1.3 Culture EAQ
Which ethnic group has a greater incidence of osteoporosis due to musculoskeletal differences? Irish Americans African Americans Chinese Americans Egyptian Americans
Chinese Americans Rationale Chinese Americans have an increased incidence of osteoporosis because they have shorter and smaller bones with lower bone density. Irish Americans have taller and broader bones than other Euro-Americans. African Americans have a decreased incidence of osteoporosis. Egyptian Americans are shorter in stature than Euro-Americans and African Americans.
A daughter of a Chinese-speaking client approaches a nurse and asks multiple questions while maintaining direct eye contact. What culturally related concept does the daughter's behavior reflect? Prejudice Stereotyping Assimilation Ethnocentrism
Assimilation Rationale Assimilation involves incorporating the behaviors of a dominant culture. Maintaining eye contact is characteristic of the American or Canadian culture and not of Asian cultures. Prejudice is a negative belief about another person or group and does not characterize this behavior. Stereotyping is the perception that all members of a group are alike. Ethnocentrism is the perception that one's beliefs are better than those of others.
A client who only speaks Spanish is being cared for at a hospital in which nursing personnel only speak English. What communication technique would be appropriate for the nurse to use when discussing healthcare decisions with the client? Contact an interpreter provided by the hospital. Contact the client's family member to translate for the client. Communicate with the client using Spanish phrases the nurse learned in a college course. Communicate with the client with the use of a hospital-approved Spanish dictionary.
Contact an interpreter provided by the hospital. Rationale Interpreters provided by the healthcare organization should be used to communicate with clients with limited English proficiency to ensure accuracy of communicated information. In hospital settings, it is not suitable for family members to translate healthcare information, but they can assist with ongoing interactions during the client's care. The other options do not ensure accurate interpretation of language.
A multigravida of Asian descent weighs 104 lb (47.2 kg), having gained 14 pounds (6.4 kg) during the pregnancy. On her second postpartum day, the client is withdrawn and eating very little from the meals provided. Which intervention is most important for the nurse to implement? Report these findings to the healthcare provider. Encourage the family to bring in special foods preferred in their culture. Order a high-protein milkshake to supplement between meals. Call the dietitian to work with client to plan high calorie meals for the client to eat.
Encourage the family to bring in special foods preferred in their culture. Rationale In family-centered childbearing, care should be adapted to the client's cultural needs and preferences whenever possible. Discussing the problem with the healthcare provider is the nurse's responsibility but will not address the client's preferences. Ordering a high-protein milkshake as a between-meal snack may offer the client an option but is unlikely to meet the cultural preferences. Having the dietitian assist with planning meals does not address the underlying problem.
What does the professional nurse consider to be the center of decision-making when providing client care? Ethics of care Nursing skills Analytical skills Research based practice
Ethics of care Rationale A professional nurse always follows the ethics of care and considers caring to be the center of decision-making. The nurse must know what behavior is ethically appropriate while caring for a client. A nurse's effectiveness in performing tasks is important to client care; however, client satisfaction comes from the effective dimension of care. Because ethics of care are unique to each client, the nurse should not base decision-making only on analytical skills. The nurse should not provide client care based only on intellectual principles or research knowledge. Caring is the most important factor because it considers client preferences and values.
After determining that the nurses on the psychiatric unit are uncomfortable caring for clients who are from different cultures than their own, the nurse manager establishes a unit goal that by the next annual review the unit will have achieved what? Increased cultural sensitivity Decreased cultural imposition Decreased cultural dissonance Increased cultural competence
Increased cultural competence Rationale Cultural competence encompasses sensitivity as well as knowledge, desire, and skill in caring for those who are different from one's self. The nurses are already somewhat sensitive to those from different cultures and now must move forward in their ability to care for these clients. The nurses are not imposing their culture on the clients; they are avoiding them. There is no clashing of cultures in this situation.
What should a nurse consider about the past experiences of clients who have immigrated to this country? It affects all of their inherited traits. There will be little impact on their lives today. It is important that their values be assessed first. How they will interact is permanently established.
It is important that their values be assessed first. Rationale Past experiences are important and must be recognized because they help set the individual's values throughout life. Past experiences will not affect inherited traits. Past experiences play an important role in an individual's life. Nothing establishes how an individual responds forever; new experiences continue to influence future responses.
The nurse is caring for an Asian-American client with a diagnosis of depression. While interviewing this client the nurse notes that the client maintains traditional cultural beliefs and values. What is the most important information for the nurse to obtain about the client? Dietary practices Concept of space Immigration status Role within the family
Role within the family Rationale If an Asian-American client adheres to traditional Asian practices, the nurse must recognize that the family is the central and most important social force acting on the individual. Dietary practices, concept of space, and immigration status are not as significant as family dynamics.
