275 exam 2

One strategy for including empty calories into a healthy diet is to eat them:

at 8% to 19% of total calories.

A client is asking the nurse to explain the focus of the Healthy People program. The nurse's BEST response is that the focus of 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans is which of the following? set ten goals for diabetes education. ensure that every child receives immunizations on time. prevent cancer. focus on healthy eating patterns as a whole

focus on healthy eating patterns as a whole

Compared to a healthy U.S.-style eating pattern, a Mediterranean-style eating plan is higher in a. Vegetables and whole grains b. Seafood and fruits c. Olive oil and dairy d. Nuts and vegetables

b. Seafood and fruits

The majority of foodborne illnesses resulting in death are caused by: viruses. bacteria. fungi. parasites.

bacteria. (The majority of foodborne illnesses resulting in death are caused by Staphylococcus aureus, Toxoplasma gondii, and Listeria monocytogenes, which are all bacteria.)

A client states that there is no way he can eat all the vegetables recommended in his MyPlate plan. Which of the following would be the nurse's best response? a. "If you can't eat all the vegetables, make up for the difference by eating more fruit." b. "Be sure you take a daily multivitamin to provide the nutrients that may be missing from your diet." c. "Set a goal of eating larger quantities of the vegetable servings you currently eat and gradually increase the servings and variety as you become more skillful in adding vegetables to your diet." d. "No one can. The recommendations are only a guide. Just eat what you can."

c. "Set a goal of eating larger quantities of the vegetable servings you currently eat and gradually increase the servings and variety as you become more skillful in adding vegetables to your diet."

The DGA recommend Americans a. Eliminate their intake of refined grains b. Reduce their intake of seafood c. Limit added sugars to less than 10% of total calories d. Eat calorically dense foods

c. Limit added sugars to less than 10% of total calories

What type of diet is a dysphagia diet? a.Prepared in a blender b.Liquid c.Modified consistency d.Mechanically ground

c. Modified consistency (Rationale: Dysphagia diets are another variation of modified consistency diets)

"Moderate" alcohol consumption is a. Three to four drinks per week for women, six to eight drinks per week for men b. Up to one drink per day for both men and women c. Up to one drink per day for women, up to two drinks per day for men d. Up to two drinks per day for women, up to three drinks per day for men

c. Up to one drink per day for women, up to two drinks per day for men

T/F Ingredient listings and Nutrition Facts labels are reliable and accurate by law.

True (Rationale: Although ingredient listings and Nutrition Facts labels are reliable and accurate by law, advertising made to resemble newsworthy articles or featuring celebrity endorsements can blur the line between false advertising and freedom of speech.)

A client has coronary artery disease. Which of the following herbal supplements is most likely to be helpful with his condition? saw palmetto garlic cranberry Echinacea

garlic

A client is taking multiple medications daily for the treatment of HIV. Which of the following supplements should the nurse tell the client to avoid? garlic Echinacea saw palmetto cranberry

garlic

The nurse explains to a client that a food label includes all of the following with the exception of what information? genetically modified organisms. nutrient, health, and structure/function claims. an ingredients list. Nutrition Facts.

genetically modified organisms.

If a product's Nutrition Facts label lists 15% as the percent daily value (%DV) for calcium, which nutrient claim regarding calcium can be added to the package? less low good source rich in

good source

Which of the ten leading causes of death in the United States are associated with dietary excesses? Select all that apply. nephritis, nephrotic syndrome, and nephrosis stroke chronic lower respiratory disease heart disease cancer

heart disease cancer stroke

The nurse is explaining supplements to a client. The nurse correctly explains which of the following is a plant or part of a plant used to decrease health problems? amino acid mineral herb vitamin

herb

When describing the overall goals of Dietary Guidelines for Americans to a client who wants to make changes in his eating pattern, which is the best way for the nurse to describe this initiative? It is an initiative aimed at maximizing health disparities among Americans. It is an initiative aimed at improving the health of people with chronic disease. It is an initiative aimed at helping people make higher quality food choices. It is an initiative aimed at helping people eliminate fat from their diets.

It is an initiative aimed at helping people make higher quality food choices.

A client asks the nurse how to develop a healthy eating plan. Which of the following is the nurse's BEST response? "Consume at least 2,800 calories per day." "Exercise for at least 20 minutes three times per week." " Select an eating pattern that meets nutrient needs over time." "Account for all foods consumed except beverages."

" Select an eating pattern that meets nutrient needs over time."

