208 exam 1 lesson 3
According to Erikson, which need would nurses focus care on for the middle-aged adult? A. Productive B. Controlling C.Independent D.Autonomous
A. Productive
The function of Freud's defense mechanism is to: A. foster learning, growth, and adaptation. B. inflate the self-image. C. resolve interpersonal conflicts. D. relieve anxiety.
D. relieve anxiety.
According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, mastery of which task increases a child's ability to cope with separation or pending separation from significant others? a. Trust b. Identity c. Initiative d. Autonomy
a. Trust
Place the levels of development in their order of achievement according to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development.
1. trust vs mistrust 2. industry vs inferiority 3. identity vs role confusion 4. intimacy vs isolation 5. generativity vs stagnation 6. integrity vs despair
What type of development is described under Freud's theory? A. Psychosexual development B. Cognition development C. Moral reasoning development D. Psychosocial development
A. Psychosexual development
The nursing instructor asks the nursing student to describe the initiative versus guilt stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. Which student statement indicates a need for further teaching?
At this stage, the child develops a sense of autonomy A child develops a sense of autonomy during the "autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt" stage of Erikson's theory. During the initiative versus guilt stage, the child likes to pretend and try out different roles. This stage is also marked by the development of a superego or conscience. At this stage, a child has fantasies and imaginations that encourage him or her to explore the environment.
Which nursing action would be given to an individual in the initiative versus guilt stage of Erikson's theory? A. The nurse should help the parents cope with the hospitalization of an infant. B. The nurse should assist physically ill adults in choosing creative ways to foster social development. C. The nurse should teach parents about a child's impulse control to avoid the risks of altered growth and development. D. The nurse should help hospitalized adolescents deal with their illness by giving them enough information to make informed decisions about their treatment plans.
C. The nurse should teach parents about a child's impulse control to avoid the risks of altered growth and development.
According to the Erikson's theory, which stage describes the will of an adolescent to achieve a goal? Initiative versus guilt Integrity versus despair Intimacy versus isolation Identity versus role confusion
Identity versus role confusion
According to Erikson's theory, which of these actions can predispose an adolescent to being in a state of confusion? If an adolescent fails to establish a sense of identity If an adolescent has a feeling of isolation and rejection If an adolescent's parents fail to establish a sense of trust in him or her If an adolescent's parents try to control him or her and limit his or her choices
If an adolescent fails to establish a sense of identity
According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which opposing conflict is an older adult likely to face? Trust versus mistrust Integrity versus despair Intimacy versus isolation Industry versus inferiority
Integrity versus despair
According to the Erikson's theory, which stage in a young adult describes the development of the sense of caring for others? Initiative versus guilt Integrity versus despair Intimacy versus isolation Identity versus role confusion
Intimacy versus isolation
An older adult says, I regret so many of the choices I've made during my life. According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, which developmental conflict has the client failed to accomplish? a. Ego integrity versus despair b. Identity versus role confusion c. Generativity versus stagnation d. Autonomy versus shame and doubt
a. Ego integrity versus despair
according to Freud, Sexual urges reawaken during
adolescence
According to Sigmund Freud's developmental theory, Early childhood and toddlers are in the ______ stage?
anal
According to Freud, The toddler is in the ________ stage of development.
anal stage
The school nurse recognizes the defense mechanism of _____________ when the 7-year-old first grader throws his crayons on the floor after he has been reprimanded by the teacher for boisterous behavior.
displacement
according to Freud The mouth is a source of pleasure during?
infancy
super ego
morals and standards that we acquire from our parents, family, and society at largedo whats morally right think about others
Which age group would the nurse expect to experience the initiative versus guilt stage of Erikson's theory? Toddlers Preschoolers Old-aged people Middle-aged people
preschoolers
According to Freud's theory, The genital stage is seen during?
puberty through adulthood
According to Freud, in what order do the stages of child development occur?
1. oral 2. anal 3. oedipal (phallic) 4. latency 5. genital
Arrange the stages of Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytical model of personality development in its correct order.
1. oral 2. anal 3. oedipal (phallic) 4. latency 5. genital
According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which is the correct order of a child's behavior as he or she ages?
1. the child develops autonomy by making choices 2. the child develops feelings of superego or conscience 3. the child concentrates on work and play 4. the child is concerned about appearance and body image
Arrange the stages of life in Erikson's theory of psychosocial development in the correct order.
1. trust vs mistrust 2. autonomy vs sense of shame and doubt 3. initiative vs guilt 4. industry vs inferiority 5. identity vs role confusion 6. intimacy vs isolation 7. generativity vs self absorption and stagnation 8. integrity vs despair
According to Freud's theory The phallic stage is seen in children between the ages of?
