majora

To assist the woman in regaining control of the urinary sphincter for urinary incontinence, the nurse should teach the client to do which of the following? A) Perform Kegel exercises daily. B) Void every hour while awake. C) Limit her intake of fluid. D) Take a laxative every night.

A) Perform Kegel exercises daily.

A client with polycystic ovary syndrome (PCOS) is receiving oral contraceptives as part of her treatment plan. The nurse understands that the rationale for this therapy is to: A) Restore menstrual regularity B) Induce ovulation C) Improve insulin uptake D) Alleviate hirsutism

A) Restore menstrual regularity

A woman with polycystic ovary syndrome tells the nurse, "I hate this disease. Just look at me! I have no hair on the front of my head but I've got hair on my chin and upper lip. I don't feel like a woman anymore." Further assessment reveals breast atrophy and increased muscle mass. Which nursing diagnosis would most likely be a priority? A) Situational low self-esteem related to masculinization effects of the disease B) Social isolation related to feelings about appearance C) Risk for suicide related to effects of condition and fluctuating hormone levels D) Ineffective peripheral tissue perfusion related to effects of disease on vasculature

A) Situational low self-esteem related to masculinization effects of the disease

The nurse is caring for a 2-week-old girl with a metabolic disorder. Which of the following activities would deviate from the characteristics of family-centered care? A) Softening unpleasant information or prognoses B) Evaluating and changing the nursing plan of care C) Collaborating with the child and family as equals D) Showing respect for the family's beliefs and wishes

A) Softening unpleasant information or prognoses

A woman using the cervical mucus ovulation method of fertility awareness reports that her cervical mucus looks like egg whites. The nurse interprets this as which of the following? A) Spinnbarkeit mucus B) Purulent mucus C) Postovulatory mucus D) Normal preovulation mucus

A) Spinnbarkeit mucus

Which of the following descriptions would the nurse include when teaching a client about her scheduled colposcopy? A) "A gel will be applied to your abdomen and a microphone-like device will be moved over the area to identify problem areas." B) "A solution will be wiped on your cervix to identify any abnormal cells, which will be visualized with a magnifying instrument." C) "Scrapings of tissue will be obtained and placed on slides to be examined under the microscope." D) "After you receive anesthesia, a small device will be inserted into your abdomen near your belly button to obtain tissue samples."

B) "A solution will be wiped on your cervix to identify any abnormal cells, which will be visualized with a magnifying instrument."

A 42-year-old woman is scheduled for a mammogram. Which of the following would the nurse include when teaching the woman about the procedure? A) "The room will be darkened throughout the procedure." B) "Each breast will be firmly compressed between two plates." C) "Make sure to refrain from eating or drinking after midnight." D) "A small needle will be inserted to get a sample for evaluation."

B) "Each breast will be firmly compressed between two plates."

After teaching a woman how to perform breast self-examination, which statement would indicate that the nurse's instructions were successful? A) "I should lie down with my arms at my side when looking at my breasts." B) "I should use the fingerpads of my three middle fingers to apply pressure to my breast." C) "I don't need to check under my arm on that side if my breast feels fine." D) "I need to work from the center of my breast outward toward my shoulder.

B) "I should use the fingerpads of my three middle fingers to apply pressure to my breast."

A pregnant client tells her nurse that she is interested in arranging a home birth. After educating the client on the advantages and disadvantages, which statement would indicate that the client understood the information? A) "I like having the privacy, but it might be too expensive for me to set up in my home." B) "I want to have more control, but I am concerned if an emergency would arise." C) "It is the safest method for giving birth because there are no interferences." D) "The midwife is trained to resolve any emergency, and she can bring any pain meds."

B) "I want to have more control, but I am concerned if an emergency would arise."

