12a Personality

Along with Carl Rogers, _____ represented the humanistic perspective on personality.

Abraham Maslow

_____ emphasized the importance of unconditional positive regard in healthy personality development.

Carl Rogers

Dean's attorney sends him for a psychological evaluation before his court hearing. Dean is concerned because one of the tests that the psychologist administers is the Rorschach test. Which statement is MOST accurate?

Dean should be concerned because the Rorschach test has limited reliability and validity.

The _____ effect is the tendency to overestimate the extent to which others share our beliefs and behaviors.

False Consensus

Lately 5-year-old Adam has been acting strangely. He clings to his mother and expresses jealous feelings toward his father, almost as if his father is a rival for his mother's love. Freud would suggest that Adam is experiencing the _____ complex.

Oedipus

Gabe strives to be an efficient, task-oriented person. He is unhappy because he is struggling with procrastination and recreational distractions. In _____'s view, Gabe's dissatisfaction reflects his falling short of his _____.

Rogers; ideal self

According to Freud, the lingering focus of pleasure-seeking energies at an earlier stage of psychosexual development is called:

fixation

Kanesha meets with a therapist because she wants to do something about the path her life is taking. The doctor tells her to lie down on the couch, relax, and say whatever comes to mind. This psychoanalytic method is known as:

free association

The humanistic perspective fails to appreciate:

human capacity for evil.

Gavin was frequently ill as a child, which led him to miss out on many of the activities that his peers experienced. Adler would predict that Gavin would develop a(n) _____ complex.

inferiority

Jerry was frequently ill as a child, which led him to miss out on many of the activities that his peers experienced. Adler would predict that Jerry would develop a(n):

inferiority complex

Dr. Conway states that his research investigates the patterns of thinking, feeling, and acting that distinguish one person from another. Dr. Conway's research is MOST likely in the area of:

personality

Baumeister and colleagues (1998) found that people tend to see their foibles and attitudes in others. This is a phenomenon that Freud called:

projection

With respect to our understanding of personality, _____ came from _____.

psychodynamic theories; psychoanalysis

Bruce has been smoking since he was 15 years old. His doctor tells him that he needs to quit for his health. Bruce tells the doctor, "Look, smoking is the only bad thing I do, and besides, you have to die of something." This BEST illustrates the use of a defense mechanism known as:

rationalization

The humanistic perspective:

rejected both the psychoanalytic and behaviorist perspectives on personality.

Abraham Maslow suggested that individuals who are open, spontaneous, and not paralyzed by the opinions of others display:

self-actualization.

Dr. Haun developed a test that measures the amount of extrasensory perception (ESP) individuals exhibit. The test is found to be reliable, which means that:

this test measures something consistently but it may not be ESP.

Kate comes home with three A's and two B's, to which her mother replies, "Is that the best you could do?" and walks away. Rogers refers to this attitude as the opposite of:

unconditional positive regard.