121ethical

27. Concerns involving copyright infringement on books, movies and music, and illegally produced goods relate to which classification of ethical issue?

Intellectual Property Rights

6. The ability of a business organization to achieve its business goals is directly affected by whether its behavior is judged to be right or wrong by whom?

Its consumers and/or stakeholders (Judging right and wrong)

99. What might employees of the millennial generational cohort be more vulnerable to, in terms of ethical issues?

Lack basic literacy fundamentals, very short attention spans, not loyal to organization, demand immediate feedback and recognition, integrate technology into the workplace, expect to have many employers and multiple careers, work dress is whatever feels comfortable.

15. Investors are often concerned about business ethics because they know that misconduct can contribute to what?

Lower Stock Value and Prices

66. According to Kohlberg's model, as a person progresses through the stages of moral development, and with time, education, and experience, he/she ____.

May Change his/her values and ethical behavior

47. ____ is an aspect of the influence significant others can exercise over our ethical decision making process.

Obedience to authority

13. Employees' perceptions of their firm as having an ethical climate leads to what outcomes, in organizational settings?

Performance enhancing outcomes

29. When a commercial states that a product is superior to any other, the marketer risks accusations of being or doing what?

Puffery

33. ____ is one ____ method of obtaining trade secrets.

Remote Hacking, Illegal

2. The ____ was(were) enacted to restore confidence in financial reporting and business ethics after the accounting scandals of the early 2000s.

Sarbanes Oxley Act of 2002

22. The ____ model is founded in classic economics.

Shareholder model of corporate governance

4. The ____ focus(es) on firms taking action to prevent/detect misconduct in cooperation with government regulation.

The federal sentencing guidelines for organizations

11. In the Reagan/Bush eras, the major focus was on what, as it pertains to business ethics?

The major focus on the business world was on self-regulation rather than regulation by government

31. The ethical decision-making process begins when?

_When an individual recognizes that an ethical issue exists and can openly discuss it with others__.

44. The key to creating an organizational culture that supports business ethics include what elements? What elements lead to a culture of unethical behavior?

idk

86. According to the textbook and the article by Sekerka, a highly effective method of ethics training is one that does the following ____.

idk

91. Trace the four elements of the ethical decision-making process as described by Sekerka's model. Apply the model to a business situation or ethical issue you faced at work.

idk

94. Explain why it is important to go beyond compliance, using Sekerka's graphic from class to outline why targeting moral strength is critical.

idk

96. What is value-chain ethics, and why does it impose ethical vulnerability to the products consumers buy every day.

idk

84. Which of the following is a common mistake made in implementing an ethics program?

• Developing materials that do not address the needs of the average employee

49. A coaching leader builds a positive ethical climate by doing ____.

• Developing skills to foster long term success • Delegates responsibility • And is skillful in issuing challenging assignments

36. Affirmative action programs are described in what ways?

• Efforts to recruit, hire, train and promote qualified individuals from groups that have traditionally been discriminated against.

26. To avoid conflicts of interest, employees must do what?

• Employees must be able to separate their private interests from their business dealings. Organizations must also avoid potential conflicts of interest when providing products.

52. The key components of the ethical decision-making framework include ____.

• Ethical issue intensity • Individual factors • Organizational Factors • Opportunity

25. Ethical issues in business are defined by what or whom?

• Ethical issues are defined as a problem, situation or opportunity that requires an individual or group to choose among actions. • Ethical issues in business arise because of conflicts between individuals' personal moral philosophies and/or values and the values and attitudes of the organization in which they work and the society in which they live

61. What do strong ethical leaders need in order to make good decisions?

• Ethical leadership requires an understanding of the firm's visions and values • As well as the challenges of responsibility and the risk in achieving organizations objectives • Ethical leaders need both knowledge and experience to make decisions must have right kind of moral integrity • The passion to do right

77. Group norms do what for unethical/ethical business practices?

• Group norms held define acceptable and unacceptable behavior within a group. Business organizations will develop norms that govern rates of productions and communication with management as well provide a general understanding of behavior considered right or wrong, ethical or unethical within the group.