.When she discovers that she is unexpectedly pregnant, a patient calls the nurse in a panic.She reports that although she does not drink heavily, the night she must have gotten pregnant she was at a wedding and had drunk quite a lot. The day after the wedding she had taken several acetaminophens. Since that day 3 weeks earlier, she has also had a nightly glass of wine with dinner. She asks if she has caused irreversible damage to the fetus. What is an appropriate response for the nurse to make? A)"Why did you have unprotected sex if you had been drinking?" B)"You didn't know you were pregnant, so you haven't done anything wrong. The fetus isn't exposed to the mother's blood until after it implants, so the wedding's not an issue. But, don't have any more alcohol while you're pregnant. c) "You didn't know you were pregnant, so you haven't done anything intentionally wrong. But alcohol is very damaging to the growing fetus, so you'd better be sure to stop drinking. Do you need any support for that?" d) "Exposure to alcohol can cause facial deformities, low birth weights, and underdeveloped brains. The wedding night isn't an issue because the fetus isn't exposed to the mother's blood at first, but I hope this last week of drinking hasn't caused any problems."

B) "You didn't know you were pregnant, so you haven't done anything wrong. The fetus isn't exposed to the mother's blood until after it implants, so the wedding's not an issue. But, don't have any more alcohol while you're pregnant.

The nurse would be least likely to find which of the following in a client with uterine fibroids? A) Regularly shaped, shrunken uterus B) Acute pelvic pain C) Menorrhagia D) Complaints of bloating

B) Acute pelvic pain

Which finding obtained during a client history would the nurse identify as increasing a client's risk for ovarian cancer? A) Multiple sexual partners B) Consumption of a high-fat diet C) Underweight D) Grand multiparity (more than five children)

B) Consumption of a high-fat diet

When teaching a group of postmenopausal women about hot flashes and night sweats, the nurse would address which of the following as the primary cause? A) Poor dietary intake B) Estrogen deficiency C) Active lifestyle D) Changes in vaginal pH

B) Estrogen deficiency

The nurse is developing a presentation for a community group of young adults discussing fetal development and pregnancy. The nurse would identify that the sex of offspring is determined at the time of: A) Meiosis B) Fertilization C) Formation of morula D) Oogenesis

B) Fertilization

After the nurse describes fetal circulation to a pregnant woman, the woman asks why her fetus has a different circulation pattern than hers. In planning a response, the nurse integrates understanding of which of the following? A) Fetal blood is thicker than that of adults and needs different pathways. B) Fetal circulation carries highly oxygenated blood to vital areas first. C) Fetal blood has a higher oxygen saturation and circulates more slowly. D) Fetal heart rates are rapid and circulation time is double that of adults.

B) Fetal circulation carries highly oxygenated blood to vital areas first.

Which findings would the nurse expect to find in a client with bacterial vaginosis? A) Vaginal pH of 3 B) Fish-like odor of discharge C) Yellowish-green discharge D) Cervical bleeding on contact

B) Fish-like odor of discharge

When obtaining the health history from a client, which factor would lead the nurse to suspect that the client has an increased risk for sexually transmitted infections (STIs)? A) Hive-like rash for the past 2 days B) Five different sexual partners C) Weight gain of 5 lbs in 1 year D) Clear vaginal discharge

B) Five different sexual partners

The nurse would recommend the use of which supplement as a primary prevention strategy to prevent neural tube defects in pregnant women? A) Calcium B) Folic acid C) Vitamin C D) Iron

B) Folic acid

When developing a teaching plan for a community group about HIV infection, which group would the nurse identify as an emerging risk group for HIV infection? A) Native Americans B) Heterosexual women C) New health care workers D) Asian immigrants

B) Heterosexual women

A nursing instructor is preparing a teaching plan for a group of nursing students about the potential for misuse of genetic discoveries and advances. Which the following would the instructor most likely include? A) Gene replacement therapy for defective genes B) Individual risk profiling and confidentiality C) Greater emphasis on the causes of diseases D) Slower diagnosis of specific diseases

B) Individual risk profiling and confidentiality

When developing the plan of care for a woman who has had an abdominal hysterectomy, which of the following would be contraindicated? A) Ambulating the client B) Massaging the client's legs C) Applying elasticized stockings D) Encouraging range-of-motion exercises