The nurse is seeing a client who wants to know whether consuming empty calories will lead to a weight gain. Which of the following responses by the nurse would be CORRECT? "Consuming empty calories, in any amount, will lead to a weight gain." "An allowance for empty calories allows an individual to consume small amounts of empty calories in the daily eating plan without gaining weight." "Consuming even a small amount of empty calories prevents the individual from meeting nutrient needs and leads to weight gain." "If you have not gained weight by now, you will not gain weight from empty calories."

"An allowance for empty calories allows an individual to consume small amounts of empty calories in the daily eating plan without gaining weight."

A client asks about exercise and amounts of fats, sugars, and sodium for a 2,000-calorie daily food plan. The nurse's BEST response is: "Reduce sodium intake to less than 4000 mg a day." "Your allowance for oils is 9 teaspoons per day.." "Limit calories from solid fats and added sugars to 320 calories a day.." "Be physically active for at least 30 minutes most days of the week."

"Be physically active for at least 30 minutes most days of the week."

A client reports adopting the Healthy US-style eating plan recommended by the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. What response should the nurse make to this client? "This is the best eating plan for ill Americans." "Many people find it difficult to follow because it omits meat." "You may find that it includes fewer vegetables than typical eating patterns." "Consider adding more foods fortified with vitamin D.'

"Consider adding more foods fortified with vitamin D.'

A client wants to maintain their current weight with a healthy eating pattern. The nurse uses the Dietary Guidelines for Americans to make which recommendation? "Limit the variety of protein foods to lean red meat, poultry, and eggs." "Increase consumption of protein foods higher in solid fats." "Ensure at least two-thirds of your grain intake consists of whole grains." "Eat a variety of vegetables, inlcuding dark green, red, and orange vegetables"

"Eat a variety of vegetables, inlcuding dark green, red, and orange vegetables"

The nurse is seeing a client who indicates a desire to incorporate a specific nutrient into their diet after watching a news brief on the benefits of the dietary supplement. The client reports not knowing how much of the supplement to take because this was not discussed on the news. Which response by the nurse is most approriate? "Your belief in this supplement is unsupported but likely harmless." "How do you believe this supplement is going to change your health?" "I don't think this is going to work for you." "You have been the victim of false information."

"How do you believe this supplement is going to change your health?"

The nurse has been teaching a patient with cancer about the food recommendations specific to the American Cancer Society Guidelines for Nutrition and Physical Activity for Cancer Prevention. The nurse knows that the client needs more teaching when the client makes which statement? "I will increase my consumption of red meats." "I should eat a variety of foods with an emphasis on plant sources." "I will choose foods and beverages in amounts that help me achieve and maintain a healthy weight." "I will eat at least 2 1/2 cups of vegetables and fruits each day."

"I will increase my consumption of red meats."

The nurse is discussing Dietary Guidelines for Americans with an adult client. The nurse recognizes that the client needs additional teaching when the client makes what statement? "I will control calorie intake to manage body weight." "I will limit my intake of saturated fats." "I will limit my sodium intake to no more than 3500 mg per day." "I will increase physical activity and reduce time spent in sedentary behaviors."

"I will limit my sodium intake to no more than 3500 mg per day."

A client asks how to avoid consuming empty calories. Which of the following is the nurse's best response? "Empty calories do not need to be limited and may be consumed at any time of the day." "Limit foods that have sugar listed in the first few ingredients." "Eliminate sugar from the diet completely." "Avoid any drinks that contain calories."

"Limit foods that have sugar listed in the first few ingredients."

The nurse is teaching a nutrition class to help clients move toward a healthier lifestyle using Dietary Guidelines for Americans. What statement would the nurse include in the session? "Skim milk is the only type of milk you should drink." "Make one third of your plate fruits and vegetables." "Choose frozen meals whenever possible." "Make at least half your grains whole grains."

"Make at least half your grains whole grains."

A client asks the nurse to explain the Dietary Guidelines for Americans. What statement would the nurse correctly include in the summary? "Eliminate refined grains from your eating plan." "Lean proteins should make up roughly half of your daily calorie intake." "Make high quality choices, within the right calorie limit." "Drink whole milk fortified with vitamin D."

"Make high quality choices, within the right calorie limit."

A student asks the nurse whether he should use the Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs) to plan his nutrition for the day. Which of the following is the nurse's BEST response? "No, the DRIs are used only by registered dietitians." "No, the DRIs are primarily for professional use because they deal with quantities of nutrients rather than amounts of food." "Yes, the DRIs include RDAs, AIs, EARs, and ULs for all nutrients." "Yes, all individuals should use the DRIs to plan an individual nutritional plan."

