202 EAQ Immunologic System and Infectious Diseases

Which dietary modifications can help improve the nutritional status of a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

Refraining from consuming fatty foods

Which diseased condition associated with the client's heart is an example of an autoimmune disease?

Rheumatic fever

A client with erythematous papules in the interdigital spaces reports severe itching at night. Which insect is responsible for this condition?

Sarcoptes scabiei

Which diseases may occur due to rickettsial infections? Select all that apply.

Typhoid fever Rocky Mountain spotted fever

A nurse is caring for a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). What precautions should the nurse take when caring for this client?

Use standard precautions

The nurse suspects that a client is in the chronic persistent stage of Lyme disease. Which symptoms support the nurse's suspicion? Select all that apply.

Arthritis Chronic fatigue

Which type of immunity will clients acquire through immunizations with live or killed vaccines?

Artificial active immunity

Which conditions may result from immunoglobulin IgE antibodies on mast cells reacting with antigens? Select all that apply.

Asthma Hay fever

What is the function of a client's natural killer cells?

Attack non-selectively on non-self cells, especially mutated and malignant cells

What should be used to clean needles and syringes between intravenous drug users (IDUs)?

Bleach

The nurse is caring for a client with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection. Which clinical manifestations in the client should be immediately reported to the primary healthcare provider?

Blood in the urine

Which malnutrition condition may predispose a client to secondary immunodeficiency?

Cachexia

Which sexually transmitted infection is caused by Chlamydia trachomatis?

Cervicitis

The nurse is reviewing the laboratory report of four clients. Which does the nurse suspect to have acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

Client A

Which term describes the practice of placing clients with the same infection in a semi-private room?

Cohorting

A nurse is caring for a client who is human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) positive. Which complication associated with this diagnosis is most important for the nurse to teach prevention strategies?

Infection

A laboratory report shows that a client tested positive for human epidermal growth factor (HER), and a medical report reveals the presence of advanced breast cancer. Which medication would be used to treat this condition?

Lapatinib

The nurse is teaching a post-radiation therapy client regarding proper skin care to the radiation treatment area. Which statement made by the client indicates the nurse needs to follow up?

"I will avoid rinsing the area with the saline solution."

The nurse suspects that a client with inhalation anthrax is in the fulminant stage of the disease. Which symptom supports the nurse's conclusion?

Hematemesis

A nurse is caring for a client with pruritic lesions from an IgE-mediated hypersensitivity reaction. Which mediator of injury is involved?

Histamine

Which point in the figure is the site for salpingitis in a client with gonorrhea?

A

Which antimicrobial medication acts on susceptible pathogens by inhibiting nucleic acid synthesis?

Actinomycin

What is the function of IgG in the body?

Activates the classic complement pathway

A tuberculin skin test with purified protein derivative (PPD) tuberculin is performed as part of a routine physical examination. When does the nurse instruct the client to make an appointment so the test can be read?

48-72 hours

Which client is most likely to develop IgE antibodies?

A client with pollen allergy

The nurse is reviewing blood screening tests of the immune system of a client with acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS). What does the nurse expect to find?

A decrease in CD4 T cells

Why is a Neisseria gonorrhoeae infection particularly troublesome for a female client?

Symptoms are often overlooked.

Which sexually transmitted infection (STI) is caused by Treponema pallidum?

Syphilis

A client reports hair loss, joint pain, and a facial rash. The nurse documents the presence of a butterfly rash on the face in the client's medical record. Which disorder does the nurse suspect?

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Which disorder does the image illustrate?

Systemic lupus erythematosus

Which cells are affected in DiGeorge syndrome?

T-cells

What type of hypersensitivity reaction is the cause of systemic lupus erythematosus?

Type III

Which type of delayed hypersensitivity reaction can be assessed in the client pictured in the image?

Type IV

Which type of hypersensitivity reaction will occur when the client's T cytotoxic cells are involved as the mediators of injury?

Type IV

A client with an upper respiratory infection asks the nurse why the health care provider did not prescribe an antibiotic. What would be the best response from the nurse?

"Upper respiratory infections generally are caused by viruses and therefore should not be treated with antibiotics."

Which medications are administered to inhibit purine synthesis and suppress cell-mediated and humoral immune responses? Select all that apply.

Azathioprine Mycophenolate mofetil

Four clients with tuberculosis are prescribed medications. Which client is at risk for optic neuritis?

Client D

Which complication will the nurse suspect in a client with genital herpes disease?

Cold sores

A nurse discusses the potential for cross-contamination with the nursing assistants on a surgical unit. What does the nurse explain that standard precautions are designed to do?

Decrease the risk of transmitting unidentified pathogens

Which complication is associated with Pott's disease?

Destruction of intervertebral discs

A client with scleroderma reports having difficulty chewing and swallowing. What should the nurse recommend to safely facilitate eating?

Eat a mechanical soft diet

Which bacteria colonies are commonly found in a client's large intestine?

Escherichia coli

What are the symptoms of tuberculosis? Select all that apply.

Fatigue Nausea Low-grade fever

Which cytokine medication is administered to treat chemotherapy-induced neutropenia?