B) Massaging the client's legs

A woman has opted to use the basal body temperature method for contraception. The nurse instructs the client that a rise in basal body temperature indicates which of the following? A) Onset of menses B) Ovulation C) Pregnancy D) Safe period for intercourse

B) Ovulation

A pregnant woman diagnosed with syphilis comes to the clinic for a visit. The nurse discusses the risk of transmitting the infection to her newborn, explaining that this infection is transmitted to the newborn through the: A) Amniotic fluid B) Placenta C) Birth canal D) Breast milk

B) Placenta

A client with advanced breast cancer, who has had both chemotherapy and radiation therapy, is to start hormonal therapy. Which agent would the nurse expect the client to receive? A) Progestins B) Tamoxifen C) Cortisone D) Estrogen

B) Tamoxifen

When describing the various types of reproductive tract cancers to a local women's group, which of the following would the nurse identify as the least common type? A) Vulvar B) Vaginal C) Endometrial D) Ovarian

B) Vaginal

The nurse would refer a client, age 54, for follow-up for suspected endometrial carcinoma if she reports which of the following? A)Use of oral contraceptives between ages 18 and 25 B)Onset of painless, red postmenopausal bleeding C)Menopause occurring at age 46 D)Use of intrauterine device for 3 years

B)Onset of painless, red postmenopausal bleeding

When describing amniotic fluid to a pregnant woman, the nurse would include which of the following? A) "This fluid acts as transport mechanism for oxygen and nutrients." B) "The fluid is mostly protein to provide nourishment to your baby." C) "This fluid acts as a cushion to help to protect your baby from injury." D) "The amount of fluid remains fairly constant throughout the pregnancy."

C) "This fluid acts as a cushion to help to protect your baby from injury."

The nurse is reviewing the medical records of several clients. Which client would the nurse expect to have an increased risk for developing osteoporosis? A) A woman of African American descent B) A woman who plays tennis twice a week C) A thin woman with small bones D) A woman who drinks one cup of coffee a

C) A thin woman with small bones

A client is diagnosed with an enterocele. The nurse interprets this condition as: A) Protrusion of the posterior bladder wall downward through the anterior vaginal wall B) Sagging of the rectum with pressure exerted against the posterior vaginal wall C) Bulging of the small intestine through the posterior vaginal wall D) Descent of the uterus through the pelvic floor into the vagina

C) Bulging of the small intestine through the posterior vaginal wall

Assessment of a female client reveals a thick, white vaginal discharge. She also reports intense itching and dyspareunia. Based on these findings, the nurse would suspect that the client has: A) Trichomoniasis B) Bacterial vaginosis C) Candidiasis D) Genital herpes simplex

C) Candidiasis

The nurse encourages a female client with human papillomavirus (HPV) to receive continued follow-up care because she is at risk for: A) Infertility B) Dyspareunia C) Cervical cancer D) Dysmenorrhea

C) Cervical cancer

Evaluation of a woman with breast cancer reveals that her mass is approximately 1.25 inches in diameter. Three adjacent lymph nodes are positive. The nurse interprets this as indicating that the woman has which stage of breast cancer? A) 0 B) I C) II D) III

C) II

A client comes to the clinic with abdominal pain. Based on her history the nurse suspects endometriosis. The nurse expects to prepare the client for which of the following to confirm this suspicion? A) Pelvic examination B) Transvaginal ultrasound C) Laparoscopy D) Hysterosalpingogram

C) Laparoscopy

While talking with a pregnant woman who has undergone genetic testing, the woman informs the nurse that her baby will be born with Down syndrome. The nurse understands that Down syndrome is an example of: A) Multifactorial inheritance B) X-linked recessive inheritance C) Trisomy numeric abnormality D) Chromosomal deletion

C) Trisomy numeric abnormality

Which of the following instructions would the nurse include when preparing a woman for a Pap smear? A) "Refrain from sexual intercourse for 1 week before the test." B) "Wear cotton panties on the day of the test." C) "Avoid taking any medications for 24 hours." D) "Do not douche for 48 hours before the test."