3-6
The registered nurse is teaching a nursing student about Erikson's theory of psychosocial development. To which age group does industry versus inferiority apply? A. 3 to 6 years B. 1 to 3 years C. 6 to 11 years D. Birth to 1 year
6 to 11 years
A nurse is recollecting Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytical model of personality development. What is the characteristic of the oral stage? A. "In the oral stage, the infant realizes that he or she is a separate individual." B. "In the oral stage, the infant changes the focus to the anal zone for pleasure." C. "In the oral stage, the infant develops Electra complex feelings." D. "In the oral stage, the infant delays gratification to meet parental and societal expectations."
A. "In the oral stage, the infant realizes that he or she is a separate individual."
A person is badly disfigured by the lawnmower blade when mowing a lawn. Based on Erikson's psychosocial stages of development which age, at the time of injury, will be associated with the greatest risk of long-term psychological effects? A. 12 years B. 19 years C. 55 years D. 70 years
A. 12 years
According to Erikson's theory, at which age would a child develop self-control and independence? A. 18 months to 3 years old B. 3 to 6 years old C. 6 to 12 years old D. 12 to 19 years old
A. 18 months to 3 years old
A nurse is evaluating different situations on the basis of the components of human personality as mentioned by Sigmund Freud. Which situations represent the id component? Select all that apply. A. A client experiencing pain takes pain medication prescribed to a family member. B. A client wishes to go home and therefore slips out of the healthcare facility quietly without anyone noticing. C. A client feeling hungry notices a food tray at the next bed, but does not grab the food because a nurse is watching. D. A client feeling thirsty waits for the nurse to bring him or her water instead of taking it from the next client because he or she knows that it is wrong. A client feels nauseous; therefore, he or she leaves work midway to go to a healthcare facility.
A. A client experiencing pain takes pain medication prescribed to a family member. B. A client wishes to go home and therefore slips out of the healthcare facility quietly without anyone noticing. A client feels nauseous; therefore, he or she leaves work midway to go to a healthcare facility.
A nurse is examining different situations that represent the superego component of human personality, as per Sigmund Freud. Which situations accurately represent superego? Select all that apply. A. A client having a craving for fruits does not steal them from the next client because that client needs it more. B. A client who needs to urinate does so beside the bed instead of waiting for the nurse to assist him or her. C. A client feels the urge to run away from the hospital but refrains from doing so because the security guard is watching. D. A client experiencing a stomachache refrains from stealing medications from a friend because it is illegal. E. A client controls the urge to eat candy because he or she knows that it will affect the blood sugar levels.
A. A client having a craving for fruits does not steal them from the next client because that client needs it more. D. A client experiencing a stomachache refrains from stealing medications from a friend because it is illegal. E. A client controls the urge to eat candy because he or she knows that it will affect the blood sugar levels.
A nursing student gives different examples representing the components of human personality, according to Sigmund Freud. Which examples mentioned by the nursing student represent the component ego? Select all that apply. A. A client with insomnia wants to take an extra sleeping pill but refrains from doing so because the caregivers are present." B. "A client is attracted to the nurse in charge but does not make any moves because there are other clients in the same ward." C. "A client feels that the next client received a better pillow but refrains from taking it away because it is wrong." D. "A client wants to eat junk food but does not order it because the dietician is keeping track of his or her weight." E. "A client notes that the nurse is late in bringing in the food tray, so he or she steals food from the cafeteria."
A. A client with insomnia wants to take an extra sleeping pill but refrains from doing so because the caregivers are present." B. "A client is attracted to the nurse in charge but does not make any moves because there are other clients in the same ward." D. "A client wants to eat junk food but does not order it because the dietician is keeping track of his or her weight."
Which activities would the nurse recommend to a middle-age adult client to find a sense of fulfillment, according to Erikson? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Attending church functions B. Visiting adult children in their homes C. Becoming involved at a local hospital D. Volunteering to coach for a grandchild's soccer team E. Allowing independent decision-making when hospitalized
A. Attending church functions C. Becoming involved at a local hospital D. Volunteering to coach for a grandchild's soccer team
Which is the similarity between the stage-crisis theory given by Havighurst and the psychosocial development theory given by Erikson? A. Based on developmental tasks B. Incorporate eight stages of development C. Based on changes in a person's thoughts and emotions D. Emphasize that a child's growth is directed by individual gene activity
A. Based on developmental tasks
Which would the nurse anticipate when assessing a school-age child according to Erikson's theory of development? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Being engaged in tasks B. Questioning sexual identity C. Having highly imaginative thoughts D. Wanting to participate in organized activities E. Struggling with self-control and independence
A. Being engaged in tasks D. Wanting to participate in organized activities
Which is a similarity between Havighurst's stage-crisis and Erikson's psychosocial development theories? A. Both theories are based on developmental tasks. B. Both theories incorporate eight stages of development. C. Both theories are based on psychosexual development. D. Both theories emphasize that a child's growth is directed by gene activity.
