14.3 Major Depressive Disorder and Bipolar Disorder

Bipolar disorder strikes less often among those who rely on _____ and logic.

precision

Marnie suffers from depression. Her physician has placed her on an antidepressant that will help to increase her _____ supplies by blocking reuptake so that her receptor sites get enough of this neurotransmitter.

serotonin

The risk of _____ is greatest for those diagnosed with depression when they begin to rebound and feel capable of following through with their plans.

suicide

The connection between artistic ability and bipolar disorder has been explored at length. Research findings indicate:

there is a relationship between bipolar disorder and creativity.

About one out of every _____ people diagnosed with depression is simply struggling with the emotional impact of a significant loss.

four

The social-cognitive perspective has linked the experience of depression with _____.

learned helplessness

The fact that stress contributes to major depressive disorder means that the disorder is:

likely due to both genes and environment.

"He is slow as molasses" might be a good way to describe the energy level of people suffering from:

major depressive disorder.

For the past four weeks, 20-year-old Odessa has been feeling lethargic and worthless. Her friends are worried because she no longer shows interest in her normal social activities. It is very likely that Odessa is suffering from:

major depressive disorder.

Elaine feels that her life is empty. Over the last few months, she has lost interest in her career and hobbies, and she wonders if she would be better off dead. She is MOST likely suffering from:

. Major Depressive Disorder

If someone asks you whether schizophrenia is inherited, how might you respond based on what you learned in this activity?

Schizophrenia is indeed inherited. An identical twin with schizophrenia is more likely than a fraternal twin with schizophrenia to share that diagnosis with his or her twin sibling. Although schizophrenia is inherited, we need to keep in mind the environmental factors that can increase the likelihood of a diagnosis, including exposure to a prenatal virus.

Karl is a prolific painter. However, he is also prone to periods of hopelessness and depression, which are followed by periods of hyperactivity. It is very likely that Karl is suffering from:

bipolar disorder.

bipolar disorder:

a disorder in which a person alternates between the hopelessness and lethargy of depression and the overexcited state of mania. (Formerly called manic-depressive disorder.)

major depressive disorder:

a disorder in which a person experiences, in the absence of drugs or another medical condition, two or more weeks with five or more symptoms, at least one of which must be either (1) depressed mood or (2) loss of interest or pleasure.

mania:

a hyperactive, wildly optimistic state in which dangerously poor judgment is common.

Jill suffers from depression. However, she tends to be depressed in the fall or winter but not during the spring and summer months. This is called:

a seasonal pattern.

rumination:

compulsive fretting; overthinking about our problems and their causes.

Tay is a 37-year-old African-American female previously diagnosed with bipolar disorder. She currently appears to be experiencing an episode of mania. Her psychiatrist orders blood work and a PET scan. The imaging is likely to show:

an abnormally high level of activity across the brain.

Eeyore, a character in the Winnie the Pooh series by E. E. Milne, speaks slowly, has a pessimistic view, and often doesn't wish to participate in social activities. These behaviors suggest that the character suffers from:

depression.

Sam, a 16-year-old boy, has been feeling hopeless, has difficulty concentrating, and experiences chronic sadness. How likely is he to share this information with his parents?

It is very unlikely.

Researchers have reported which of the following regarding suicide?

Suicide rates are much higher among people who are wealthy, nonreligious, and unmarried. Women are much more likely than men to attempt suicide. Whites and Native Americans kill themselves twice as often as Blacks, Hispanics, and Asians.