A woman who has just delivered an infant asks to take the placenta home with her upon discharge. What is the most appropriate response by the nurse? "I'll wrap that right up for you." "I'm sorry, but you can't do that." "I'll give it to you for your husband to take home now." "I need to check the hospital protocol for our policy on that practice."
"I need to check the hospital protocol for our policy on that practice." Rationale The placenta is a part of the body and therefore contains body fluids. It must first be assessed by the healthcare provider to be sure that it is not infected and to be sure that all parts of the placenta have been accounted for. The nurse must follow hospital policy regarding the release of the placenta to the family. All necessary documentation must be signed and the policies must be followed before the release of the placenta to the family.
An African-American woman is diagnosed with primary hypertension. She asks, "Is hypertension a disease of African-American people?" What is the nurse's best response? "The prevalence of hypertension is about equal for women of all races." "The higher-risk population is composed of African-American men and women." "The highest-risk population consists of older Caucasian-American men and women." "The prevalence of hypertension is greater for African-American men than for African-American women."
"The higher-risk population is composed of African-American men and women." Rationale African-Americans represent a higher-risk population than Caucasian-Americans for hypertension; the reason is unknown. African-American women are more frequently affected by hypertension than are Caucasian women. African-Americans of both sexes have a higher prevalence than Caucasian-Americans of both sexes. African-American women have a higher risk than African-American men.
During a routine checkup a client reports concerns over weight gain despite trying juice cleanses and other trend diets. The nurse records the client's weight and BMI at a healthy range, but the client states, "I wish I were as thin as my co-workers." The client is at risk for what culturally-bound condition? Neurasthenia Anorexia nervosa Shenjing shuairuo Ataque de nervios
Anorexia nervosa Rationale Anorexia nervosa is a Western culture-bound eating disorder characterized by obsession with body image. A client who continues to follow weight loss diets despite being a healthy weight may be at risk for malnutrition. The client with neurasthenia may feel a lack of energy but not necessarily from following a strict diet to maintain body image. Shenjing shuairuo is a condition associated with Chinese culture that focuses on a weakness of nerves and is not associated with eating disorders or body image. Ataque de nervios is a Latino-Caribbean culture-bound syndrome and is not associated with body image.
The nurse is assessing a Latino-Caribbean client who was brought to the hospital by family members. The family reports the client started crying, shouting, trembling, had uncontrolled jerking of the extremities, and then fell into a trance-like state. What condition does the nurse suspect? Bulimia nervosa Anorexia nervosa Shenjing shuairuo Ataque de nervios
Ataque de nervios Rationale Ataque de nervios is a Latino-Caribbean culture-bound syndrome that usually happens in response to specific stressors. This culture-bound syndrome is characterized by crying, uncontrollable spasms, trembling, shouting, dissociation, and trance-like states. Bulimia nervosa and anorexia nervosa are culture-bound syndromes in the form of eating disorders, but they are not characterized by crying, spasms, and shouting. Shenjing shuairuo is not associated with the Latino-Caribbean culture; instead, it is associated with Chinese culture.
A nurse understands that value clarification is a technique useful in therapeutic communication because initially it helps clients do what? Become aware of their personal values Gain information related to their needs Make correct decisions related to their health Alter their value systems to make them more socially acceptable
Become aware of their personal values Rationale Value clarification is a technique that reveals individuals' values so the individuals become more aware of them and their effect on others. Gaining information, making correct health decisions, and altering value systems to make them more socially acceptable are not outcomes of value clarification.
How can the lines of communication be improved in a healthcare organization during the process of delegation? By considering all aspects of client care By selecting experienced nursing assistants as delegatees By appreciating and valuing each other's cultural perspectives By selecting a delegatee having similar strengths as that of the delegator
By appreciating and valuing each other's cultural perspectives Rationale The lines of communication in a healthcare organization can be improved by appreciating and valuing each other's cultural perspectives, which balances strengths between the delegator and delegatee and improves client care outcomes. Considering all aspects of client care ensures that all of the client care needs are addressed. Selecting experienced nursing assistants as delegatees increases the chances of the delegatee to adapt to changing situations. Selecting a delegatee having similar strengths as that of the delegator may decrease the lines of communication because the delegatee might do the task of the delegator.
A resident in a nursing home recently immigrated to the United States (Canada) from Italy. How does the nurse plan to provide emotional support? By offering choices consistent with the client's heritage By assisting the client in adjusting to American culture By ensuring that the client understands American beliefs By correcting the client's misconceptions about appropriate health practices
By offering choices consistent with the client's heritage Rationale Adherence to a plan of care is enhanced by the nurse's providing choices consistent with the client's cultural beliefs and practices. The nurse's cultural or personal beliefs and biases should not influence or interfere with the implementation of appropriate care. Helping the client adjust to American culture is not the priority at this time; care should be adapted to the client's needs and culture. The person's cultural practices should not be addressed unless they are detrimental to the person's health.
