15.4-15.5 Sb homeworl

Identify the sensory structure that responds to movements of the head.

Crista ampullaris

True or false: Vibrations within the inner ear lead to the movement of potassium ions and the depolarization of hair cells.

True

Identify the structure that separates the external ear from the middle ear.

Tympanic membrane

The membranous labyrinth is located within the bony labyrinth of the inner ear.

True

True or False: The fluid within the membranous labyrinth is endolymph.

True

True or False: With regards to sound, frequency is the number of waves within a time period.

True

Explain how vibrations within the inner ear lead to the generation of an action potential

1. Vibration 2. bedding 3.opening 4: cells depolarize and open 5: cells depolarize and release 6. action potential

Identify the neuronal pathway for hearing from the cochlear nerve and ending with the cerebral cortex.

1. cochlear ganglion 2.cochlear nucleus 3.inferior collicus 4.medial geniculate 5. Auditory

Place structures that vibrations will pass through beginning with the inner ear and ending with the auditory sensory organ.

1. oval widow 2. perilymph 3. vestibular membrane 4. edolymph 5.basilar membrane 6. Hair cells of spiral organ

Identify the structures that are part of the external ear. Select all that apply.

Auricle External auditory canal

Identify the structures that receive axons from the vestibular nucleus of medulla. Select all that apply.

Cerebellum Thalamus Extrinsic eye muscles

Identify the structures that are part of the inner ear. Select all that apply.

Cochlea Semicircular canals Vestibule

Identify the members of the neuronal pathway. Select all that apply.

Cochlear ganglion Medial geniculate nucleus of the thalamus Cochlear nucleus in medulla oblongata

Identify the changes that occur to the special senses because of aging. Select all that apply.

Decreases sensitivity to gravity Ability to identify specific odors decreases

Which of the following correctly differentiates endolymph and perilymph? Select all that apply.

Endolymph is within the membranous labyrinth and perilymph is between the membranous labyrinth and the bony labyrinth. Endolymph has a high concentration of potassium and a low concentration of sodium compared to perilymph.

True or False: As the height or amplitude of a sound wave increases, the loudness of the sound decreases.

False

True or False: The vestibule and the semicircular canals of the inner ear primarily function in hearing.

False

Identify the structures within the external auditory canal that prevents foreign objects from reaching the tympanic membrane. Select all that apply.

Hair Cerumen

______ tones stimulate vibrations in the base of the basilar membrane and ______ tones stimulate vibrations in the apex of the basilar membrane

Higher-pitched, lower-pitched

Identify the type of hair cells of the spiral organ that are responsible for hearing.

Inner hair cells

Select the inner ear structures that are important in the interpretation of sound energy. Select all that apply.

Perilymph Scala vestibuli Basilar membrane Endolymph

Identify the structure that dissipates sound waves to protect the inner ear from the buildup of pressure.

Round window

Identify the structure that separates the scala tympani of the inner ear from the middle ear.

Round window

What are the stapedius and the tensor tympani?

Skeletal muscles that attach to the auditory ossicles

How does the brain localize sound?

Sound reaches each ear at a different time which offsets the time period in which sound waves travel down the external auditory tube.

Name the skeletal muscles that attach to the auditory ossicles. Select all that apply.

Tensor tympani Stapedius

What is the function of the inner hair cells?

The inner hair cells are responsible for hearing.

You are attending a rock concert and the band is very loud. After the concert you notice you can't hear very well. Why?

The loud music stimulated the sound attenuation reflex.

Identify the structures that are part of the middle ear. Select all that apply.

Tympanic membrane Auditory ossicles

Select the structures through which sound waves will travel from the outer ear to the inner ear. Select all that apply.

Tympanic membrane Oval window Spiral organ

Select the structures through which sound waves will travel from the outer ear to the inner ear. Select all that apply.

Tympanic membrane Spiral organ Oval window

Select components of the neuronal pathway for balance. Select all that apply.

Vestibular nucleus Thalamus Vestibulocochlear nerve

How is sound energy transmitted from the outer ear to the inner ear?

Vibration of the tympanic membrane causes the auditory ossicles to vibrate.

A decrease in the ability to identify specific odors, a decrease in sense of taste and a loss in flexibility of the lens is associated with ______.

aging and the elderly

As the height or ______ of a sound wave increases, the volume ______.

amplitude, increases

The bony labyrinth of the inner ear is divided into three regions. The vestibule and the semicircular canals which primarily function in ______ and the cochlea which functions in ______.

balance, hearing

Earwax is also called _____.

cerumen

The spiral organ is located within the ______ of the cochlea.

cochlear duct

The part of the cochlea located between the vestibular membrane and the basilar membrane is the ______, and it is filled with ______.

cochlear duct, endolymph

The sensory organ of the semicircular canal is the ______.

crista ampullaris

The _____ labyrinth consists of the semicircular canals. It evaluates movements of the head.

dynamic

As the ______ (number of waves within a time period) increases, the pitch ______.

frequency, increases

The macula is the sensory organ that responds to _____.

gravity

Describe the sound attenuation reflex.

he stapedius and the tensor tympani contract in response to very loud sounds.

Vibration that occurs near the apex of the basilar membrane is caused by ______ pitched tones while those that occur near the base are caused by ______ pitched tones.

lower, higher

The sensory organ of the utricle and saccule is the ______.

macula

The sensory structure within the vestibule that responds to gravity is the ______.

macula

The membranous tunnel within the bony labyrinth of the inner ear is the

membranous labyrinth

The crista ampullaris is the sensory structure that responds to ______.

movements of the head

The structure that separates the scala tympani of the inner ear from the middle ear is the window.

round

window dissipates sound waves to protect the inner ear from a buildup of pressure.

round

The macula is the sensory organ of balance within the _____. Select all that apply.

saccule utricle

The part of the cochlea located above the spiral lamina and the vestibular membrane is the ______ and It is filled with ______.

scala vestibuli, perilymph

The crista ampullaris is the sensory organ within the ______.

semicircular canals

The structure within the cochlea that contains hair cells that detect sound is called the ______.

spiral organ

The utricle and the saccule form the ______ labyrinth. It evaluates the position of the head relative to gravity and detects linear acceleration and deceleration.

static

Sound perception in one ear is temporally offset from the other. This allows ______.

the brain to identify the direction of the sound's origin

membrane is a thin, semitransparent membrane that separates the external ear from the middle ear.

tympanic

The auditory ossicles function in transmitting vibrations from the ______ to the ______ of the inner ear.

tympanic membrane, oval window

Loudness or is a function of wave amplitude and is the function of wave frequency.

volume pitch