"No, the DRIs are primarily for professional use because they deal with quantities of nutrients rather than amounts of food."

A client from England asks the nurse about Great Britain's food guide. Which of the following is the CORRECT response by the nurse? "Choose refined grain varieties whenever possible." "Try to eat less salt—no more than 8 grams per day." "The 'Eatwell Plate' shows how much of what you eat should come from each food group." "Base your meals on protein foods."

"The 'Eatwell Plate' shows how much of what you eat should come from each food group."

A client asks the nurse to explain about the Daily Checklist calorie level. Which of the following responses by the nurse would be CORRECT? "The specific Daily Checklist recommended for an individual is an estimate of how many calories a person of similar age and average height and weight needs to maintain an appropriate weight." "The Daily Checklist recommended for an individual is an exact individual requirement." "Even if a person has a BMI under 18.5 or over 24.9, the Daily Checklist is an accurate indication of the number of calories a person needs to maintain an appropriate weight." "If the individual follows the specific Daily Checklist, the BMI will eventually fall under the normal value."

"The specific Daily Checklist recommended for an individual is an estimate of how many calories a person of similar age and average height and weight needs to maintain an appropriate weight."

A female client has asked the nurse about including alcohol in a healthy diet. When teaching the client about moderation in drinking, what is the maximum number of drinks per day the nurse would recommend for this client? Record the answer as a whole number.

1

Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs)

an intake range as a percentage of total calories for energy nutrients.

Drinking alcohol in moderation means how many drinks per day for men? Enter the correct number ONLY.

2

MyPlate attempts to limit confusion regarding appropriate portion size by linking specific amounts of foods to the total number of calories in a food plan. What recommendation coincides with a 2,000-calorie daily food plan? 5 ounces of grains per day 2 1/2 cups of vegetables per day 3 cups of fruit per day 1 cup of dairy per day

2 1/2 cups of vegetables per day

A client reports eating nutrient dense foods the majority of the time. Which food item should the nurse recommend that the client increase the intake? Brown rice Mushroom soup Bacon Canned peaches

Brown rice

AMDRs Percentages

Carbs: 45-65% Fat: 20-35% Protein: 10-35%

Which of the following is a CORRECT statement of 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans objectives related to food and nutrient consumption? Decrease the contribution of whole grains to the overall diet Increase consumption of saturated fat Increase consumption of calories from solid fats Choose eating a whole fruit more often

Choose eating a whole fruit more often

Which of the following is a primary crop grown in the Unites States using food biotechnology? Corn Mangos Avocados Papayas

Corn

A client asks for dietary suggestions to reduce the risk of developing cancer. What should the nurse recommend to this client? Increase the intake of energy-dense foods Eat a variety of fruits and vegetables Achieve a body mass index of underweight Increase the intake of lamb

Eat a variety of fruits and vegetables

According to the Dietary Guidelines for Americans, Americans who eat a healthful diet do which of the following? Select all that apply. Balance calorie intake with calorie needs. Eat a variety of nutrient-dense foods within and across food groups. Omit refined grains and saturated fats from the diet. Drink low-fat or fat-free milk instead of whole milk. Limit alcohol to 3 drinks per day.

Eat a variety of nutrient-dense foods within and across food groups. Drink low-fat or fat-free milk instead of whole milk. Balance calorie intake with calorie needs.

T/F Dietary supplements are required to carry warning labels approved by the FDA.

False (Rationale: Unlike drugs, supplements are not required to carry warning labels about potential side effects, adverse effects, or supplement-drug interactions nor are there advisories about who should not use the product.)

The nurse is preparing to teach a nutrition class. In order to explain the benefits of food irradiation, which of the following points should the nurse include? Food irradiation reduces foodborne illness. Food irradiation prevents cross-contamination. Food irradiation masks signs of spoilage. Food irradiation causes radioactive fallout.

Food irradiation reduces foodborne illness.

The nurse refers to the Recommended Dietary Allowances when structuring a client's eating plan. What should the nurse emphasize as being used when these allowances were designed? Basal metabolic rate scales Body mass index measurements Height and weight charts Plasma nutrient concentrations

Plasma nutrient concentrations

A client is concerned because a new heart problem has developed despite following the US style eating plan. Which electrolyte should the nurse consider as being the most affected by this eating plan? Sodium Potassium Phosphorus Calcium

Potassium

While teaching about the Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs), the nurse has included which of the following points in the discussion? RDAs recommendations apply to people with chronic diseases. RDAs represent requirements for macronutrients only. RDAs are appropriate for healthy individuals in all age groups. RDAs are the same as dietary reference intakes.

