1220 Final!

Which explanation would the nurse provide when a patient states, "The doctor says I have hyperlipidemia. What does that mean?"

"Hyperlipidemia is an elevation of serum lipid levels."

Which hormone would the nurse associate with raising blood glucose levels?

-Cortisol -Glucagon -Epinephrine -Growth hormone

Which definition of atherosclerosis is most accurate?

A type of arteriosclerosis involving plaque formation

Which physiologic imbalance is the patient at risk for developing if he or she has chronically low hemoglobin?

Acidosis

Inhaled corticosteroids are typically used to treat which symptom of asthma?

Airway inflammation

Which substance causes the collecting tubules in the kidneys to reabsorb sodium as part of a blood pressure (BP) control system?

Aldosterone

Which treatment regimen is preferred to reduce blood pressure and keep the lipid profile within normal limits in a patient with atherosclerosis?

Amlodipine and atorvastatin

Which symptom might the nurse observe in a preoperative patient with anxiety? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Anger Crying Urinary frequency

Which respiratory condition is a potential complication associated with surgery? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Atelectasis Pneumonia Laryngeal edema

Which symptom would the nurse associate with autonomic neuropathy? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct

Atonic bladder, Dried cracked skin, Orthostatic HTN

Which action performed by the nurse during a physical assessment demonstrates an understanding of the cardiovascular system?

Auscultates the aortic valve in the second intercostal space at the right sternal border

Which assessment finding is associated with obstructive lung disease and not with interstitial lung disease?

Barrel Chest

Which two assessment findings are changes secondary to chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)?

Barrel chest & clubbing

Why are agonist and beta-adrenergic drugs ineffective in treating asthma in older adults?

Because of decreased sensitivity of receptors

When teaching a patient with diabetes, the nurse would teach the patient which action to implement on sick days?

Check urine for ketones when blood glucose is greater than 240 mg/dL. -Monitor blood glucose at least every 4 hours when sick

Which disorder is a lung disease that causes chronic airflow limitation? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Chronic bronchitis Intermittent asthma

Which finding will the nurse document when a patient reports a cramping sensation in the legs and buttocks after a walk that ceases after rest?

Claudication

Which two major categories are included in asthma medications?

Control and reliever

Which clinical manifestation prompts the nurse to suspect pulmonary edema in a patient with heart failure (HF)? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Crackles Dyspnea at rest Disorientation regarding time and place

Which oral medication lowers blood glucose levels by preventing kidney reabsorption of glucose and sodium filtered from the blood and allows excretion of the filtered glucose into the urine, rather than movement back into the blood?

Dapagliflozin

Which is a symptom of late stage aortic stenosis? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Debilitation Marked fatigue peripheral cyanosis

Which is an intended outcome of ultrafiltration when performed in a patient with renal dysfunction as a result of heart failure (HF)? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Decrease in cardiac filling pressures Reduction in norepinephrine Decrease in pulmonary arterial pressure

Which is a physiologic change of the cardiovascular system associated with aging?

Decrease in the number of pacemaker cells

Which factor may increase the risk for surgical or postoperative complications? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Diabetes Cardiac disease Antihypertensive drugs Age older than 65 years

Which method must a patient with diabetes implement regarding insulin safety?

Discard any used insulin after 28 days

Which information would the nurse include about nutrition when teaching a patient diagnosed with diabetes?

Eat consistent amounts of food at consistent times

Which clinical term describes a piece of a clot that travels from a deep leg vein and lodges in the pulmonary vein?

Embolus

Which pathologic process is present in most patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary disease (COPD)? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Emphysema & Bronchitis

Which distinguishing characteristic of glucagon would the nurse need to know when providing care for a patient with diabetes?

Glucagon triggers the release of glucose from cell storage sites.

Which class of medication can cause secondary hypertension?

Glucocorticoid

Which process converts proteins to glucose?

Gluconeogenesis

Which formula is used to calculate cardiac output?

Heart rate x stroke volume

Which electrolyte imbalance would the nurse anticipate for a patient with dehydration? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Hyperkalemia Hypernatremia

A patient admitted to the hospital is agitated, with a heart rate of 166 beats/min. Which electrolyte imbalance would the nurse suspect?

Hypernatremia

Which will the nurse identify in patient education as a modifiable risk factor for coronary heart disease?

Hypertension

which electrolyte imbalance would the nurse anticipate for a patient who is admitted with fluid volume overload? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Hypokalemia Hyponatremia Hypochloremia

Which clinical manifestation indicates the need for increased fluids in a patient with kidney failure?

Increased blood urea nitrogen (BUN

Clay-colored stools and dark urine are typically characteristic of which complication of viral hepatitis?

Intrahepatic obstruction

ACE & ARBS

LOWERS BP LISINOPRIL & LOSARTAN

Diuretics

LOWERS BP POTASSIUM WASTING & SPARING

DIGOXIN

LOWERS HR CARDIAC GLYCOSIDE

BETA BLOCKERS

LOWERS HR & BP ATENOLOL

CALCIUM CB

LOWERS HR & BP NIFEDIPINE, CARDIZEM, VERAPAMIL

For the patient with diabetes mellitus, which medication, if taken, protects the kidneys and helps prevent diabetic nephropathy

Lisinopril

Which condition may arise because of nasogastric tube drainage?

Metabolic Alkalosis

For a patient treated for cardiovascular disease and an increased risk for developing type 2 diabetes mellitus, on which health problem would the nurse focus the patient's assessment?

