14.4 Schizophrenia and Other Disorders

The relationship between the season in which people are born and their subsequent risk of schizophrenia best highlights the role of _____ in this disorder.

viral infections

Jamal is concerned about his neighbor, Paul. Paul recently killed a cat and hid the body under his front porch. When confronted, he was not sorry and did not seem bothered by his actions. _____ personality disorder may be an appropriate diagnosis for Paul.

anti social

A person with _____ disorder is aggressive, ruthless, and shows no sign of the conscience that would inhibit wrongdoing.

antisocial personality

Bob has never been able to keep a job. He has been in and out of jail for theft, sexual assault, and spousal abuse. Bob would MOST likely be diagnosed as having:

antisocial personality disorder.

Despite having several features in common, what is the primary distinction between anorexia nervosa and bulimia nervosa?

Those suffering from anorexia nervosa are drastically underweight, while those suffering from bulimia nervosa are within or above the normal range.

One of the hallmarks of schizophrenia is disorganized speech. Theorists suggest that people with such disorganized speech may have:

a breakdown in selective attention.

delusion:

a false belief, often of persecution or grandeur, that may accompany psychotic disorders.

chronic schizophrenia: (also called process schizophrenia)

a form of schizophrenia in which symptoms usually appear by late adolescence or early adulthood. As people age, psychotic episodes last longer and recovery periods shorten.

acute schizophrenia: (also called reactive schizophrenia)

a form of schizophrenia that can begin at any age, frequently occurs in response to an emotionally traumatic event, and has extended recovery periods.

psychotic disorders:

a group of psychological disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality.

antisocial personality disorder:

a personality disorder in which a person (usually a man) exhibits a lack of conscience for wrongdoing, even toward friends and family members; may be aggressive and ruthless or a clever con artist.

schizophrenia:

a psychological disorder characterized by delusions, hallucinations, disorganized speech, and/or diminished, inappropriate emotional expression.

dissociative identity disorder (DID):

a rare dissociative disorder in which a person exhibits two or more distinct and alternating personalities. Formerly called multiple personality disorder.

anorexia nervosa:

an eating disorder in which a person (usually an adolescent female) maintains a starvation diet despite being significantly underweight; sometimes accompanied by excessive exercise.

bulimia nervosa:

an eating disorder in which a person alternates binge eating (usually of high-calorie foods) with purging (by vomiting or laxative use) or fasting.

Although she is underweight, Lindsey is extremely afraid of becoming obese. She often checks her body in the mirror for any signs of fat and refuses to eat most foods because she insists they are fatty or high in calories. Lindsey MOST clearly demonstrates symptoms of:

anorexia nervosa.

Twin and adoption studies indicate that biological relatives of those with antisocial personality disorder:

are at increased risk for antisocial behavior.

Personality disorders can be classified into three clusters. One cluster expresses anxiety, such as that exhibited in _____ personality disorder. People with this personality disorder are so fearful of rejection that they withdraw from society.

avoidant

Episodes of overeating (typically with high-calorie foods) followed by vomiting, laxative use, fasting, or excessive exercise are common in individuals with _____.

bulimia nervosa

Mimi works in a hospital psychiatric unit. She cares for a patient with schizophrenia who often stands motionless in a corner for several hours. This _____ usually ends abruptly, and the patient then becomes quite agitated.

catatonia

dissociative disorders:

controversial, rare disorders in which conscious awareness becomes separated (dissociated) from previous memories, thoughts, and feelings.

a group of psychological disorders marked by irrational ideas, distorted perceptions, and a loss of contact with reality.

delusion:

Regarding the treatment of schizophrenia, _____-blocking drugs have little effect on persistent negative symptoms, such as withdrawal.

dopamine

Last year, Nikki was diagnosed with schizophrenia. She sometimes lapses into a zombie-like state of apparent apathy known as:

flat affect.

Regarding the treatment of schizophrenia, therapeutic drugs that block dopamine receptors are most likely to reduce _____.

hallucinations

personality disorders:

inflexible and enduring behavior patterns that impair social functioning.

Marcus' twin brother and maternal grandmother both have been diagnosed with schizophrenia. This means that Marcus' risk for developing schizophrenia:

is much higher than average.

Risk factors for brain abnormalities in people with schizophrenia include _____, maternal diabetes, older paternal age, and oxygen deprivation during delivery.

low birth weight

Jared has not read the chapter on psychological disorders, so he misunderstands some basic facts. For example, he believes that schizophrenia refers to multiple personalities rather than a(n):

split from reality.

Between 1930 and 1960, the number of dissociative identity disorder diagnoses in North America was about _____ per decade.

2

Thomas was called into his boss' office last week for once again overstepping the boundaries of his position. Thomas had told the director of research that he was the one running the show and that it would only be a matter of time before he was in his boss' position. When confronted, Thomas admitted having said that, explaining that no one seems to understand that he is the one in charge. Thomas may have a(n):

Catatonia

Donald is a 35-year-old man with schizophrenia. He has struggled with mental illness since childhood, when he had anxiety and impaired judgment. He began experiencing psychotic symptoms at age 19, which have been only partially controlled by medication. What is Donald's prognosis?

His condition is likely to deteriorate over time.

When people meet Jae, one of the first things they notice is that she is very dramatic and self-centered. She is self-focused and self-inflating. Jae exhibits characteristics typical of _____ personality disorder.

narcissistic

Schizophrenia is the chief example of a_____ disorder.

psychotic

binge-eating disorder:

significant binge-eating episodes, followed by distress, disgust, or guilt, but without the compensatory purging or fasting that marks bulimia nervosa.