A hospice nurse is caring for a dying client and the client's family members during the developing awareness stage of grief. What is the most important thing about the family that the nurse should assess before providing care? Cohesiveness Educational level Cultural background Socioeconomic status
Cultural background Rationale During the developing awareness stage of grief the degree of anguish experienced or expressed is influenced by the cultural background of the individual and family. Although cohesiveness does enter into the grief process, it is not as important in the developing awareness stage as cultural background is. Educational level has no relationship to the grieving process. Socioeconomic status is not a defining factor in how a family will respond to the loss of a loved one.
A pregnant immigrant notices cultural differences in the way that pregnant women are cared for where she now lives. Which component of cultural competence is being demonstrated when the nurse motivates the immigrant to accept these differences? Cultural desire Cultural awareness Cultural knowledge Cultural encounters
Cultural desire Rationale The nurse is using cultural desire as a part of cultural competence. This component is related to motivation and commitment towards the care of an individual. Through this, an immigrant may become open to cultural differences and accept them. Cultural awareness is an in-depth self-examination of backgrounds and recognizing biases and prejudices. Cultural knowledge is a comparative study about the beliefs and care practices of other cultures. Cultural encounter is about transcultural interactions for effective communication and development.
The nurse leader states, "The people in rural America dress and act differently from those in urban centers." What concept describes this statement? Acculturation Ethnocentrism Cultural imposition Cultural marginality
Cultural marginality Rationale Cultural marginality is defined as situations and feelings of passive betweenness when people exist between two different cultures. refers to adapting to a particular culture. It is a process by which a person becomes a competent participant in the dominant culture. Ethnocentrism refers to the belief that one's own ways are the best, most superior, or preferred ways to act, believe, or behave. Cultural imposition is defined as the tendency of an individual or group to impose their values, beliefs, and practices on another culture for varied reasons.
An Asian client arrives at the mental health clinic with symptoms of anxiety and panic. While speaking with the client, the nurse notes that the client makes very little eye contact. What does this assessment data suggest? Shyness Cultural variation Symptom of depression Shame regarding treatment
Cultural variation Rationale As a show of respect, people in Asian cultures tend to make little eye contact, particularly with people perceived as authority figures. A lack of eye contact may connote shyness in some clients, but further assessment is needed. A lack of eye contact may suggest a depressed mood; however, there is no indication of depression in this client. A lack of eye contact may indicate shame or low self-esteem in the American culture; however, it is important not to make this same interpretation of behavior for someone from another culture.
A 5-year-old child who is newly arrived from Latin America attends a nursery school where everyone speaks English. The child's mother tells the nurse that her child is no longer outgoing and has become very passive in the classroom. What is the probable reason for the child's behavior? Culture shock Social immaturity Experience of discrimination Lack of interest in school activities
Culture shock Rationale The child learned to think and solve problems in a different culture and language and may feel helpless in the new classroom. There are no data to indicate that social immaturity, discrimination, or lack of interest is the precipitating factor for the child's behavior.
Why is it important for a nurse in the prenatal clinic to provide nutritional counseling to all newly pregnant women? Most weight gain is caused by fluid retention. Different cultural groups favor different essential nutrients. Dietary allowances should not increase throughout pregnancy. Pregnant women must adhere to a specific pregnancy dietary regimen.
Different cultural groups favor different essential nutrients. Rationale The nurse should become informed regarding the cultural eating patterns of clients so that foods containing the essential nutrients that are part of these dietary patterns may be included in the diet. Fluid retention is only one component of weight gain; growth of the fetus, placenta, breasts, and uterus also contributes to weight gain. The need for calories and nutrients increases during pregnancy. Pregnancy diets are not specific; they are composed of the essential nutrients.
During a survey, the community nurse meets a client who has not visited a gynecologist after the birth of her second child. The client says that her mother or sister never had annual gynecologic examinations. Which factor is influencing the client's health practice? Spiritual belief Family practices Emotional factors Cultural background
Family practices Rationale Family practices influence the client's perception of the seriousness of diseases. The client does not feel the need to seek preventive care measures because no family member practices preventive care. The client is not influenced by spiritual beliefs in this instance. An individual's spiritual beliefs and religious practices may restrict the use of certain forms of medical treatment. Emotional factors such as stress, depression, or fear may influence an individual's health practice; however, this client does not show signs of being affected by emotional factors. The client is said to be influenced by cultural background if he or she follows certain beliefs about the causes of illness and uses customary practices to restore health.