Metabolic Syndrome

Which medication would the nurse associate with lowering blood glucose levels by inhibiting liver glucose production, decreasing intestinal absorption of glucose, and increasing insulin sensitivity?

Metformin

Which complication of diabetes would the nurse recognize as a chronic complication?

Neuropathy Retinopathy Nephropathy

Which intervention can help slow the progression from mild chronic kidney disease to end-stage kidney disease? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct

Nutrient Therapy Fluid volume control prescription medications managing blood pressure

A patient is admitted with hypokalemia. Which assessment would the nurse complete first?

Obtaining a pulse oximetry reading

Which drug is used to reduce prolonged GI symptoms in postoperative patients?

Ondansetron

Which reason is the most important for prescribing inhaled, rather than oral, corticosteroids for patients with asthma?

Oral corticosteroids have more adverse effects.

Which side effect is common in patients taking metoprolol?

Orthostatic hypotension

Which condition may result from systemic atherosclerosis?

Peripheral arterial disease

Which laboratory result in a patient admitted with heart failure will the nurse report to the health care provider? Calcium 8.5 mEq/L Potassium 3.0 mEq/L Magnesium 2.1 mEq/L International Normalized Ratio (INR) of 1.0

Potassium 3.0 mEq/L

Which factor increases the risk for secondary hypertension? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Pregnancy, Oral contraceptive use, Kidney Disease

Which instruction would the nurse give the patient about preventing kidney problems? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Reduce the intake of carbonated soft drinks. Report any discomfort with the passage of urine. Have kidney function checked at least once a year. Report any change in frequency or volume of urine.

Which substance increases peripheral vascular resistance in patients with hypertension?

Renin

Which blood pressure control system is controlled by enzymes produced in the kidneys and lungs?

Renin-angiotensin-aldosterone system

Which vital sign is the most important for the nurse to monitor in a patient receiving general anesthesia in the postanesthesia care unit?

Respiratory Rate

A patient with diabetes mellitus is admitted after vomiting for several days and has rapid, deep respirations. Which process does the nurse suspect is occurring with this patient?

Respiratory compensation for metabolic acidosis

Which part of the eye exhibits vascular changes that provide a reliable index of the severity of hypertension?

Retina

Which structure of the heart receives deoxygenated venous blood and blood from the heart muscle?

Right Atrium (RA)

Which medication is an example of a long-acting beta2 agonist (LABA) used in asthma management?

Salmeterol

Which food is contraindicated in patients with povidone-iodine allergy?

Shellfish

Which category of medication is used as a rescue inhaler for a patient who is a marathon runner and who has asthma?

Short-acting beta agonists

Which factor increases the risk for primary hypertension? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Smoking & Hyperlipidemia

Which symptom would be found in a patient with respiratory muscle fatigue?

Sucked-in abdominal wall during inspiration

Which factor is a direct cause of peripheral arterial disease (PAD)?

Systemic atherosclerosis

Which nursing intervention will help prevent chronic fatigue in patients with chronic obstructive pulmonary diseases (COPD)?

Teaching the patient to not rush through morning activities

When the nurse teaches a group about the American Diabetes Association (ADA) recommendations for patient care, which statement indicates understanding of the recommendations?

The LDL cholesterol should be below 100 mg/dL for patients without signs of CVD

Which statement would the nurse associate with repaglinide?

The medication increases the secretion of insulin from the pancreas

Which complication would the nurse suspect in a patient who is experiencing air hunger, has uncoordinated breathing, has normal arterial blood gasses, and has a normal eosinophil count?

The patient has acute emphysema

Which reason is accurate as to why patients with asthma must avoid taking aspirin (ASA) or NSAIDs for pain or fever?

They allow increased production of leukotrienes.

Which description of arteriosclerosis is most accurate?

Thickening or hardening of the arterial wall

Which history and assessment finding may be associated with hypocalcemia? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

Tingling around the mouth Muscle spasm at rest in calf Recent blunt trauma to the throat

Which sign or symptom is significant in diagnosing asthma in a nonsmoker?

Wheezing

Which condition is believed to cause atherosclerosis?

blood vessel damage

Which early manifestation is expected for a patient with pulmonary edema?

crackles at the base of the lungs

Which clinical manifestation provides the best description of hyperglycemia in a patient with diabetes mellitus?

excessive urination

Which assessment finding indicates that a patient is dehydrated? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

fever poor skin tugor low blood pressure concentrated urine

Which is a symptom of left-sided heart failure? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

hacking cough oliguria during the day frothy, pink tinged sputum

Which problem is the patient who reports cramping in the leg muscles when walking to the mailbox experiencing?

intermittent claudication

Which intervention assists in slowing the progression of diabetic neuropathies?

maintain blood glucose levels

Which clinical manifestation would the nurse identify in a patient with type 2 diabetes mellitus?

obesity

For the patient with diabetes and extremely elevated blood glucose levels, which mechanism causes the resulting electrolyte imbalances?

osmotic diuresis

Which factor causes the greatest amount of complications for patients with atherosclerosis?

unstable plaque

Which assessment would the nurse perform to evaluate the effectiveness of rehydration therapy for a patient who was dehydrated? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct.

urinary output pulse rate & quality

Which laboratory test would the nurse associate with a screen for nephropathy in a patient with diabetes mellitus

urine for albumin

DILATORS

vasodilators (nitroglycerin)