305 example questions

Which of the following are a therapeutic option for patients with lung cancer? a. Surgical resection b. Radiotherapy c. Laser d. Chemotherapy

a, b, and c

The chest radiograph is often of little help in the diagnosis of nosocomial pneumonia in mechanically ventilated patients in the ICU because these individuals often have other reasons for radiographic abnormalities. true or false?

True

Which of the following individuals should be immunized against influenza? 1. 65-year-old individual 2. Respiratory therapist 3. Individual with chronic heart disease 4. Individual with glaucoma a. 1, 2, and 3 only b. 2 and 4 only c. 1 and 3 only d. 1, 2, 3, and 4

a. 1, 2, and 3 only

Which of the following would interfere with the collection of a good sputum sample for Gram stain? 1. Contamination of the sample with oral secretions 2. Lack of productive cough 3. Prior antibiotic therapy 4. Rinsing with mouthwash prior to sputum collection a. 1, 2, and 3 only b. 2 and 4 only c. 3 only d. 1 and 4 only

a. 1, 2, and 3 only

hich of the following pulmonary function improvements have been associated with lung volume-reduction surgery (LVRS) in patients with emphysema? 1. Improved exercise endurance 2. Improved FEV1 3. Improved quality-of-life 4. Improved survival a. 1, 3, and 4 only b. 2 and 4 only c. 3 only d. 2, 3, and 4 only

a. 1, 3, and 4 only

What is the classic radiographic finding present in many end-stage interstitial lung diseases (ILDs)? a. Cystic pattern called honeycombing b. Pleural disease uncommon c. Prominent bibasilar infiltrates d. Severe hyperinflation

a. Cystic pattern called honeycombing

Which of the following signs associated with COPD is considered a late manifestation? a. Accessory muscle usage b. Frequent coughing c. Shortness of breath d. Wheezing

a. accessory muscle usage

What is the primary pathologic change that occurs in interstitial lung disease? a. Alveolar-capillary membrane structures replaced by fibrotic tissue b. Bronchial submucosal gland hypertrophy c. Bronchoconstriction of medium to small airways d. Increased sputum production

a. alveolar-capillary membrane structures replaced by fibrotic tissue

55. Your patient has bronchiectasis. Which of the following therapies is most needed? a. Antibiotics b. Bronchodilators c. Incentive spirometry d. Oxygen

a. antibiotics

The presence of pleural calcification on the chest film is consistent with what type of interstitial lung disease (ILD)? a. Asbestosis b. Coal worker's pneumoconiosis c. Sarcoidosis d. Silicosis

a. asbestosis

What medical problems are suggested by Mr. Jones' medical history? a. Chronic bronchitis b. Emphysema c. Occupational asthma d. Obstructive bronchiectasis

a. chronic bronchitis

What medication is currently the most effective for the treatment of asthma? a. Corticosteroids b. Fast-acting beta-2 agonists c. Long-acting beta-2 agonists d. Nonsteroidal antiinflammatory drugs

a. corticosteriods

What symptoms are most common in the patient with interstitial lung disease? a. Exertional dyspnea and nonproductive cough b. Exertional dyspnea and wheezing c. Nonproductive cough and wheezing d.Productive cough and increased sputum production

a. exertion dyspnea and nonproductive cough

Which airways are most susceptible to airway obstruction in patients with COPD? a. Small b. Medium c. Large d. Central

a. small

Which of the following are major histopathologic types of lung cancer? 1. Adenocarcinoma 2. Squamous cell carcinoma 3. Small-cell carcinoma 4. Ciliated cell carcinoma a. 2, 3, and 4 only b. 1, 2, and 3 only c. 3 and 4 only d. 1 and 2 only

b. 1, 2, and 3 only

Which of the following are common purposes for staging a case of lung cancer? 1. Selection of therapy 2. Assessment of extent of the disease 3. Prognosis 4. Etiology a. 2, 3, and 4 only b. 1, 2, and 4 only c. 3 and 4 only d. 1 and 2 only

b. 1, 2, and 4 only

Which of the following medications is indicated for regular use in patients with stable COPD? a. Antibiotics b. Beta-2 agonists c. Corticosteroids d. Methylxanthines

b. Beta-2 agonists

What lung disease is the most common current indication for lung transplantation? a. Adult respiratory distress syndrome b. COPD c. Pneumoconiosis d. Pulmonary fibrosis

b. COPD

An asthma patient's best effort produces a PEFR of 55% of personal best. What is indicated at this time? a. Patient should lie down and try to relax. b. Patient should probably seek medical attention now. c. Patient should retry the PEFR maneuver. d. Patient should take his or her controller medications.

b. Patient should probably seek medical attention now.