7. Identify top business ethics issues prevalent today.

• Issues with corporation non compliance • SOX (02) and FSGO reform (04) • Danger lack of misconduct discovery early • Basic assumptions of capitalism being debated

98. Describe several key takeaways from one of the guest speakers who visited your class this term.

• Lee Caraher - you can't expect to know what to do. Especially your boss - you cannot go rogue - if you want to make your own decisions you need to become your own boss.

76. The apathetic organizational culture exhibits what type of behavior?

• Minimal concern for people and performance

55. Those who have influence in a work group are referred to as significant others and include ____.

• Peers • Managers • Coworkers • subordinates

75. Which of the following statements about power is true?

• Power can be used to motivate individuals ethically or unethically

23. Describe and explain the difference between primary and secondary stakeholders.

• Primary stakeholders are those whose continued association is absolutely necessary for the firms survival being employees, customers, investors, shareholders • Secondary stakeholders do not typically engage directly in transactions with a company and are therefore not essential to its survival, these include the media, trade associations and special interest groups like the American association of retired people (AARP

70. Some people refer to Kohlberg's second stage, the stage of individual instrumental purpose and exchange, as the stage of ____.

• Reciprocity

35. According to the text a company can be sued for discrimination if it does what?

• Refuses to hire an individual for discriminatory reasons • Unreasonably excludes an individual from employment • Unreasonably discharges an individual • Discriminates against an individual with respect to hiring, employment terms, promotion, or privileges

81. A(n) ____ orientation creates order by requiring that employees identify with and commit to specific required conduct, whereas a(n) ____ orientation strives to develop shared standards.

Compliance, Value Orientation

21. Accountability, oversight, and control all fall under the definition and implementation of what?

Corporate governance,

39. ____ law not only prohibits specific actions such as fraud, theft, or securities trading violations, but also imposes fines or imprisonment as punishment for breaking the law.

Criminal Law

51. The ____ of a corporation can be defined as a set of values, beliefs, goals, norms, and ways to solve problems shared by members of an organization.

Culture

16. Most strong organizational climates usually focus on the core value of placing ____ interests first.

Customers

30. The first step toward understanding business ethics is to ____.

Develop ethical-issue policies

89. Which of the following is not a common value that should be included in a code of ethics?

Dishonesty

12. What are the benefits of being ethical and socially responsible in business?

Don't get in trouble with government protect the environment, instill confidence in stakeholders *Guesses Again*

73. The ____ important to business transactions and are defined as trust, self-control, empathy, fairness, and truthfulness.

Elements of virtue are

20. Minimizing the use of energy, reducing emissions and waste are issues of importance to which stakeholder group?

Environmental Groups

100. Outline and explain the key elements of what contributes to falling down the ethical slippery slope.

- Group justifies actions • Rules are vague and/or changing • Those in charge seem just • Compassionate leader becomes dictatorial • Small steps of unethical acts. Gradually increase in number and magnitude. • Acts that legitimize the group are rewarded • Models comply with ideology • Exiting is difficult

46. The perceived relevance/importance of an ethical issue to the individual, group, or organization is based upon ____.

Ethical issue intensity

48. People generally learn their values and principles through what means?

Family, Social Groups, Religions, Formal Education

54. When intentions and behavior are inconsistent with ethical judgments, the individual may feel ____.

Guilt

45. Describe the crucial element of "desire" in the ethical decision-making process. Why is this so important?

Idk

78. To motivate employees, an organization offers ____ to ____ employees to work toward ethical organizational objectives.

Incentives, Encourage

80. ____ are formal statements of what an organization expects in the way of ethical behavior.

Codes of Conduct

79. The ____ leader demands instantaneous obedience and focuses on punishing wrong behavior, achievement, initiative, and self-control.

Coercive

14. When employees see honesty, respect, and trust applied frequently in the workplace, what happens?

1.) Pressure on employees to compromise ethics standards, 2.) Less observed misconduct at work, 3.) Greater willingness to report misconduct, 4.) Greater satisfaction with their organizations response to misconduct they report, 5.) Great overall satisfaction with their organizations, 6.) Greater likelihood of feeling valued by their organizations.

83. Ethical decision making is influenced by ____.

1.) ethical intensity of the decision, 2.) the moral development of the manager 3.) ethical principles used to solve the problem

5. Individuals' personal ethics play a major role in the evaluation of business decisions, but in what way?

4. People with limited business experience suddenly find themselves making decisions about product quality, advertising, pricing, sales techniques, hiring practices and pollution control. The morals they learned from family, religion, and school may not provide specific guidelines for these complex business decisions.