A. Both theories are based on developmental tasks.
According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which task does the nurse recognize as the chief psychosocial task of preschoolers? A. Development of a sense of initiative B. Ability to interact with others in a less egocentric manner C. Control over bodily functions D. Toleration of separation from parents2
A. Development of a sense of initiative
Which statement describes the latency stage of Freud's psychoanalytic model of personality development? A. During this stage, sexual urges are repressed and channeled into productive activities. B. During this stage, an infant begins to think that his or her parent is separate from the self. C. During this stage, genital organs are the focus of pleasure. D. During this stage, sexual urges reawaken and are directed to an individual outside the family circle.
A. During this stage, sexual urges are repressed and channeled into productive activities.
According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, which developmental conflict affects a 4-year-old child? A. Initiative versus guilt B.Industry versus inferiority C. Trust versus mistrust D. Autonomy versus shame
A. Initiative versus guilt
In which stage does the nurse teach the parent about child impulse control and cooperative behaviors, according to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? A. Initiative versus guilt B. Intimacy versus isolation C. Autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt D. Generativity versus self-absorption and stagnation
A. Initiative versus guilt ( where they follow rules)
According to Erikson's theory, in which stage would the nurse expect a preschooler to start to pretend? A. Initiative versus guilt stage B. Integrity versus despair stage C. Autonomy versus a sense of shame and doubt stage D. Generativity versus self-absorption and stagnation stage
A. Initiative versus guilt stage
Which opposing conflict does a young adult face according to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? A. Intimacy versus isolation B. Identity versus role confusion C. Autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt D. Generativity versus self-absorption and stagnation
A. Intimacy versus isolation
Which client's statement confirms that he or she has reached the integrity versus despair stage according to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Looking back at my entire life B. I was in love C. In the twilight of my life D. Could you prescribe some good medications that can help me get back to work as soon as possible E. Now that I am at the end of the road
A. Looking back at my entire life C. In the twilight of my life E. Now that I am at the end of the road
Which statement made by the client indicates the autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? A. My kid has started to walk on his or her toes. B. I do not want to consume meat even though my family owns a slaughterhouse. C. I want to go to the club with my friends. D. I have been in a relationship for 3 years and now my partner does not want to be with me.
A. My kid has started to walk on his or her toes.
A 9-month-old infant who appears well-nourished, alert, and happy is brought to the well-baby clinic for a routine physical examination. Using Freud's psychosexual stages of development, the nurse determines that the infant is in which stage? A. Oral-sensory stage B. Genital stage C. Anal-urethral stage D. Latency stage
A. Oral-sensory stage
Which might an individual experience in Erikson's initiative versus guilt stage? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Pretends and tries out new roles B. May develop a superego or a conscience C. Thrives on his/her accomplishments and praise D. May develop his/her autonomy by making choices E. Fantasizes and imagines discovering the environment
A. Pretends and tries out new roles B. May develop a superego or a conscience C. Thrives on his/her accomplishments and praise E. Fantasizes and imagines discovering the environment
According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, which outcome will occur if an individual fails to master the maturational crisis of adolescence? A. Role confusion B. Feelings of inferiority C. Interpersonal isolation D. Difficulties with intimacy
A. Role confusion
When the health-care worker praises a child for eating all of the meal and expresses disappointment when the child does not eat, the health-care worker is following the behavioral theory of: A. Skinner. B. Erikson. C. Freud. D. Havighurst.
A. Skinner.
According to Erikson's theory, which behaviors will the nurse notice in 13-year-old students? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. Such students want to know Who am I? B. Such students exhibit the sense of care for others. C. Such students show eagerness to learn social skills. D. Such students like to pretend and try out different new roles. E. Such students show a marked preoccupation with body appearance.
A. Such students want to know Who am I? E. Such students show a marked preoccupation with body appearance.
According to Erikson's theory, which behavior would the nurse expect a preschooler to exhibit? A. The child develops the superego. B. The child plays beside other children. C. The child concentrates on work and play. D. The child becomes casual about body appearance.
A. The child develops the superego.
The nurse is examining different statements that represent the stages of psychosexual development, according to Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytical model of personality development. Which statement indicates that the individual is aged between 6 to 12 years? A. The individual focuses on educational and social accomplishments. B. The individual fantasizes about the parent of the opposite sex as the first love interest. C. The individual realizes that the parent is something separate from the self. D. The individual tries to resolve prior sexual conflicts that have resurfaced.
