25.1 What is an animal? & 25.2 Animal Body Plans and Evolution
how do animals maintain homeostasis?
1. gathering and responding to info 2. obtaining and distributing oxygen and nutrients 3. collecting and eliminating carbon dioxide and other wastes
What percent of the animal species do invertebrates make up?
95%
zygotes
a fertilized egg
blastula
a hallow ball of cells that a zygote develops into
What is an invertebrate?
an animal that lacks a backbone or vertebral column
left and right sides are mirror images
bilateral symmetry
the blastula folds in on itself and creates a tube that becomes the digestive tract; the tube has a single opening called...?
blastospore
most chordates have a large number of nerve cells concentrated into a...?
brain
levels of organiztion
cells, tissues, organs, organ systems
concentration of sense organs and nerves near the anterior (head) end
cephalization
what groups of animals are vertebrates?
chordates with backbones
what requires the coordinated actions of the digestive, circulatory, and excretory systems?
collecting and eliminating metabolic wastes
blastospore becomes the anus
deuterostomes (chordates and echinoderms)
what process allows some aquatic animals to "breathe" through their sken
diffusion
outermost germ layer
ectoderm
innermost germ layer
endoderm
differentiation of germ layers
endoderm, mesoderm, and ectoderm
do insects have external or internal skeletons
external
examples of vertebrates
fish, amphibians, reptiles, mammals, and birds
Name 4 characteristics of animals
heterotrophs, eukaryotes, lack cell wall, and are multicellular
do vertebrates have external or internal skeletons
internal
how does muscle tissue generate force?
it shortens
which structure performs a function most similar to that of gills
lung
middle germ layer
mesoderm
what system gathers info through receptors for sound, light, chemicals and other stimuli?
nervous
name 4 things that invertebrates don't have that vertebrates do
no backbones, nerve cord, notochord, tail, or pharyngeal pouches
an advantage of asexual reproduction
produces large numbers of offspring rapidly
blastospore becomes the mouth
protostomes (most invertebrates)
body symmetry
radial and bilateral symmetry
body parts extend from a central point
radial symmetry
segmentation
repeated parts
what activity is required for survival of the species but not survival of the organism
reproduction
in complex animals, which 3 body systems work to obtain/distribute oxygen/nutrients
respiratory, digestive, and circulatory systems
examples of invertebrates
sea stars, insects, worms, and jellyfish
how do the respiratory system and excretory system differ in the wastes they eliminate?
the respiratory system eliminates carbon dioxide. the excretory system eliminates ammonia