19. Ethical misconduct and decisions that damage stakeholders will generally lead to what outcomes?

? Impacts a company's reputation from an investor, consumer perspective, confidence level and shareholder value

9. Because of Sarbanes-Oxley, publicly traded companies must develop ____ to create transparency in financial reporting.

Code of Ethics

92. Describe and apply the four moral competencies that support professional moral courage, as it relates to resolving an ethical issue in business.

A. Emotional signaling: being aware and in control of your emotions so that you can make ethical decisions B. Reflective pause: a time of reflection to think about the implications of your role in situations and be able to make better decisions in the future. C. Self-regulation: the ability to show restraint and moral-strength D. Moral Preparation: Being aware of ethical issues and how you would respond to them as they occur. Ethics requires commitment.

95. List three things you might say to yourself, right before you engage in an unethical act.

A. just this once B. I deserve it C. I'm just doing my job D. I have a right to.... E. Everyone's doing it F. Not my problem G. What's the big deal

17. Stakeholders' power over businesses stems from what?

Ability to withdraw or withhold resources

41. Which of the following is not considered a gatekeeper as it relates to the financial meltdown of 2008-2009?

Accounts, Lawyers, Financial rating companies, financial reporting agencies; All of the above are gatekeepers

87. Which of the following is not an appropriate goal of an ethics training program?

Allow employees to solve ethical issues themselves using their best judgement

50. If management fails to identify/educate employees about ethical problems, issues may not reach the critical ____.

Awareness level

8. The Foreign Corrupt Practices Act outlawed what specifically?

Bribery

32. ____ is associated with a hostile workplace where someone considered a target is threatened, harassed, belittled, or verbally abused.

Bullying

3. Define and explain the term business ethics. Be prepared to provide examples.

Business ethics comprises organization principles, values and norms that may originate from individuals, organization statements or from the legal system that primarily guide individual and group behavior in principle. Guides behavior in the world of business

38. ____ law defines the rights and duties of individuals and organizations (including businesses).

Civil Law

1. Define and explain social responsibility and the triple bottom line approach to business. Provide examples.

Short answer: essentially a contract with society Social responsibility is the organizations obligation to maximize its positive impact on stakeholders and minimize its negative impact. The triple bottom line provides a perspective that takes into account the social, environmental and financial impacts of decision made within an organization. When making an increased commitment to social responsibility, sustainability or ethics, companies consider implementing triple bottom line reporting as a way to confirm their investments and initiatives support their organizations values and overall success. Ex, Starbucks began selling reusable cups and installing recycling areas at the front of its company owned stores. The container store pays its average retail worker an average of 48,000.

57. The textbook suggests that ethical leadership should be based on what components?

Short awnser: 1.) Character 2.) Stewardship 3.) Experience • Strong personal character • A passion to do right • Proactive • Transparent • Competent managers • Consider stakeholder's interests • Role models for the orgs values • Involved in organization's values • Involved in organizational decision making • Take holistic view of the orgs ethical culture

62. Define, explain, and provide an example of moral philosophy.

Short awnser: the branch of philosophy concerned with ethics/ principles people use to decide what is right and wrong. • Utilitarian - person who offers a facilitation payment to secure a contract that will keep her company from going bankrupt and laying off hundreds of employees is likely using the utilitarian moral philosophy • Deontology; the relativist perspective - based on the premise that equal respect must be given to all persons. Focuses on the preservation of individual rights and on the intentions associated with a particular behavior rather than on its consequences • Teleology - evaluates the morality of action on the basis of its consequences. Acts are morally right or acceptable if they produce some desired result, such as realization or self-interest or utility. • Egoism - defines right or acceptable actions as those that maximize a particular persons' self-interest as defined by the individual • Relativist - evaluates ethicalness subjectively on the basis of individual and group experiences • Virtue ethics - assumes what is moral in a given situation is not only what conventional morality requires but also what the mature person with a 'good' moral character deems appropriate • Justice - evaluates ethicalness on the basis of fairness; distributive, procedural, and interactional

93. Compare and contrast teleology and Deontology as moral philosophies. Include how each philosophy is used to evaluate the morality of a particular activity, and offer an example of your analyses with a business ethics scenario.