A. The individual focuses on educational and social accomplishments.
Which stage of Erikson's theory focuses on the needs of an infant? A. Trust versus mistrust B. Intimacy versus isolation C.Autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt D. Generativity versus self-absorption and stagnation
A. Trust versus mistrust
What are major characteristic(s) of a self-actualized person? (Select all that apply.) A. Understands reality B. Makes judgments based on evidence C. Is reliant on significant others Is creative D. Has values that are constantly changing
A. Understands reality B. Makes judgments based on evidence D. Has values that are constantly changing
A nurse is recollecting Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytical model of personality development. What are the characteristics of the genital stage according to this model? Select all that apply. A. Unresolved sexual conflicts resurface during this stage. B. The focus of pleasure changes to the anal zone. C. An individual may resolve the sexual conflicts at this stage. D. Sexual urges are directed outside the family circle. E. Sexual urges from the oedipal stage are repressed and channeled productively.
A. Unresolved sexual conflicts resurface during this stage. C. An individual may resolve the sexual conflicts at this stage. D. Sexual urges are directed outside the family circle.
According to the theory of Lawrence Kohlberg, the health-care worker can anticipate that the moral development of a 2-year-old will follow the preconventional pattern by: A. obeying rules to avoid punishment. B. conforming to rules to gain reward. C. following rules to be thought of as "good." D. desiring to do the "right" thing.
A. obeying rules to avoid punishment.
A nurse is recollecting Sigmund Freud's psychoanalytical model of personality development. What are the characteristics of the phallic stage, as per this model? Select all that apply. A. "In this stage, a child begins to realize that the mother/parent is something separate from self." B. "In this stage, the genitals are the focus of pleasure" C. "In this stage a child may develop an Oedipal complex" D. "In this stage, sexual urges revive and are directed to an individual outside the family circle." E. "In this stage, a girl may experience feelings of penis envy"
B. "In this stage, the genitals are the focus of pleasure" C. "In this stage a child may develop an Oedipal complex" E. "In this stage, a girl may experience feelings of penis envy"
Which age group is in Freud's phallic stage of psychosexual development and Erikson's psychosocial phase of initiative versus guilt? A. Birth to 1 year B. 3 to 5 years C. 6 to 12 years D Adolescence
B. 3 to 5 years
Which does the intimacy versus isolation stage of Erikson's theory of development include? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. An individual may often engage in a retrospective appraisal of his or her life. B. An individual develops a sense of identity and deepens his or her capacity to love others and care for them. C. An individual searches for meaningful friendships and an intimate relationship with another person. D. An individual may develop fears, rejection, and disappointment if unable to establish companionship and intimacy. E. An individual achieves success by contributing to future generations through parenthood, teaching, and community involvement.
B. An individual develops a sense of identity and deepens his or her capacity to love others and care for them. C. An individual searches for meaningful friendships and an intimate relationship with another person. D. An individual may develop fears, rejection, and disappointment if unable to establish companionship and intimacy.
Which stages would the nurse explain that a toddler goes through, according to Freud's theory? Select all that apply. A. Genital B. Anal C. Oral D. Latency E. Phallic
B. Anal C. Oral
A client who retired a year ago says, I don't have any hobbies or interests A. Allow the client to express feelings of guilt. B. Ask the client to identify past achievements. C. Explore activities to decrease social isolation. D. Help the client look for new social roles
B. Ask the client to identify past achievements.
According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, which stage must a 3-year-old accomplish? A. Trust versus mistrust B. Autonomy versus shame C. Industry versus inferiority D. Generativity versus stagnation
B. Autonomy versus shame
The theorist who proposed a psychosocial theory that human development occurs as a result of interactions among the environment, culture, and the individual was: A. Erik Erikson. B. Daniel Levinson. C. Carl Jung. D. Robert Keegan.
B. Daniel Levinson.
A 70-year-old man with a history of depression has few interests since retirement. He says, I feel useless and unneeded. Based on Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, which outcome is occurring? A. Guilt B. Despair C.Isolation D. Role confusion
B. Despair
An older adult was admitted to a long-term care facility for difficulties with activities of daily living. Based on Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, which intervention would the nurse use to assist the client to fulfill her or his developmental task? A. Encourage the client to perform as much self-care as possible. B. Engage the client in reminiscence about past achievements. C. Invite the client to participate in socialization and activity groups. D. Suggest that the family accompany the client on short walks.
B. Engage the client in reminiscence about past achievements.
Which statement made by the client indicates the identity versus role confusion stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. I fear that this relationship will not last B. I like to dress like a boy even though my parents want me to dress like a girl. C. When I look back at my life D. I want to get a clear skin like my best friend E. I do not want to become an engineer like my parents want me to be; I dream of becoming a pilot.
B. I like to dress like a boy even though my parents want me to dress like a girl. D. I want to get a clear skin like my best friend E. I do not want to become an engineer like my parents want me to be; I dream of becoming a pilot.