RDAs are appropriate for healthy individuals in all age groups.

A client has a BMI of 35 and wants to lose weight. Which of the following recommendations from the 2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans should the nurse make to this client in order to support his weight loss success? Reduce the intake of calories from solid fats. Keep polyunsaturated fat consumption as low as possible. Increase foods that contain refined grains. Increase intake of foods such as partially hydrogenated oils.

Reduce the intake of calories from solid fats.

Which of the following is typically true of breaking news reports? Studies are complete. Clear conclusions are drawn from results. Causation and correlation are distinguished. Results may be generalized to apply to a large population.

Results may be generalized to apply to a large population.

Which pathogen is shown to cause over one third of foodborne illness but not foodborne illnesses resulting in hospitalization and death? Salmonella, nontyphoidal E. coli Listeria monocytogenes Toxoplasma gondii

Salmonella, nontyphoidal (Salmonella, nontyphoidal causes 35% of foodborne illness resulting in hospitalization but not death.)

A client is taking a selective serotonin reuptake inhibitor for treatment of depression. The nurse should remind the client to avoid which of the following herbal supplements? ginseng St. John's wort Echinacea milk thistle

St. John's wort (St. John's wort should not be used with antidepressant medications.)

The nurse is explaining the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) regulation of dietary supplements to a client who wants to know if a particular supplement is safe. Which information will the nurse share regarding the role of FDA regulation? The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) must prove danger. The manufacturer must prove safety with significant scientific agreement (SSA). Ingredients that became available after October 1994 do not require a safety review. Consumer advisories ban the sale of dangerous products.

The U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) must prove danger.

A nurse is assisting a client in learning how to read food labels. Teaching has been effective when after reviewing an ingredients list including whole-wheat flour, sunflower oil, and salt, in that order the client tells the nurse which of the following? There is more whole-wheat flour than salt. Salt has the highest quantity. There is more sunflower oil than whole-wheat flour. There is one third as much salt by weight as whole-wheat flour.

There is more whole-wheat flour than salt.

The client reads a package lists a product as low in saturated fat. The nurse correctly states that this is an example of which of the following? a qualified health claim. an unqualified health claim. a nutrient claim. a structure/function claim.

a nutrient claim.

Dietary Reference Intakes (DRIs)

a set of four nutrient-based reference values used to plan and evaluate diets.

The nurse knows her instructions about portion sizes have been effective when the client verbalizes that ½ cup cooked cereal looks like a. A ½ baseball b. An adult handful c. A ping-pong ball d. A softball

a. A ½ baseball

The greatest percentage of calories in the diet should come from a. Carbohydrates b. Protein c. Fat d. Either carbohydrate or protein

a. Carbohydrates

The nurse knows her instructions about grain equivalents have been understood when the client verbalizes that one grain equivalent is equal to a. One slice of bread b. Two cups of ready-to-eat cereal c. One cup of cooked pasta d. One cup of cooked rice

a. One slice of bread

Which of the following items is not nutrient dense? a. Whole milk b. Whole wheat bread c. Orange juice d. Steamed broccoli

a. Whole milk

Enteral nutrition is a way of providing nutrition for people who have an inadequate oral intake. What is the other criteria for enteral nutrition? a.Partially functioning GI tract b.Nonfunctioning GI tract c.Obstructed GI tract Patient is comatose

a.Partially functioning GI tract (Rationale: Enteral nutrition (EN) is a way of providing nutrition for patients who are unable to consume an adequate oral intake but have at least a partially functional GI tract that is accessible and safe to use.)

Adequate Intake (AI)

an intake level thought to meet or exceed the requirement of almost all members of a life stage and gender group. An AI is set when there are insufficient data to define an RDA.