Filgrastim

A nurse is concerned about the public health implications of gonorrhea diagnosed in a 16-year-old adolescent. Which should be of most concern to the nurse?

Finding the client's sexual contacts

Which skin infection is caused by bacteria?

Folliculitis

The bacteria Clostridium botulinum causes which condition in a client?

Food poisoning with progressive muscle paralysis

Which sexually transmitted disease is treated with antiviral drugs?

Genital herpes

Which sexually transmitted disease is caused by a virus?

Genital warts

Which organ-specific autoimmune disorder is associated with a client's kidney?

Goodpasture syndrome

Which cytokine increases growth and maturation of myeloid stem cells?

Granulocyte-macrophage colony-stimulating factor

A client who abused intravenous drugs was diagnosed with the human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) several years ago. What does the nurse explain to the client regarding the diagnostic criterion for acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

Has a CD4+T-cell lymphocyte level of less than 200 cells/µL (60%)

Which type of hepatitis virus spreads through contaminated food and water?

Hepatitis A virus

What causes condylomata acuminate?

Human papillomavirus (HPV)

Which is the first antibody formed after exposure to an antigen?

IgM

What is the mechanism of action of penicillin?

Inhibits cell wall synthesis of the pathogen

Which is the most common opportunistic infection in a client infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV)?

Pneumocystis jiroveci pneumonia

What does the nurse explain to a client that a positive diagnosis for human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection is based on?

Positive enzyme-linked immunosorbent assay (ELISA) and Western blot tests

What is the role of the plasma cell in the antigen-antibody response?

Produces antibodies against the sensitizing antigen

A client who has been living in another country for 10 years is undergoing diagnostic testing to identify the causative organisms of the infection that has been acquired. When caring for this client, what should the nurse recall about active immunity?

Protein substances are formed within the body to neutralize antigens.

Which medications are useful to treat psoriasis? Select all that apply.

Psoralen Anthralin Calcipotriene

A client's sputum smears for acid-fast bacilli (AFB) are positive, and transmission-based airborne precautions are prescribed. What should the nurse teach visitors to do?

Wear a particulate respirator mask

A client with tuberculosis is prescribed rifampin. What does the nurse teach the client about this medication? Select all that apply.

"Avoid drinking alcohol while you are on this drug." "Report immediately if you find a yellow appearance to the skin." "Your soft contact lenses will become permanently stained with this drug."

The nurse is counseling a client infected with human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) regarding prevention of HIV transmission. Which statement by the client indicates the nurse needs to follow up?`

"I can safely have anal sex without any barriers."

The nurse is providing discharge instructions to a client who is recovering from an acute case of viral hepatitis. Which statement by the client indicates a need for further education?

"I will take acetaminophen for pain father than aspirin."

Which cytokine stimulates the liver to produce fibrinogen and protein C?

Interleukin-6

Which medication should be immediately started when a client has an anaphylactic attack?

Isoproterenol

The nurse is caring for a client who is receiving treatment via intrathecal therapy. The client reports a headache and neck stiffness. Upon assessment, the nurse finds that the client's body temperature is 103 °F. Which condition should the nurse suspect in the client?

Meningitis

What causes medications used to treat AIDS to become ineffective?

Missing doses of the prescribed medications

Which autoimmune disease affects the central nervous system?

Multiple sclerosis

Which autoimmune disease is directly related to the client's central nervous system?

Multiple sclerosis

Which type of immunity is acquired through the transfer of colostrum from the mother to the child?

Natural passive immunity

What criteria should the nurse consider when determining if an infection should be categorized as a health care-associated infection?

Occurred in conjunction with treatment for an illness

An older client with a history of congestive heart failure expresses concern about potential exposure to tuberculosis. The client states that a roommate at the extended care facility where the client resides sleeps a lot, coughs a great deal, and sometimes spits up blood. What is the primary reason that the nurse pursues more information about the roommate?

Older adults with chronic illness are affected adversely by tuberculosis

Which viral infection will cause the nurse to observe for warts?

Papillomavirus

A nurse is teaching a client about human immunodeficiency virus (HIV). What are the various ways HIV is transmitted? Select all that apply.

Sharing syringe needles Breastfeeding a newborn Anal intercourse

What is the role of shark cartilage in the management of human immunodeficiency (HIV) and acquired immunodeficiency syndrome (AIDS)?

Shark cartilage is a complementary therapy

Which statement is true regarding Sjögren's syndrome?

Sjögren's syndrome decreases the digestion of carbohydrates.

Which stage of HIV would a client with a CD4+ T-cell count of 325 cells/mm3 be classified?

Stage 2

Which symptoms are observed in a client with Sjögren's syndrome? Select all that apply.

Toothy decay Corneal ulcers Vaginal dryness

What is the causative organism for syphilis?

Treponema pallidum

Which is the first medication approved to reduce the risk of human immunodeficiency virus (HIV) infection in unaffected individuals?

Truvada

Which organs are affected by Candida albicans? Select all that apply.

Vagina Mouth Intestines

Which organism causes smallpox?

Variola virus