2.6.D15.3 French Revolution Study Guide

Who was Abbe Sieyes and what did he argue in his pamphlet, "Who is the Third Estate"?

Abbe Sieyes was a clergyman and political theorist,he argued that the first and the second estate were irrelevant and not needed ,That the Third Estate constituted the nation .

How did the absolute monarchy emerge in European History?

Absolutism emerged because of the decline of the feudal system.

What is the First Estate?

An Estate within the Old Regime consisting of the Clergy (ordained members of the Catholic Church) It made up 0.5% of the population in France.

What was the Third Estate

An Estate within the Old Regime consisting of the Clergy (ordained members of the Catholic Church) It made up 5% of the population in France.

Why did the French declare war against Austria?

Austria and Prussia lent support to the king louis xvi against the French Revolution in hopes that the monarch would be restored.

Why was France in a Finacial Crisis

France was in a financial crisis because they had helped the American colonies and they fought in the Seven Years War.They are in debt from war.

According to Locke, why are governments instituted?

Governments are instituted to protect people's three natural rights

What is the state of nature?

How humans behaved before an established government .

What is the Social Contract Theroy ?

Is a theory of government that suggests people are born free and equal by natural right, and that this in turn requires their consent to be governed.

Define The French Revolution

Period of Social Upheaval from 1789 to 1799 where the old regime was overturned by a new revolutionary social and political order within France.

What kind of government was created by the French Constitution of 1791?

The Constitution of 1791 created a constitutional monarchy.

What complicated the estates general?

The estates general was complicated because each estate held a single vote and reforms could not be passed unless 2 of the 3 Estates agreed.If this is traditional single vote system was upheld at the Estates General,the Third Estate would certainly be at a political disadvantage and a economic reforms were guaranteed to be rejected

How did Austria and Prussia View the Revolution

They saw it as a threat to their kingdoms; they did not want their people to catch ideas of revolting.

Who were the Emergies ?

They saw it as a threat to their kingdoms; they did not want their people to catch ideas of revolting.

Why did the French declare war against Austria?

They tried to make France become a monarchy again.

What happened during the Tennis Court Oath?

They vowed not to separate until the creation of the French constitution.

Who is the e Bourgeoisie?

They were members of the third estate but were wealthier than peasants.Bourgeoisie included doctors,merchants,lawyers.They were educated so they believed and studied enlightenment ideas of liberty and equality.

What was the Second Estate

This Estate was part of the Old Regime consisting of Nobility-people with privileges made up 1% of the population.

How did Locke and Hobbes differ in their understanding of the statue of nature?

Thomas Hobbes believed that if peoples state of nature was bad they needed to be under one strict leader(Monarch). John Locke believed that people could govern themselves and look over their own welfare.

What is the Reign of Terror?

a period of remorseless repression or bloodshed, in particular the period of the Terror during the French Revolution.

What is an absolute monarchy?

A form in government in which a monarch (king or queen) holds supreme autocratic authority that is not restricted by written laws, legislatures or customs The law is essentially what the king and queen want the law to be

What was the Decleration of the Rights of Man and Citizen?Why was it important.

A fundamental legal document of the French Revolution that set forth rights of French Citizens while specifying the aims of the government. It is important because it granted civil rights to citizens.

What is absolutism?

A political system where a ruler is usually a monarch has total absolute power.

What is the Brunswick Manifesto

A proclamation that stated if the French Royalty was hurt the civilians would be hurt.

What is the Estates General?

A representative assembly who is called and drawn by the king.It was called to reform the financial problem France had at the time.

What is the National Assembly

A revolutionary assembly established by the Third Estate with the aim of securing economic reforms.On June 17 without the approval of the first and second estates,the Third Estate created the nation assembly and made themselves the true representatives of the nation .

What are the four causes of the French Revolution?

Bad Harvest and Food Shortage Enlightenment ideas/ rational view of society and politicsFinancial Crisis Social inequality among the three estates.

What was the Women's March to Versailles, and why was it significant?

Because of Food Shortages and Unemployment Women took matters into their own their own hands by marching to Versailles taking the Royal Family to return to Paris to corporate with the National Assembly

What is the Old Regime?

Essentially a term we use to describe the prevailing political and social order in France prior to the French Revolution, which was fundamentally an absolute monarchy.

What were the three major parties that made up the Legislative Assembly? How did they differ from one another?

Jacobins -radicals who sat on the left and opposed and wanted sweeping changes in the way the government was run. Gridons-moderates who sat in the center and wanted some change in the government but not as many as the radicals. Monarchist -conservatives who sat on the right and wanted to maintain a limited monarchy.

What is feudalism and what led to its decline?

Kings extracted military aid and loyalty from the Lords in exchange for land. Lords extracted military and homage from Knights and in exchange for food, shelter, and protection. Peasants extracted food, shelter, and protection from the Knights for land.After the arrival of gunpowder Knights where no longer needed. Instead the King could pay gun yielding soldiers who more effective in battle and defense.

Who is Maximilien Robespierre?

Leader of the Jacobins he becomes leader of the National Convention and enacts the Reign of Terror

What are natural rights?

Life, Liberty, and Property

How did Locke and Hobbes differ in their understanding of why people make a social contract?

Locke argued that the government is here to protect the people's rights. Hobbes argued that we need a strong leader to make a social contract with because the people are chaotic.

Who occupied the French Monarchy?

Louis XVI and Marie Antoinette

How did the Enlightenment change French people's views of society?

The Enlightenment changed the French people's views of society because there was unequal treatment in the estates .The enlightenment pushed protecting rights and overthrowing governments if they didn't protect their rights so it made them change their judgements of the absolute monarchy.

How was land distributed among the three estates?

The First and Second Estate owned 30% of the land. The First and Second Estate owned lots of land/better land to farm on.The Third Estate owned 70% of the land. The Third Estate owned small acres of land which was not much to farm on.

How did the Girondins and Jacobs differ in their understanding of how the revolution should progress moving forward? (Each group wanted to address different threats and challenges)

The Girodins wanted the Revolution to end because its purpose was already complete.Jacobs wanted to still keep the revolution going because their was enemies inside the revolution.

How was the population distributed among the three estates?

The first and second estate made up 2 percent of the population.The third estate made up 97 percent of the population.

Explain how social inequality was a pervasive problem throughout the Old Regime?

The third estate which was peasants and bourgeoisie paid more taxes than the wealthy nobles and clergy. Also, because of the agrarian economy the first and second estate had an unfair amount of land.

Who was the Committee of Public Safety?

formed the provisional government in France during the Reign of Terror, a phase of the French Revolution.