A 10-year-old child has been working on earning all of the scouting badges. Which of Erikson's stages of psychosocial development is this child achieving? A. Identity B. Industry C. Intimacy D. Initiative
B. Industry
An older client states, I've lived a good life. I don't want to die A. Identity B. Integrity C. Despair D. Generativity
B. Integrity
A 68-year-old client with a new ileostomy remarks to the nurse, It will be difficult for my wife to care for a helpless old man. Which conflict according to Erikson does this comment exhibit? A. Initiative versus guilt B. Integrity versus despair C. Industry versus inferiority D. Generativity versus stagnation
B. Integrity versus despair
An older retired client tells the nurse about the great life he has lived and the activities that he enjoys at the senior center. According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, which developmental conflict has the client resolved? A. Trust versus mistrust B. Integrity versus despair C. Generativity versus self-absorption D. Autonomy versus shame and doubt
B. Integrity versus despair
Based on Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, which task must a 30-year-old client work through? A. Integrity versus despair B. Intimacy versus isolation C. Industry versus inferiority D. Identity versus role confusion
B. Intimacy versus isolation
Which statement made by the client indicates initiative versus guilt stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? A. See B. My child likes to fantasize and tries out new characters every day. C. I give healthy finger foods to my baby so that he or she can pick it up and eat it by himself or herself. D. Look
B. My child likes to fantasize and tries out new characters every day.
Which stage of the development should the nurse document for an infant when using Freud's theory of psychosexual development? A. Anal B. Oral C. Oedipal D. Phallic E. Latent
B. Oral
A nursing instructor is explaining to a group of nursing students that preschoolers often exhibit the Electra complex during their psychosocial development. At which stage of Freud's theory is the Electra complex seen? A. Latency B. Phallic C. Anal D. Genital
B. Phallic
According to Erikson, which would the nurse anticipate when assessing an adolescent? A. Being engaged in tasks B. Questioning sexual identity C. Having highly imaginative thoughts D. Wanting to participate in organized activities
B. Questioning sexual identity
According to Kohlberg, children develop moral reasoning as they mature. Which action is most characteristic of a school-age child's stage of moral development? A. are obeyed to avoid punishment. B. Rules are followed to gain recognition C. Behavior that pleases others is considered good. D. Showing respect for authority is important behavior.
B. Rules are followed to gain recognition
Which stage describes the Oedipus complex, according to Freud's theory? A. Stage 2 B. Stage 3 C. Stage 4 D. Stage 5
B. Stage 3
Based on Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, which response is the most therapeutic to help an older adult who is struggling to achieve her or his developmental task? A. Where did you live when you were growing up? B. Tell me about your past accomplishments. C. Tell me about your children and family life. D. What kinds of things would you still like to do?
B. Tell me about your past accomplishments.
According to Erikson's theory, which behavior would a toddler exhibit? A. The child is casual about body appearance. B. The child starts performing self-care activities. C. The child suppresses feelings of the superego. D. The child becomes dependent on his or her siblings.
B. The child starts performing self-care activities.
According to Freud, which aspect of one's life helps in the development of personality? A. The need for trust and identity B. The need for sensual pleasure C.The need for self-knowledge D. The need for moral development
B. The need for sensual pleasure
A 73-year-old man scheduled for surgery tells the health-care worker that if things do not go well during surgery, he has lived a full life and has no regrets. The health-care worker recognizes that this statement is consistent with: A. the changes and redirected goals characteristic of Levinson's theory of late adulthood. B. achievement of the developmental task of integrity described by Erikson. C. the wisdom and judgment that maintains self-esteem in Peck's theory of development. D. unsuccessful achievement of earlier developmental tasks described by Havighurst.
B. achievement of the developmental task of integrity described by Erikson.
Behavior modification is basically designed to: A. probe the unconscious motives of behavior. B. alter current behavior patterns. C. produce basic changes in personality. D. relieve conflicts in behavior.
B. alter current behavior patterns.
The characteristic common to all developmental models is that A. chronological age is the most important factor. B. development is a continuous process throughout the lifespan. C. development depends on physical growth. D. developmental progress continues regardless of environment.
B. development is a continuous process throughout the lifespan.
A 10-year-old child has demonstrated exceptional spelling ability in several school and community contests and is recognized in his school by teachers and peers for his ability. He believes he can win the state championship. This situation is representative of the concept of: A. latency; achievement of skills (Freud). B. mastery of environment; match between ideal and actual self (Rogers). C. initiative; following rules (Erikson). D. academic recognition; value of the less aggressive child (Bronfenbrenner)
B. mastery of environment; match between ideal and actual self (Rogers).
When the driver who is stopped for speeding tells the officer that he was rushing to an important appointment, this is an example of the defense mechanism of: A. identification. B. rationalization C. sublimation. D. repression.
