10 - gender stratification ✅

In 2006, women held about what share of seats in Congress? a. 34 percent b. 54 percent c. 74 percent d. 14 percent

a. 34 percent

Talcott Parsons described gender in terms of: a. complementarity. b. power differences. c. the sexual objectification of women. d. biological differences.

a. complementarity.

Talcott Parsons explained that males tend toward __________ behavior, and females tend to be more __________. a. instrumental; expressive b. egalitarian; hierarchical c. sympathetic; empathic d. rational; traditional

a. instrumental; expressive

What is the form of social organization in which females dominate males? a. matriarchy b. monarchy c. patriarchy d. gerontocracy

a. matriarchy

Margaret Mead's research on gender in three societies in New Guinea illustrates that: a. what is feminine to one society may be masculine to another. b. farming is always done by men. c. all societies display much the same gender definitions. d. all societies consider men to be more aggressive than women.

a. what is feminine to one society may be masculine to another.

In the U.S. work force, a. women are still concentrated in several categories of jobs. b. women now earn more money than men. c. men and women have the same types of jobs. d. women have now equaled the pay of men.

a. women are still concentrated in several categories of jobs.

The "beauty myth" refers to the idea that: a. women learn to measure their personal importance in terms of physical appearance. b. women today are as physically attractive as today's men are. c. men prefer women who are physically attractive. d. beautiful women are free from control by men.

a. women learn to measure their personal importance in terms of physical appearance.

Feminism has been a social movement in the United States since beginning in the: a. colonial era. b. 1840s. c. 1920s. d. 1960s.

b. 1840s.

In the United States in 2004, women in the labor force working full time earned what share of the income earned by men working full time? a. 57 percent b. 77 percent c. 97 percent d. 37 percent

b. 77 percent

Which of the following statements is the best reason to see women as a minority in the United States? a. Men outnumber women. b. At every class level, women have less income, wealth, education, and power than men do. c. All of these are correct. d. Women see themselves as a minority.

b. At every class level, women have less income, wealth, education, and power than men do.

Friedrich Engels claimed that expanding capitalism tends to turn women into: a. the owners of surplus labor. b. consumers. c. capitalists. d. nurses and teachers.

b. consumers.

Which of the following job categories has mostly women as workers? a. corporate managers b. elementary school teachers c. stone masons d. physicians

b. elementary school teachers

What type of feminism accepts the basic organization of U.S. society, but seeks to give women the same rights and opportunities as men? a. All of these are correct. b. liberal feminism c. socialist feminism d. radical feminism

b. liberal feminism

What type of feminism seeks to end patriarchy by eliminating the idea of gender itself? a. All of these are correct. b. radical feminism c. socialist feminism d. liberal feminism

b. radical feminism

In about what share of all cases of rape and attempted rape on U.S. college campuses does a woman know her attacker? a. 70 percent b. 50 percent c. 90 percent d. 30 percent

c. 90 percent

Female genital mutilation is most common in: a. Asia. b. Latin America. c. Africa. d. North America.

c. Africa.

Pornography is of concern to: a. conservatives who oppose it on moral grounds. b. liberals who oppose it as demeaning to women. c. All of these are correct. d. all people who seek to protect free speech and artistic expression.

c. All of these are correct.

Which factor accounts for the largest share of difference in the earnings of working women and men in the United States? a. gender discrimination in pay for the same work b. differences in family responsibilities c. differences in the type of work men and women do d. differences in education

c. differences in the type of work men and women do

What type of feminism links the social disadvantages of women to the capitalist economic system? a. liberal feminism b. All of these are correct. c. socialist feminism d. radical feminism

c. socialist feminism

In the U.S. work force, a. women have now equaled the pay of men. b. men and women have the same types of jobs. c. women are still concentrated in several categories of jobs. d. women now earn more money than men.

c. women are still concentrated in several categories of jobs.

Which factor accounts for the largest share of difference in the earnings of working women and men in the United States? a. gender discrimination in pay for the same work b. differences in family responsibilities c. differences in education d. differences in the type of work men and women do

d. differences in the type of work men and women do

In U.S. schools, courses in sociology typically enroll: a. equal numbers of women and men. b. more men than women. c. older men and younger women. d. more women than men.

d. more women than men.

Comparing the athletic performances of females and males over time shows: a. None of these is true. b. that male performances are improving faster than female performances. c. little or no change in female-male differences in performance. d. that women have been closing the gap with men in most athletic performances.

d. that women have been closing the gap with men in most athletic performances.

Intersection theory focuses on: a. ways in which men and women cooperate in the workplace. b. All of these are correct. c. migration of women from all over the world to the United States. d. the interplay of race, class, and gender often leading to multiple disadvantages.

d. the interplay of race, class, and gender often leading to multiple disadvantages.

The concept "comparable worth" refers to the idea that: a. the market system should determine the pay for any job. b. women should hold political offices in proportion to their numbers in the population. c. all jobs should be rewarded equally. d. women should receive the same pay as men for work that is equally important.

d. women should receive the same pay as men for work that is equally important.

In the United States, a majority of bachelor degrees are earned by men.

false

In the United States, women gained the right to vote in 1820.

false

Most sexual violence against women takes place in the workplace.

false

On average, males live longer than females.

false

Research shows that young males seem to have less mathematical ability but greater verbal ability than young females.

false

Women did not serve in the U.S. military until World War II.

false

A social-conflict account of the history of gender stratification was developed by Friedrich Engels.

true

Almost all of all secretaries in the United States are women.

true

Evidence from the Israeli kibbutzim suggests that cultures have considerable latitude in defining what is masculine and feminine.

true

George Murdock found that, in the case of many jobs, what one society considers "masculine" another may call "feminine."

true

In 2004, U.S. women earned 77 cents for every one dollar earned by men.

true

In the United States today, women working for income is the rule rather than the exception.

true

Most sociological research suggests that gender is largely a matter of culture, and thus is subject to change.

true

Over the course of the last century, it is probably correct to say that there was more change in women's labor force participation rate than in men's.

true

While playing in peer groups, girls tend to avoid "win-lose" games favored by boys.

true