2.1 Notes/questions + REVIEW
Bromine has ________ electrons.
35
First shell in an atomic drawing can hold a max of....electrons
8
Review 1) Describe the major subatomic particles that make up an atom.
An atom is made up of subatomic particles which are protons, neutrons, and electrons. They are electrically neutral due to the setup of them having equal numbers of electrons and protons, which balance each other out due to their negative and positive charges.
What is an Isotope
Atoms of the same element that differ in the number of neutrons they have.
Symbol for Calcium
Ca
What are the main types on Chemical Bonds?
Ionic Bond and a Covalent Bond
How does an Ionic Bond Differ from a Covalent Bond?
Ionic Bonds formed when one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another. Covalent bonds are shared by atoms moving electrons actually travel around the Nuclei of both atoms forming Covalent Bonds.
Review 4) Differences between ionic bonds and covalent bonds?
Ionic bond: one or more electrons are transferred from one atom to another. Covalent bond: bond formed when atoms share 1 electron from each atom.
Number next Isotope signify?
Isotopes mass number
A carbon-13 atom has
It has 6 protons and 7 neutrons
Each square on periodic table includes an element's
Name, chem. symbol, atomic number, atomic mass
How are Isotopes of an Element similar?
They have the same number of electrons and chemical properties.
How can you tel Isotopes of the same element apart
They will have different mass numbers( chemical properties will be the same)
Review 6) Evaluate the model question 5. Describe its usefulness and its limitations.
You can create an atom and see how it is made up. But you cannot see how the atom gives off or forms a bond with another atom.
Difference in covalent and ionic bonds
an ionic bond is a bond bw metal + non metal Covalent is bw metal bonds.
Smallest particle which an element can be divided and still be the same substance is ??
atom
What is not found on the period table
density of each element.
A(n) ..... bond is when a metal bonds with a non-metal
ionic bond
an atom with the same number of protons and a different number of of neutron is called
isotope
Electrons are particles that are
negatively charged outside the nucleus
Mass number minus atomic number equals
number of neutrons
nucleus is made out of particles of
protons and neutrons
Review 3) Compare the physical and chemical properties of a compound to those of the elements of which it is composed.
Th ephysical and chemical properties of a compound is usually very different than the elements of what they were made for example sodium as metal soft enough to cut it reacts explosively with water
An atom of gold with 79 protons, 79 electrons, and 118 neutrons would have a mass number of
39
Buffers
Buffers are weak acids and bases that can react with strong acids or bases to prevent sharp changes in blood Ph, these are usually prevented by a number of chemical Buffers such as a bicarbonate/Phosphate Ions.
Element
Pure substance made up of entirely one type of atom.
Strontium has .....neutrons
50
Review 2) Explain why isotopes of an element have the same chemical properties.
Because they have the same number of electrons as an atom of the specific element but they are different in numbers of neutrons, affecting the mass number
Explain what we use biological isotopes for
We use these for dating of fossils by geologists who use it for rocks, we use it as radiation to detect cancer and kill bacteria that cause food to spoil. We also use it as labels aka "tracers" to follow movement of substances within organisms.
Review 5)How could you use red, blue, and yellow marbles to model a carbon atom?
Arrange yellow and blue in the center as proton and neutron while red as electrons revolving in a different shell. Explanation: Carbon atom; 6 protons=6 neutrons present in nucleus of atom + 6 electrons in the shell. Inner shell has 2 -outer most shell has 4 electrons. Use three color balls as an electron, proton, and neutron to model the carbon atom.