B. rationalization
A nurse educates a parent about Erikson's theory of child development. At which age would the nurse advise the parent to begin instilling a sense of trust in the child? Birth to 1 year 1 to 3 years 3 to 6 years 6 to 11 years
Birth to 1 year
A family member reports, He wears eccentric clothing A. 55-year-old husband B. 25-year-old son C. 17-year-old son D. 70-year-old uncle
C. 17-year-old son
Which age is considered the phallic stage according to Sigmund Freud's developmental theory? A. Birth to 18 months B. 18 months to 3 years old C. 3 to 6 years old D. 6 to 12 years old
C. 3 to 6 years old
In which stage of Erikson's theory does the child initiate self-care activities? A. Initiative versus guilt B. Integrity versus despair C. Autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt D. Generativity versus self-absorption and stagnation
C. Autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt
An 85-year-old client is alert and able to participate in care. According to Erikson, which developmental stage will the client need to adjust to? A. Industry versus inferiority B. Identity versus role confusion C. Generativity versus stagnation D. Autonomy versus shame/doubt
C. Generativity versus stagnation
Which would the nurse anticipate when assessing a preschool-age child, according to Erikson's developmental stages? A. Being engaged in tasks B. Questioning sexual identity C. Having highly imaginative thoughts D. Wanting to participate in organized activities
C. Having highly imaginative thoughts
According to Sigmund Freud's developmental theory, which developmental age is called the latent stage? A. Toddler B.Preschool C. Middle school D. Adolescence
C. Middle school
According to Freud's theory, which stage should the nurse include while educating the parents about a preschooler? A. Latency B. Anal C. Phallic D. Genital
C. Phallic
According to Erikson's psychosocial stage of development for toddlers, which safety measure would the nurse recommend to the parents? A.Explain that swimming pools are dangerous, so never go alone. B. Teach the child to recognize common poisonous substances. C. Remove cleaning solutions and chemicals from lower cabinets. D. Tell the child to avoid the coffee table because of the sharp edges
C. Remove cleaning solutions and chemicals from lower cabinets.
The nurse examines a class of 7-year-old students during a school health program. According to Erikson's theory, which behavior would the students display? A. Students want to know Who am I? B. Students exhibit a sense of care for others. C. Students show an eagerness to learn social skills. D. Students like to pretend and try out new roles
C. Students show an eagerness to learn social skills.
According to Erikson's theory, which psychosocial developmental changes are observed in middle childhood? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. The child is highly imaginative. B. The child is able to trust others. C. The child is engaged in tasks and activities. D. The child can differentiate between industry and inferiority. E. The child develops self-control and independence.
C. The child is engaged in tasks and activities. D. The child can differentiate between industry and inferiority.
According to Erikson's stages of psychosocial development, which behavior is consistent with a problem involving trust versus mistrust? A. Woman in an abusive relationship is unwilling to leave the abuser B. Man with paranoid schizophrenia demands placement in a private room C. Woman whose parents were chronic alcoholics has problems making friends D. Man with borderline personality disorder is caught stealing from other clients
C. Woman whose parents were chronic alcoholics has problems making friends
The nurse finds that a mother severely punishes her 2-year-old child. Which would the nurse advise the mother, according to Erikson's theory? A. Your behavior may induce a feeling of isolation in your child. B. You need to establish a sense of trust or the child may lose trust in you. C. Your child needs support and love or else he or she may develop feelings of shame and doubt. D. You should control your child's impulses or the child may suffer guilt and frustration.
C. Your child needs support and love or else he or she may develop feelings of shame and doubt.
Based on Erikson's theory of development, which would the nurse suggest to a mother of a toddler who harshly disciplines her child? A. Your behavior may induce a feeling of isolation in your child. B. You need to establish a sense of trust or the child may lose trust in you. C. Your child needs support and love or may develop feelings of shame and doubt. D. You need to control the child's impulses or the child may suffer guilt and frustration.
C. Your child needs support and love or may develop feelings of shame and doubt.
A woman whose husband retired 6 months ago says that he is "driving me crazy" and is "underfoot all the time." These complaints indicate that the wife is in the retirement developmental stage of: A. honeymoon. B. terminal. C. disenchantment. D. freedom.
C. disenchantment.
Maslow's hierarchy of needs states that basic physiological needs must be met before the individual can reach full potential. An example of a physiological need being met is: A. the need to be well thought of by oneself as well as by others. B. obtaining prenatal care early in pregnancy. C. drinking eight glasses of water a day and following a well-balanced diet. D. building an extra room for an elder onto a small house.
C. drinking eight glasses of water a day and following a well-balanced diet.
When the father of a 12-year-old says, "I must find some way to get my son to become serious about school. He just seems to want to play all the time." The parent is in the __________ stage of parenting behaviors described by Erik Erikson. A. parental image B. authority C. integrative D. independent
C. integrative
A school-age child who is helping his father wash the car is told by his father that he is leaving "streaks all over the windows." The child feels his father thinks he's stupid for not being able to wash windows correctly. This incorporation of "being stupid" into the child's self-concept illustrates an example of: A. moral reasoning (Kohlberg). B. information processing (Piaget). C. looking-glass self (Cooley and Mead). D. imitation of behavior (Bandura and Mischel).