A client with a metabolic disorder takes several medications daily, including cholesterol lowering agents, antihypertensives, and antidiabetics. Which herbal supplement is most likely to be safe for the client to take? cranberry ginkgo biloba St. John's wort ginseng

cranberry

A nurse is counseling a patient with breast cancer who would like to reduce the risk of recurrence by increasing his intake of natural functional foods. Which of the following should the nurse recommend? dark green vegetables blueberries oats nuts

dark green vegetables

Healthy eating patterns incorporate variety within the food groups. What vegetable subgroups should be included in the diet each week? Select all that apply. legumes red and orange vegetables dark green vegetables starchy vegetables drinks made with at least 25% vegetable juice

dark green vegetables red and orange vegetables legumes starchy vegetables

Which of the following is required to list a claim on dietary supplement packaging?

disclaimer

The nurse is explaining to a client who has some nutritional deficiencies that manufacturers are required to list the %DV for which of the following nutrients in a product that is not enriched or fortified? zinc vitamin D iron folate

iron (Manufacturers are required to list the %DV of only four vitamins and minerals: vitamin A, vitamin C, calcium and iron, unless the food is enriched or fortified with others.)

Which of the following is a treatment that destroys bacteria and parasites that cause foodborne illnesses? hybridization genetic modification organic farming irradiation

irradiation

Estimated Energy Requirements (EERs)

level of calorie intake estimated to maintain weight in normal-weight individuals based on age, gender, height, weight, and activity.

The nurse is teaching a community nutrition class. Which fact about certified organic livestock will the nurse share with the participants? may recieve growth hormones need to obtain 50% of feed through grazing must be raised on 100% organic feed can be provided antibiotics

must be raised on 100% organic feed

Which information will the nurse provide to the patient who asks about the Facts Up Front label? needs to list the amount of unsaturated fat is required on packaged foods is overseen by the U.S. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) must include caloric information

must include caloric information

While teaching a class on nutrition, the nurse should encourage clients to try to consume more of which of the following nutrients listed on the nutrition facts label? saturated fat potassium cholesterol total fat

potassium

The Acceptable Macronutrient Distribution Ranges (AMDRs) are broad ranges for each energy nutrient. Which of the following is the CORRECT percentage of AMDRs for adults? fat 5-10% linoleic acid 0.6-1.2% protein 10-35% carbohydrate 20-35%

protein 10-35%

A client developed fever, nausea and vomiting after eating a salad. The nurse suspects which of the following ingredients most likely caused her illness? cooked carrots baked apples hard-boiled eggs raw sprouts

raw sprouts

A client's sister had a deep-vein thrombosis, and the client is concerned that she herself might be prong to clotting. Which of the following functional foods might be beneficial? red wine cabbage soy yogurt

red wine

A client asks a nurse, "How do I know I that the vitamin supplement I buy at the supermarket is good enough for my family?" The nurse explains that supplement manufacturers must provide the FDA with what type of information before marketing a new dietary ingredient? safety potential interactions appropriate dosage effectiveness

safety

While teaching a nutrition class for clients who want to prevent heart disease, the nurse discusses that on a Nutrition Facts label, which of the following listed nutrients should consumers try to limit? saturated fat potassium iron vitamin A

saturated fat

The nurse is seeing a client who wants to reduce ingestion of pesticide residue. Which food will the nurse recommend that the client obtain as organic rather than conventional? asparagus sweet corn avocados spinach

spinach

Serving Size

the amount of food "officially" recommended, for example, ½ cup of pasta.

Portion Size

the amount of food usually consumed at one time (e.g., 3 cups of spaghetti served as a restaurant entrée).

Recommended Dietary Allowances (RDAs)

the average daily dietary intake level sufficient to meet the nutrient requirement of 97% to 98% of healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group.

Tolerable Upper Intake Level (UL)

the highest average daily intake level of a nutrient likely to pose no danger to most individuals in the group.

Estimated Average Requirement (EAR)

the nutrient intake estimated to meet the requirement of half of the healthy individuals in a particular life stage and gender group.

You find a 1975 research study on a university website that was conducted in the university's laboratories. It concludes that taking a common over-the-counter medication can reduce needed sleep by 10 minutes. As a tired student, you find this appealing. You should question the reliability of these results because: the study is outdated. the results sound too good to be true. the study was not conducted in a reputable research facility. the promoter of the message stands to benefit economically.

the study is outdated.

2015-2020 Dietary Guidelines for Americans aims to have people focus on the quality of food intake as a whole rather than in individual food groups. True or false?

true.

The AIs are similar to the RDA, but with the AI, it is not known what percentage of people are meeting nutritional needs. This statement is:"

true.

The Estimated Energy Requirements (EERs) provide guidance for clients who want to maintain a healthy weight. This statement is:

true.

Unless a person has participated in a nutrient requirement study, it is impossible to quantify exact nutrient requirements for an individual. This statement is: false. true.

true.