D) "Do not douche for 48 hours before the test."

Which of the following statements best indicates that a client has taken self-care measures to reduce her risk for cervical cancer? A) "I've really cut down on the amount of caffeine I drink every day." B) "I've thrown out all my bubble baths and just use soap and water now." C) "Every time I have sexual intercourse, I douche." D) "My partner always uses a condom when we have sexual intercourse."

D) "My partner always uses a condom when we have sexual intercourse."

Which instructions would the nurse include when teaching a woman with pediculosis pubis? A) "Take the antibiotic until you feel better." B) "Wash your bed linens in bleach and cold water." C) "Your partner doesn't need treatment at this time." D) "Remove the nits with a fine-toothed comb."

D) "Remove the nits with a fine-toothed comb."

When developing a teaching plan for a couple considering contraception options, which of the following statements would the nurse include? A) "You should select one that is considered to be 100% effective." B) "The best one is the one that is the least expensive and most convenient." C) "A good contraceptive doesn't require a physician's prescription." D) "The best contraceptive is one that you will use correctly and consistently."

D) "The best contraceptive is one that you will use correctly and consistently."

The nurse reviews the CD4 cell count of a client who is HIV-positive. A result less than which of the following would indicate to the nurse that the client has AIDS? A) 1,000 cells/mm3 B) 700 cells/mm3 C) 450 cells/mm3 D) 200 cells/mm3

D) 200 cells/mm3

A couple comes to the clinic for preconception counseling and care. As part of the visit, the nurse teaches the couple about fertilization and initial development, stating that the zygote formed by the union of the ovum and sperm consists of how many chromosomes? A) 22 B) 23 C) 44 D) 46

D) 46

A client is suspected of having endometrial cancer. The nurse would most likely prepare the client for which procedure to confirm the diagnosis? A) Transvaginal ultrasound B) Colposcopy C) Pap smear D) Endometrial biopsy

D) Endometrial biopsy

After teaching a pregnant woman about the hormones produced by the placenta, the nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the woman identifies which hormone produced as being the basis for pregnancy tests? A) Human placental lactogen (hPL) B) Estrogen (estriol) C) Progesterone (progestin) D) Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

D) Human chorionic gonadotropin (hCG)

When performing a clinical breast examination, which would the nurse do first? A) Palpate the axillary area. B) Compress the nipple for a discharge. C) Palpate the breasts. D) Inspect the breasts.

D) Inspect the breasts.

A woman with breast cancer is undergoing chemotherapy. Which of the following side effects would the nurse interpret as being most serious? A) Vomiting B) Hair loss C) Fatigue D) Myelosuppression

D) Myelosuppression

When assessing a client with suspected breast cancer, which of the following would the nurse expect to find? A) Painful lump B) Absence of dimpling C) Regularly shaped mass D) Nipple retraction

D) Nipple retraction

Which of the following measures would the nurse include in the teaching plan for a woman to reduce the risk of osteoporosis after menopause? A) Taking vitamin supplements B) Eating high-fiber, high-calorie foods C) Restricting fluid to 1,000 mL daily D) Participating in regular daily exercise

D) Participating in regular daily exercise

A woman who has undergone a right modified-radical mastectomy returns from surgery. Which nursing intervention would be most appropriate at this time? A) Ask the client how she feels about having her breast removed. B) Attach a sign above her bed to have BP, IV lines, and lab work in her right arm. C) Encourage her to turn, cough, and deep breathe at frequent intervals. D) Position her right arm below heart level.

D) Position her right arm below heart level.