C. looking-glass self (Cooley and Mead).
Psychodynamic developmental theories focus on resolution or development of: (Select all that apply.) A. thinking/reasoning skills. B. love/attachment. C. personality traits. D. cultural adjustment. E. psychological challenges
C. personality traits. E. psychological challenges
At what age is a client in Freud's phallic stage of psychosexual development and Erikson's psychosocial phase of initiative versus guilt? A. Birth to 1 year B. Adolescence C. 6 to 12 years D. 3 to 5 years
D. 3 to 5 years
According to Freud, which is a source of pleasure for a toddler-age client that the nurse should educate parents about in regards to normal growth and development? A. Sexual urges B. Genital organs C. Mouth D. Anal zone
D. Anal zone
Which stage of life does the child dressing on his or her own and self-feeding belong to according to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? A. Initiative versus guilt B. Trust versus mistrust C. Industry versus inferiority D. Autonomy verses sense of shame and doubt
D. Autonomy verses sense of shame and doubt
According to Erikson's stages of life, which is the stage of development when a child begins walking, feeding, and using the toilet? A. Trust versus mistrust B. Initiative versus guilt C. Identity versus role confusion D. Autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt
D. Autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt
According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, in which stage would toilet training be achieved? A. Trust versus mistrust B. Initiative versus guilt C. Industry versus inferiority D. Autonomy versus shame
D. Autonomy versus shame
According to Freud, which must occur before an individual is able to have a mature adult sexual relationship? A. Loss of self in another person B. Puberty C. Acquisition of new skills D. Conflict resolution
D. Conflict resolution
Which opposing conflict would a middle-aged adult face according to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? A. Integrity versus despair B. Intimacy versus isolation C. Identity versus role confusion D. Generativity versus self-absorption and stagnation
D. Generativity versus self-absorption and stagnation
Which stage would the nurse expect the middle-aged client who feels unsuccessful in raising their children to have reached, according to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? A. Integrity versus despair stage B. Intimacy versus isolation stage C. Identity versus role confusion stage D. Generativity versus self-absorption and stagnation stage
D. Generativity versus self-absorption and stagnation stage
According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, which earlier developmental stage most strongly affects a person's adjustment to the period of senescence? A. Trust versus mistrust B. Industry versus inferiority C. Identity versus role confusion D. Generativity versus stagnation
D. Generativity versus stagnation senescence = the condition or process of deterioration with age.
Based on Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, which parental behavior is interfering with a 9-year-old's achievement of her or his developmental task? A. Embarrasses child when clothes are soiled or wet B. Censors style of clothing and social interaction with friends C. Is frequently delayed or occupied when the child is hungry or tired D. Gives excessive negative feedback about quality of school project
D. Gives excessive negative feedback about quality of school project
According to Erikson's developmental psychosocial theory, which is expected by 20 years of age? A. Being creative and productive and having concern for others B. Accepting the worth, integrity, and uniqueness of one's past and present life C. Having the capacity for love and a commitment to work D. Having a coherent sense of self and planning to accomplish future goals
D. Having a coherent sense of self and planning to accomplish future goals
Which statement of a client confirms that he or she has reached the intimacy versus isolation stage according to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? A. I donate a large sum of money to the local school every year. B. I want to enjoy my motherhood and that's why I am leaving the job. C. In the winter of my life. D. I did so much for my partner.
D. I did so much for my partner.
According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, which developmental conflict is a college student attempting to resolve as he struggles with indecision about an academic major? A. Initiative versus guilt B. Integrity versus despair C. Industry versus inferiority D. Identity versus role confusion
D. Identity versus role confusion
The nurse is explaining to a parent about Freud's theory of child development. What stages does the nurse include in the discussions? Select all that apply. A. Concrete operation stage B. Formal operation stage C. Sensorimotor stage D. Latency stage E. Phallic stage
D. Latency stage E. Phallic stage
According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, which activity would the nurse encourage for a 75-year-old adult? A. Investing creative energies in promoting social welfare B. Redefining a role in society that offers something of value C. Recapturing those opportunities that were not experienced D. Reflecting on past achievements with a sense of satisfaction
D. Reflecting on past achievements with a sense of satisfaction
Which of these characteristics are found in an adolescent according to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? Select all that apply. One, some, or all responses may be correct. A. The adolescent develops a conscience. B. The adolescent concentrates on work and play. C. The adolescent develops autonomy by making choices. D. The adolescent is concerned about his or her appearance and body image. E. The adolescent acquires a sense of identity by participating in decision-making.