Teleological philosophies assess the moral worth of a behavior by looking at its consequences, deontologists argue that there are some things we should not do, even to maximize utility. For example, Deontologists would consider it wrong to kill an innocent person or commit a serious injustice against someone no matter how much greater social utility might result from doing so because such an action would infringe on individual rights. the utilitarian( teologists) would consider an action resulting in a persons death acceptable if that action lead to the a greater benefit

37. Which of the following groups is not a group that receives special legal protections?

The Highly Educated

10. ____ is essential in building long-term relationships between businesses and consumers.

Trust

28. In marketing communications, lying causes predicaments for companies because it destroys what?

Trust

63. Of the moral philosophies, which one evaluates the morality of an action on the basis of its consequences for everyone affected (seeks the greatest good for the greatest number)?

Utilitarianism

88. In the long-run, a(n) ____-based orientation may be better for companies, perhaps because it increases employees' awareness of ethics issues at work.

Values

65. Which of the moral philosophies discussed in the text focuses on the rights of individuals and on the intentions associated with particular behaviors?

• Deontology

42. Investigations into the financial rating industry found that ____ contributed to ethical issues in banking and finance.

analysts cut corners when faved with less time to perform due diligence; analyst's ratings were inaccurate; many high ratings were based on inadequate historical data and analyst were overwhelmed with the volume and complexity of trades___ contributed to ethical issues in banking and finance. • Most analysts were completely untrained and unprepared to do their jobs

59. One habit of a strong ethical leader is having a passion.

to do right

58. A solution to a problem in personal character development, as suggested in the textbook, is ____.

to teach individuals intellectual skills that address the complexities of ethical issues in business

74. Expert power usually stems from what type of leader?

• A superior's credibility with his or her subordinates

82. For an ethical compliance program to properly function they must ____.

• Be consistent, enforcement and disciplinary action are essential

72. The stage of mutual interpersonal expectations, relationships, and conformity differs from the stage of individual instrumental purpose and exchange in terms of the individual's motives in what way?

• Considering fairness to others

43. Describe the Sarbanes-Oxley Act, outlining its pros and cons. Defend your view as to why it will or will not prevent another financial crisis.

• Sarbanes - Oxley Act made securities fraud a criminal offense and stiffened penalties for corpoarate fraud. Created an accounting oversight board that requires corporations to establish code of ethics for financial reporting and to develop greater transparency in financial reports to investors and other interested parties. Top execs must sigh off on their firms financial reports, and risk fins and long prison sentences if they misrepresent their companies financial position. • Pros: 1.) it discloses curial information to shareholders - was created to protect shareholders. 2.) Emphasizes the need for internal controls. • Cons 1.) it is costly - rules are the same for both large multinational companies and small public companies. 2.) its results in increased audit fees - the added expense from audits take a large toll in profit on the company.

67. An individual who defines what is right by considering his/her duty to society, not just to other specific people, is in which of Kohlberg's stages?

• Social System and conscience maintenance

64. Of the moral philosophies, which one evaluates the morality of an action on the basis of its consequences?

• Teleogy

24. Describe the elements of an ethical issue.

• The elements of the ethical decision making path are: • Ethical challenge • Desire • Decision • Ethical action

85. Organizations can become "bad barrels" not because of unethical individuals but because of ____.

• The pressure to succeed creates opportunities that reward unethical decisions

68. Which of the moral perspectives discussed in the text defines ethicalness subjectively from the experiences of individuals and groups?

• The relativist perspective

90. With regard to ethics, training and communication initiatives should reflect what?

• The unique characteristics of an organizations • Developing materials that do not address the needs of the average employee

69. Which moral philosophy is most appropriate for businesspeople to use in making decisions?

• There is no on "right" philosophy

53. Which of the following is not a habit of ethical leaders?

• They are primarily concerned with themselves

60. Which attribute of ethical leaders will not be effective unless the leader is personally involved in the key decisions that have ethical ramifications?

• Transparency

97. What's your favorite part of the class thus far, aside from studying for this midterm?

• my favorite part was the speaker, the nike debate and the discussions in class.