After teaching a local woman's group about incontinence, the nurse determines that the teaching was successful when the group identifies which of the following as characteristic of stress incontinence? A) Feeling a strong need to void B) Passing a large amount of urine C) Most common in women after childbirth D) Sneezing may be an initiating stimulus

D) Sneezing may be an initiating stimulus

A woman is admitted for repair of cystocele and rectocele. She has nine living children. In taking her health history, which of the following would the nurse expect to find?A)Sporadic vaginal bleeding accompanied by chronic pelvic pain B)Heavy leukorrhea with vulvar pruritus C)Menstrual irregularities and hirsutism on the chin D)Stress incontinence with feeling of low abdominal pressure

D)Stress incontinence with feeling of low abdominal pressure

A 19-year-old female client has been diagnosed with pelvic inflammatory disease (PID) caused by untreated gonorrhea. Which instructions should the nurse offer when caring for the client? Select all that apply. a. Avoid douching vaginal area. b. Complete the antibiotic therapy. c. Limit the number of sex partners. d. Increase fluid intake e. Use an intrauterine device (IUD)

a. Avoid douching vaginal area. b. Complete the antibiotic therapy. c. Limit the number of sex partners.

The nurse determines that a woman has implemented prescribed therapy for her fibrocystic breast disease when the client reports that she has eliminated which from her diet? a. Caffeine b. Dairy products c. Cigarettes d. Sweets

a. Caffeine

When assessing a family for possible barriers to health care, the mother reports several problems she has been having when coming to her local clinic. The nurse would consider which reported problem as having the greatest impact on this family's health care? a. Family Finances b. Language Barrier c. Transportation to the clinic d. Health care workers' attitude

a. Family Finances

When describing polycystic ovarian syndrome to a client, which of the following areas would the nurse need to address? Select all that apply. a. Hyperinsulinemia b. Elevated androgen levels c. Anovulation d. decreased levels of luteinizing hormones e. follicular hyperplasia

a. Hyperinsulinemia b. Elevated androgen levels c. Anovulation

After teaching a woman how to perform Kegel exercises, the woman states the steps below. Which of the following are correct components of Kegel exercises? a. Tighten the pubococcygeus muscle for a count of three, then relax. b. try to bring up the entire pelvic floor and hold it 10 times. c. squeeze the rectal muscle as if trying to prevent the passage of flatus d. stop and start urinary flow to identify pubococcygeus muscle e contract and relax the pubococcygeus muscle rapidly 10 times f. repeat these exercises at least 15 times a day

a. Tighten the pubococcygeus muscle for a count of three, then relax. c. squeeze the rectal muscle as if trying to prevent the passage of flatus d. stop and start urinary flow to identify pubococcygeus muscle e contract and relax the pubococcygeus muscle rapidly 10 times

When discussing contraceptive options, which method would the nurse recommend as being the most reliable? a. intrauterine system b. Lactational amenorrhea method (LAM) c. natural family planning d. coitus interrupts

a. intrauterine system

What is the main purpose of the chorionic villi? a. to provide an exchange site for the exchange of nutrients and wastes b. to produce amniotic fluid c. to form the tissues that will become the placenta d. to adhere the blastocyst to the endometrial lining

a. to provide an exchange site for the exchange of nutrients and wastes

The nurse is trying to get consent to care for an 11-year-old boy with diabetic ketoacidosis. His parents are out of town on vacation, and the child is staying with a neighbor. Which action would be the priority? a. advocating for neighbors to proceed with care for the child b. Getting telephone consent with two people listening to the verbal consent c. contacting the child's aunt or uncle to obtain their consent d. providing emergency care without parental consent

b. Getting telephone consent with two people listening to the verbal consent

After discussing various methods of contraception with a client and her partner, the nurse determines that the teaching was successful when they identify which contraceptive method as providing protection against STIs? a. oral contraceptives b. condoms c. tubal ligation d. intrauterine system

b. condoms

a pregnant patient and her spouse are in for their first prenatal visit at 8 weeks gestation. she and her husband are asking if you can tell the sex of her baby. Which response is accurate on determine the sex of the fetus? a. if you want we can do an ultrasound today b. fetal organs are developed by 12 weeks and would require an ultrasound after that time c. the fetus is still developing until 24 weeks you must wait. d. the provide usually does an ultrasound at 20 weeks

b. fetal organs are developed by 12 weeks and would require an ultrasound after that time

