13th- Documentary Vocabulary Assignment.

Jim Crow Laws

"Jim Crow" by 1838 had become a pejorative expression meaning "Negro". When southern legislatures passed laws of racial segregation directed against blacks at the end of the 19th century

13th Ammendment

"Neither slavery nor involuntary servitude, except as a punishment for crime whereof the party shall have been duly convicted, shall exist within the United States, or any place subject to their jurisdiction." Formally abolishing slavery in the United States, the 13th Amendment was passed by the Congress on January 31, 1865, and ratified by the states on December 6, 1865.

Police Militarization

"the process whereby civilian police increasingly draw from, and pattern themselves around, the tenets of militarism and the military model

Voting Rights act

A law passed at the time of the civil rights movement. It eliminated various devices, such as literacy tests, that had traditionally been used to restrict voting by black people

Superpredator

A youth who repeatedly commits violent crimes as a result of being raised without morals

Constitutional Amendment

Amendments are the only way to change the constitution. The purpose of amendments is to provide a law with the protection of the federal government. States are unable to pass any law that violates with an amendment. Constitutional amendments allow the congress or people of the united states to override the ruling of the supreme court that the enactment of a law would be unconstitutional

1994 Federal Crime Bill(clinton)

Clinton signed into law the largest piece of criminal justice legislation in U.S. history—the Violent Crime Control and Law Enforcement Act, commonly known as the Crime Bill. It was, in part, a response to public anxiety about crime.

Bill of Rights

The Bill of Rights is the collective name for the first ten amendments to the United States Constitution.

US Constitution

The U.S. Constitution established America's national government and fundamental laws, and guaranteed certain basic rights for its citizens

3- Strikes Law (California)

The essence of the Three Strikes law was to require a defendant convicted of any new felony, having suffered one prior conviction of a serious felony to be sentenced to state prison for twice the term otherwise provided for the crime.

Freedom Riders

a person who challenged racial laws in the American South in the 1960s, originally by refusing to abide by the laws designating that seating in buses be segregated by race

Protest

a statement or action expressing disapproval of or objection to something.

Lynching

especially by hanging, for an alleged offense with or without a legal trial

Civil Rights Act

is a landmark piece of civil rights and US labor law legislation in the United States that outlawed discrimination based on race, color, religion, sex, or national origin.

Mass Incarceration

is a term used by historians and sociologists to describe the substantial increase in the number of incarcerated people in United States' prisons over the past forty years, from 1970 to 2005 the number of inmates has risen 700%

Privatization

is the process of transferring an enterprise or industry from the public sector to the private sector. The public sector is the part of the economic system that is run by government agencies.

Southern Strategy

refers to methods the Republican Party used to gain political support in the South by appealing to the racism against African Americans harbored by many southern white voters

Mandatory Minimum Sentences

require automatic, minimum prison terms for certain crimes. Most mandatory minimum sentences apply to drug offenses, but Congress has enacted them for other crimes, including certain gun, pornography, and economic offenses.

War on Drugs

series of actions tending toward a prohibition of illegal drug trade. It is a campaign adopted by the U.S. government along with the foreign military aid and with the assistance of participating countries, to both define and to end the import, manufacture, sale, and use of illegal drugs..

Segregation

the action or state of setting someone or something apart from other people or things or being set apart. This legislation: Increases federal penalties for many crimes, including adding new offenses that can be punished by death.

Emancipation

the fact or process of being set free from legal, social, or political restrictions; liberation

Capital Punishment

the legally authorized killing of someone as punishment for a crime