24.1 - 24.3 : the urinary system, anatomy of the kidneys
Starting with the most superficial layer, list the layers of connective tissue surrounding the kidney.
Renal fascia, adipose capsule, and renal capsule
Which of the following sequences correctly follows the flow of blood, from largest to smallest, after the renal artery to just before the peritubular capillaries?
Segmental artery, interlobar artery, arcuate artery, interlobular artery, afferent arteriole, glomerulus, and efferent arteriole
Which statement best describes the function of tubular reabsorption?
Tubular reabsorption reclaims items from filtrate and returns them to the blood.
The glomerular capillaries are drained by the ______.
efferent arterioles
The glomerulus is a group of _______________ capillaries, which allow large volumes of fluids and solutes to be exchanged.
fenestrated
Filtered fluid leaving the glomerular capillaries immediately enters the:
glomerular capsule
Which of the following functions is not associated with the kidneys?
hematopoiesis
The renal artery, renal vein, renal nerves, and ureter all enter and exit through the _____.
hilum
Where does blood in the arcuate artery travel next on its journey toward the glomerulus?
interlobular artery
A tightly packed group of cells where the ascending limb of the nephron loop and the distal tubule transition are known as the:
macula densa
Which of the following structures are found in the renal medulla?
nephron loop
The functional units of the kidneys are __________.
nephrons
The visceral layer of the glomerular capsule is covered with specialized epithelial cells called:
podocytes
The ______ is not an organ involved with the urinary system.
prostate gland
All of the following physiological processes are carried out by the kidneys except:
protection
The portion of the renal tubule through which filtrate initially flows is known as the __________.
proximal tubule
Which of the following structures is made up of simple cuboidal epithelium with many microvilli that help increase surface area?
proximal tubule
The _____ is an extremely thin layer of dense connective tissue that covers the kidney.
renal capsule
The process of filtration occurs at the __________.
renal corpuscle
Which part of the nephron is responsible for filtering blood?
renal corpuscle
The two main divisions of the nephron are the:
renal corpuscle and renal tubule.
In cortical nephrons, the:
renal corpuscle lies in the outer portion of the renal cortex.
In which kidney region are the renal pyramids located?
renal medulla
The area of the kidney that drains urine is the ______.
renal pelvis
Urine drains from a major calyx into __________.
renal pelvis
All of the following functions are associated with the kidney except:
retention of metabolic wastes.
The distal tubule is made up of:
simple cuboidal epithelium with very few microvilli.
Urine is transported from kidney to the urinary bladder by the __________.
ureter
Which of the following functions are performed by the urinary system?
Maintain fluid and electrolyte balance and remove metabolic wastes