Fetal circulation differs from the circulatory path of the newborn infant. In utero the fetus has a hole connecting the right and left atria of the heart. This allows oxygenated blood to quickly pass to the major organs of the body. What is this hole called? a. foramen magnum b. foramen ovale c. foramen venosum d. foramen arteriosus

b. foramen ovale

A nurse is caring for a female client who is undergoing treatment for genital warts due to human papillomavirus (HPV). Which of the following information should the nurse include when educating the client about the risk of cervical cancer? Select all that apply. a) Recurrence of genital warts increases risk of cervical cancer. b) Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics increases risk of cervical cancer. c) Use of latex condoms is associated with a lower rate of cervical cancer. d) Obtaining Pap smears regularly helps early detection of cervical cancer. e) Abnormal vaginal discharge is a sign of cervical cancer.

c) Use of latex condoms is associated with a lower rate of cervical cancer. d) Obtaining Pap smears regularly helps early detection of cervical cancer. b) Use of broad-spectrum antibiotics increases risk of cervical cancer.

After teaching a woman how to perform breast self-examination, which statement would indicate that the nurse's instructions were successful? A)I'll feel my breast using my thumb and index finger. b. i don't have to check under my arm if i don't feel any breast lumps c. I'll do the check about a week after my period d. I will check my breasts every other week

c. I'll do the check about a week after my period

A 40 year-old woman with gray, runny vaginal discharge that has a foul, fishy odor has been told that she most likely has vaginosis. Which of the following phenomena most likely contributed to her present condition? a. proliferation of sexually-transmitted protozoa b. auto inoculation from a cold sore, wart or oral fungal infection c. a sharp reduction in the number of lactobacilli in the client's vaginal flora d. unprotected sex with a new partner who is a carrier of the relevant bacteria

c. a sharp reduction in the number of lactobacilli in the client's vaginal flora

A 23-year-old sexually active woman tells the nurse practitioner that she is worried because she has been having abnormal vaginal bleeding, dysuria, and weird vaginal discharge. What sexually transmitted infection would the nurse suspect? a. syphillis b. HSC c. gonorrhea d. chlamydia

c. gonorrhea

The nurse is counseling a couple who suspect that they could bear a child with a genetic abnormality. Which would be most important for the nurse when working with this family?a. Gather information for three generations. b. inform the family of the need for information. c. Maintain the confidentiality of the information. d. Present the information in a non directive manner

d. Present the information in a non directive manner

the nurse is developing a plan of care for a client who is receiving aggressive drug therapy for treatment of HIV. the goal of this therapy is to? a. promote the progession of disease b. conduct additional drug research c. improve survival rates d. intervene in late-stage AIDS

d. intervene in late-stage AIDS

The nurse is assessing a female client with genital herpes. Which of the following would the nurse expect to find? a. lower abdominal pain b. painful genital ulcer c. soft fleshy growths on the perineum d. multiple vesicles on the introitus

d. multiple vesicles on the introitus

A nurse has educated a group of nursing students about the issue of informed consent. Which response would validate the students' understanding of a violation of informed consent? a. serving as a witness to the signature process on an operative permit b. asking whether the client understands what she is signing following receiving education c. Getting verbal consent over the phone for an emergency procedure from the spouse of a unconscious woman d. performing a procedure on a 15-year-old without parental consent

d. performing a procedure on a 15-year-old without parental consent

A woman comes to the clinic and informs the nurse that she missed her first menstrual period and took a positive pregnancy test. What stage of fetal development does the nurse understand is occurring at this time? a. the corpus luteum stage b. the fetal stage c. the pre-embryonic stage d. the embryonic stage

d. the embryonic stage