1.3 Neuroglial Cells

If a peripheral nerve axon is severed in an injury, the ____ ____ grow ahead of the axon, creating a path for the axon to follow as it grows.

If a peripheral nerve axon is severed in an injury, the SCHWANN CELLS grow ahead of the axon, creating a path for the axon to follow as it grows.

In the peripheral nervous system, the cell bodies of neurons are grouped together in masses called ____, which are part of a single ____.

In the peripheral nervous system, the cell bodies of neurons are grouped together in masses called GANGLIA which are part of a single NERVE.

It is possible in many cases for axons to regrow after an injury to a peripheral nerve; although, the growth is very ____.

It is possible in many cases for axons to regrow after an injury to a peripheral nerve; although, the growth is very SLOW.

A nerve consists of hundreds of thousands of axons wrapped together in a ____ ____.

A nerve consists of hundreds of thousands of axons wrapped together in a CONNECTIVE TISSUE.

____ control the chemical environment of neurons by wrapping around the blood capillaries.

ASTROCYTES control the chemical environment of neurons by wrapping around the blood capillaries.

Although neurons themselves cannot regenerate, ____ in the peripheral nervous system under certain circumstances can ____.

Although neurons themselves cannot regenerate, AXONS in the peripheral nervous system under certain circumstances can REGROW.

At these exposed nodes, the nerve impulse is forced to jump to the next node in a manner called ____ ____, greatly increasing the nerve impulse transmission along the axon.

At these exposed nodes, the nerve impulse is forced to jump to the next node in a manner called SALTATORY CONDUCTION, greatly increasing the nerve impulse transmission along the axon.

____ is a clear fluid that only circulates in the brain and spinal cord.

CSF is a clear fluid that only circulates in the brain and spinal cord.

____ ____ circulate cerebrospinal fluid and allow fluid exchange between brain, spinal cord, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

EPENDYMAL CELLS circulate cerebrospinal fluid and allow fluid exchange between brain, spinal cord, and cerebrospinal fluid (CSF).

Microglial cells protect the CNS by scavenging ____ ____ and infectious microorganisms.

Microglial cells protect the CNS by scavenging DEAD CELLS and infectious microorganisms.

____ ____ of the central nervous system (CNS) include ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglial cells.

NEUROGLIAL CELLS of the central nervous system (CNS) include ependymal cells, oligodendrocytes, astrocytes, and microglial cells.

____ cells are highly important for neuron function.

NEUROGLIAL cells are highly important for neuron function.

____ cells help to support neurons to enable them to thrive in their needed environment.

NEUROGLIAL cells help to support neurons to enable them to thrive in their needed environment.

Neuroglial cells are support cells for ____.

Neuroglial cells are support cells for NEURONS.

Neurons require a highly specific environment to ____ and ____ electrical impulses efficiently.

Neurons require a highly specific environment to SURVIVE and CONDUCT electrical impulses efficiently.

_____ act as the insulation for central nervous system axons.

OLIGODENROCYTES act as the insulation for central nervous system axons.

____ ____ surround the cell bodies of peripheral neurons, helping to regulate the cell body environment.

SATELLITE CELLS surround the cell bodies of peripheral neurons, helping to regulate the cell body environment

Schwann cells are a special type of neuroglial cell found in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and composed of a white fatty layer called the ____ ____, which is rolled around the axon, insulating the nerve fiber from others and increasing the speed of ____ ____.

Schwann cells are a special type of neuroglial cell found in the peripheral nervous system (PNS) and composed of a white fatty layer called the MYELIN SHEATH, which is rolled around the axon, insulating the nerve fiber from others and increasing the speed of NERVE IMPULSES.

The Schwann cell insulating sections are not continuous, having gaps between them called ____ of ____.

The Schwann cell insulating sections are not continuous, having gaps between them called NODES of RANVIER.

The peripheral nerve axon is coated in short sections called ____ cells.

The peripheral nerve axon is coated in short sections called SCHWANN cells

The process of peripheral nerves regenerating the axon length is called ____ ____.

The process of peripheral nerves regenerating the axon length is called AXONAL REGENERATION.

There are also ____ fibers, which are common in the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord, in which the Schwann cells do not wrap around the axon but are just loosely associated with the ____.

There are also UNMYELINATED fibers, which are common in the gray matter of the brain and spinal cord, in which the Schwann cells do not wrap around the axon but are just loosely associated with the AXON.

This physical barrier is called the ____ ____ barrier, allowing the passage of only certain substances into the central nervous system.

This physical barrier is called the BLOOD BRAIN barrier, allowing the passage of only certain substances into the central nervous system.