12.3 DNA Replication

The enzyme that joins individual nucleotides to produce a new strand of DNA is called

DNA polymerase

The DNA that results from replication consists of

2 molecules that each contain one new strand and one original strand

In eukaryotes DNA replication begins at the

Dozens or even hundreds of places in the DNA molecule

7b what could be the result of damaged DNA being replicated?

If the DNA is originally damaged it would mean that we are recreating the damage. If you are mistaking lay copying DNA then you are creating a mutation.

7a review where and in what form is prokaryotic DNA found?

In prokaryotes a singular circular DNA molecule is found in the cytoplasm containing all the cells genetic information in eukaryotes DNA is found in the nucleus packed into chromosomes and eukaryotes have much more DNA than prokaryotes.

How does DNA replication differ in prokaryotic cells than in eukaryotic cells

In prokaryotic cells it starts in the cytoplasm while in eukaryotic cell s it starts in the nucleus In prokaryotes it starts at a single point while in eukaryotes it stared at various points.

Prokaryotes

Location- In the cytoplasm in a singular circular DNA Steps- in a single starting point a regulatory protein begins the unzipping process called S phase in 2 directions the products are 2 chromosomes that are attached to the cell membrane and separate when the cell separates. End process-

Eukaryotes

Location- In tightly packed chromosomes with proteins to form chromatins in the nucleus Steps - the unzipping may begin in several places proceeding in both directions until the chromosome is completely copied End product Products the 2 copies of DNA remain associated until the cell enters the prophase of mitosis and they separate when the cell separates in the anaphase of mitosis -

Replication

Prices of copying DNA prior to cell division.

DNA polymerase

Principle enzyme involved in DNA replication

Telomere

Repetitive DNA at the end of a eukaryotic chromosome

Before a cell divides it duplicates its DNA in a process called

Replication

6a How is DNA replicated?

Replication has started when a DNA molecule breaks the hydrogen bonds between the DNAs base paired, This separation produces 2 new complementary strands each strand is a template for the attachment of complementary bases the DNA polymerase replicates the sequence of the original DNA strand by adding complimentary bases the replication fork proceeds in both directions until the entire molecule has now been copied the cell is now ready to be divided. Two different enzymes 1.- the one that breaks the hydrogen bonds between the base pairs and starts the unwinding between the 2 strands of the base pairs the 2 strands then separate

DNA at the tips of chromosomes are known as

Telomeres

6b what is the role of DNA polymerase in DNA replication?

The DNA polymerase is the enzyme that joins individual nucleotides to produce a new strand of DNA it produces the sugar phosphate bonds that join the nucleotides together and it proof reads each new DNA strand so that each copy is a near perfect copy of the original.

What role does DNA polymerase play in copying DNA?

The enzymes that joins individual nucleotides to produce a new strand of DNA by producing the sugar phosphate bonds that join the nucleotides together It also proof reads the DNA strand so that each copy is the near perfect copy of the original