D. The adolescent is concerned about his or her appearance and body image. E. The adolescent acquires a sense of identity by participating in decision-making.
According to Erikson's theory, which suggestion would the nurse make to the parent of a preschooler who is worried about ongoing conflicts with the child because of strict behavior standards? A. Your behavior may induce a feeling of isolation in your child. B. You need to establish a sense of trust. C. Your child needs support and love or may develop feelings of shame and doubt. D. You could cooperate with the child's desires within reason to avoid guilt and frustration for your child.
D. You could cooperate with the child's desires within reason to avoid guilt and frustration for your child.
To promote a sense of industry in a hospitalized school-age child, the health-care worker should: A. encourage the child to read a book. B. ask the parents of the child to bring a favorite toy from home. C. encourage the child to telephone friends and family members. D. ask the child to help pick up all the stuffed toys in the playroom
D. ask the child to help pick up all the stuffed toys in the playroom
The best advice to parents who want to encourage autonomy in their toddler would be to: A. provide opportunities for the toddler to play with other children. B. help the toddler learn right from wrong. C. help the toddler to complete tasks. D. encourage the toddler to do things for himself.
D. encourage the toddler to do things for himself.
According to the language/culture developmental theory of Lev Vygotsky, preschool-age children guide their own behavior by the use of: A. avoidance of punishment. B. imitating older children. C. relying on their autonomy. D. inner language.
D. inner language.
The behavior most characteristic of the concrete operations stage of cognitive development is: A. inability to put oneself in another's place. B. progression from reflex activity to imitative behavior. C. ability to think in abstract terms and draw logical conclusions. D. thought processes become increasingly logical and coherent
D. thought processes become increasingly logical and coherent
Which result would the nurse anticipate when providing care to a preschool-age child who successfully completes tasks associated with this stage of Erikson's theory of psychosocial development? Faith and optimism Devotion and fidelity Direction and purpose Self-control and willpower
Direction and purpose
According to Erikson's theory, at which stage does a child start to have fantasies and an active imagination? A. Trust versus mistrust B. Initiative versus guilt C. Identity versus role confusion D. Autonomy versus sense of shame and doubt
Initiative versus guilt
According to Erikson's theory of psychosocial development, which would the nurse include in the plan of care for a young adult client who is hospitalized? The importance of having support from the client's peers The importance of having support from the client's siblings The importance of having support from the client's parents The importance of having support from the client's significant other
The importance of having support from the client's significant other
Using Erikson's theory of development, which task would the nurse determine that a healthy 9-month-old infant is in the process of achieving? Trust Industry Initiative Autonomy
Trust
Based on Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, which member of the wedding party shows failure to meet their developmental crisis? a. Bridesmaid, aged 27 years, unexpectedly announces that she is in a same-sex relationship b. Bride, aged 25 years, abruptly leaves the church just before the marriage ceremony starts c. Mother of the bride, aged 50 years, cries when the bridal shower is ruined by a family feud c. Grandfather of the bride, aged 71 years, sentimentally reminisces about his own wedding
b. Bride, aged 25 years, abruptly leaves the church just before the marriage ceremony starts
According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, which school-aged child is at risk for failing his developmental task? a. Child A eagerly anticipates doing and sharing a father-son project. b. Child B waits for his mother to finish his school science project. c. Child C and his friends collaborate to build and equip a snow fort. d. Child D prefers to do online chats and games with his friends.
b. Child B waits for his mother to finish his school science project.
ego:
charged with dealing with reality and helps ensure that the demands of the id are satisfied in ways that are realistic, safe, and socially acceptable. thinks about what other ppl would say
According to Freud's theory, The latency stage is seen in?
children ages 6 to 12 years of age.
According to Erikson's psychosocial stages of development, a person's adjustment to the period of adolescence will depend largely on the adjustment the individual made to which developmental stage? A. trust versus mistrust b. Industry versus inferiority c. Generativity versus stagnation d. Identity versus role confusion
d. Identity versus role confusion
Which component of the human personality, according to Freud, allows an individual to judge reality accurately?
ego
According to Sigmund Freud's developmental theory Adolescence is the _______ stage?
genital
According to Sigmund Freud's developmental theory, middle childhood age is the _____ stage?
latent stage
According to Freud, The middle childhood age is in the ________ stage of development.
latent stage of development
id
most primitive part of the personality, source of basic urges. Unconscious, source of libidinal energy. thinks about self - satisyfing themselves !!
According to Freud, an infant is in the ________ stage of development.
oral stage of development.
According to Sigmund Freud's developmental theory, preschool age is in what stage?
phallic stage
According to Freud, The preschool-age is in the ________ stage of development.
phallic stage of development.
according to Freud, The genital organs are a source of pleasure during the _______ stage
preschool
According to Piaget, children typically solve problems by trial and error during the ____________ stage of development.
sensorimotor