The nurse is caring for an African American client with renal failure. The client states that the illness is a punishment for sins. Which cultural health belief does the client communicate? Yin/Yang balance Biomedical belief Determinism belief Magicoreligious belief
Magicoreligious belief Rationale An African American client may have magicoreligious beliefs, which focuses on hexes or supernatural forces that cause illness. Such clients may believe that illness is a punishment for sins. The yin/yang belief system does not consider illness as a punishment. The biomedical belief system maintains that health and illness are related to physical and biochemical processes with disease being a breakdown of the processes. The belief of determinism focuses on outcomes that are externally preordained and cannot be changed.
The nurse is caring for an Asian client who had a laparoscopic cholecystectomy six hours ago. When asked whether there is pain, the client smiles and says, "No." What should the nurse do? Monitor for nonverbal cues of pain Check the pressure dressing for bleeding Assist the client to ambulate around his room Irrigate the client's nasogastric tube with sterile water
Monitor for nonverbal cues of pain Rationale Asian clients tend to be stoic regarding pain and usually do not acknowledge pain; therefore, the nurse should assess these clients further. This type of surgery does not require pressure dressings. First, the client must be assessed further for pain. If there is pain, the client should ambulate after, not before, receiving pain medication. Postoperatively, nasogastric tubes are irrigated when needed, not routinely.
A client who has a hemoglobin of 6 gm/dL (60 mmol/L) is refusing blood because of religious reasons. What is the most appropriate action by the nurse? Call the chaplain to convince the client to receive the blood transfusion. Discuss the case with coworkers. Notify the primary healthcare provider of the client's refusal of blood products. Explain to the client that they will die without the blood transfusion.
Notify the primary healthcare provider of the client's refusal of blood products. Rationale The nurse serves as an advocate for the client to uphold their wishes. Synthetic blood products are available but must be prescribed by the primary healthcare provider. Therefore the primary healthcare provider needs to be notified of the client's refusal for blood so alternatives can be considered. The chaplain's role is to offer support, not to convince the client to go against beliefs. It is a Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) (Canada: Personal Health Information Protection Act [PHIPA]) violation to discuss the case with coworkers unless they are involved in the care of the client. The nurse should not use threats or fear to coerce the client.
A nurse understands that when a client is a member of a different ethnic community it is important to do what? Ensure that the nurse's biases are understood by the family. Make plans to counteract the client's misconceptions about therapies. Offer a therapeutic regimen compatible with the lifestyle of the family. Recognize that the client's responses will be similar to other clients' responses.
Offer a therapeutic regimen compatible with the lifestyle of the family. Rationale The client cannot be expected to accept or even respond to a plan that is incompatible with the family's lifestyle. The family should not have to adjust to the nurse's biases; the nurse must self-identify biases and ensure that they do not interfere with nursing care. There is no evidence that misconceptions will occur. All individuals respond differently to situations.
A foreign language-speaking client needs to undergo chemotherapy; a signed consent form is required. What should the nurse do to explain the terms of the consent to the client? Seek the help of an official interpreter. Seek the help of the primary healthcare provider to assist the client. Seek help from the client's family friend who speaks the client's language. Seek help from the client's caregiver who speaks the same language as the client.
Seek the help of an official interpreter. Rationale The nurse should seek the help of an official interpreter to explain the terms of consent to the client. The nurse should not ask for the primary healthcare provider's assistance because he or she might not know the language. The nurse should not seek help from the client's family friend who speaks the language because he or she is not authorized to interpret health information. The nurse should not seek help from the client's caregiver who speaks the same language because he or she should not interpret health information.
The preschool-age client is learning sociocultural mores. What should this imply to the nurse regarding this client? The child is developing a conscience. The child is learning about gender roles. The child is developing a sense of security. The child is learning about the political process.
The child is developing a conscience. Rationale Learning the sociocultural mores of the family implies that the child is developing a conscience. This does not imply that the child is learning gender roles, developing a sense of security, or learning about the political process.
Obesity in children is an ever-worsening problem. What concept should a nurse consider when caring for school-aged children who are obese? Enjoyment of specific foods is inherited. There are familial influences on childhood eating habits. Childhood obesity is usually not a predictor of adult obesity. Children with obese parents are destined to become obese themselves.
There are familial influences on childhood eating habits. Rationale Studies have demonstrated that culture and family eating habits have an impact on a child's eating habits. Inheritance is not known to influence eating habits, although it is believed that other hereditary factors are associated with obesity. Childhood obesity is a known predictor of adult obesity. Children with obese parents are not necessarily destined to become obese themselves.
A nurse is caring for an adult client who immigrated to this country 5 years ago. What does the nurse know about the past experiences of clients who have immigrated to this country? They affect their inherited traits. They have little effect on their lives today. They are important in assessment of their values. They establish personal interactions throughout life.
They are important in assessment of their values. Rationale Past experiences are important and must be recognized because they set the parameters for the individual's enduring values throughout life. Past experiences do not affect inherited traits. Past experiences play an important role in an individual's life. Nothing establishes how an individual responds over a lifetime; new experiences continue to influence future responses.