According to the National Asthma Education Project guidelines, what should be considered if the patient with asthma requires more than 3 or 4 puffs of beta-2 agonists per day? a. Add or increase the dose of anticholinergic. b. Add or increase the dose of antiinflammatory. c. Add or increase the dose of magnesium sulfite. d. Increase dose of beta-2 agonists.

b. add or increase dose of aniinflammatory

Which of the following is the most common type of lung cancer? a. Large cell b. Adenocarcinoma c. Squamous cell d. Small cell

b. adenocarcinoma

What is the treatment of choice for limited-stage small-cell lung cancer? a. Surgical resection b. Chemoradiotherapy c. Radiation therapy only d. Chemotherapy only

b. chemoradiotherapy

Which complaint is most closely associated with the diagnosis of chronic bronchitis? a. Airway enlargement b. Chronic productive cough c. Dyspnea on exertion d. Hemoptysis

b. chronic productive cough

What treatment is the best initial modality for patients with non-small-cell lung cancer because it offers the best prospect of long-term survival? a. Chemotherapy b. Surgical resection c. Radiation therapy d. Endobronchial laser therapy

b. surgical resection

Which of the following are typically found in a patient with COPD? 1. Airway inflammation 2. Partially reversible airway obstruction 3. Progressive airway obstruction 4. Restrictive disease a. 2 and 3 only b. 1 and 4 only c. 1, 2, and 3 only d. 2, 3, and 4 only

c. 1, 2, and 3 only

Approximately how many Americans are affected by COPD? a. 8 million b. 16 million c. 24 million d. 32 million

c. 24 million

What is the most commonly used additional imaging technique to confirm lung cancer? a. Gammagraphy b. Videoscintigraphy c. Positron emission tomography d. Enhanced computed tomography

c. PET scan

dentify the drug whose regular use in the treatment of asthma may worsen control or even increase the risk of death by asthma. a. Anticholinergic b. Antiinflammatory c. Beta-2 agonists d. Corticosteroid

c. beta-2 agonists

What is the leading risk factor for the development of COPD? a. Air pollution b. Alpha1-antitrypsin deficiency c. Cigarette smoking d. Secondhand smoke

c. cigarette smoking

Bronchiectasis characterized by progressive, distal enlargement of the airways, resulting in sac-like dilatations is classified as: a. cylindrical bronchiectasis. b. varicose bronchiectasis. c. cystic bronchiectasis. d. obstructive bronchiectasis.

c. cystic bronchiectasis

Emphysema is defined as: a. chronic productive cough. b. conducting airway enlargement. c. destruction of alveolar walls without fibrosis. d. hemoptysis associated with productive cough and alveolar-capillary membrane destruction.

c. destruction of alveolar walls without fibrosis

Which group of disorders is categorized together because of similarities in their clinical presentations, plain chest radiographic appearance, and physiologic features? a. Congestive heart failure b. Infant respiratory distress syndrome c. Interstitial lung diseases d. Sudden acute respiratory syndrome

c. interstitial lung disease

Identify the hallmark symptom of bronchiectasis. a. Evidence of cystic spaces and tram tracks on the chest radiograph b. Hemoptysis c. Large amounts of purulent sputum d. Variable dyspnea

c. large amounts of purulent sputum

What finding is usually used to confirm the diagnosis of pneumonia? a. Development of central cyanosis b. New cough or new characteristic to the cough c. New fever d. New infiltrate on chest radiograph

c. new fever

What is the most common cause of interstitial lung disease (ILD)? a. Asbestosis b. Berylliosis c. Pulmonary fibrosis (IPF) d.Sarcoidosis

c. pulmonary fibrosis

Which of the following clinical findings is not associated with an increased risk of death in the patient with pneumonia? a. Kidney disease b. Heart rate of 130 beats/min c. Respiratory alkalosis d. Systolic blood pressure of 85 mm Hg

c. respiratory alkalosis

A patient is admitted to the emergency department with an acute asthma exacerbation. Based on the following blood gas results, how severe was the asthma attack? pH 7.35, PaO2 58 mm Hg, PaCO2 46 mm Hg, HCO3− 18 mEq/L, SaO2 89% a. Mild b. Moderate c. Severe d. Normalized

c. severe

What is the most effective way to prevent lung cancer? a. Vitamin E b. Beta-carotene c. Smoking prevention d. Avoidance of atmospheric pollution

c. smoking prevention

Which of the following tests is recommended as part of the initial assessment of asthma? a. Arterial blood gas b. Chest radiograph c. Spirometry d. scan

c. spirometry

Where does COPD rank among the leading causes of death in the United States? a. First b. Second c. Third d. Fourth

c. third

Which of the following procedures would you recommend to further assess Mr. Jones' condition? 1. Pre-post PFT 2. Exercise testing 3. Chest x-ray 4. Room air ABG a. 1 and 4 only b. 1, 2, and 3 only c. 2, 3 and 4 only d. 1, 3, and 4 only

d. 1, 3, and 4 only

How much improvement is needed in the FEV1 after bronchodilator therapy before reversibility can be considered present in the patient with obstructive lung disease? a. 50 ml b. 200 ml c. 350 ml d. 500 ml

d. 200 ml

Via what route is tuberculosis spread? a. Direct contact b. Fecal-oral route c. Fomite d. Inhaled particles

d. Inhaled particles

What would be important to perform in order to obtain a good sputum sample that is to be used to detect the pathogen causing community-acquired pneumonia? a. Ensure that antibiotic treatment was instituted at least 24 hr earlier. b. Have patient sit in the semirecumbent position to obtain sample. c. Have patient spit into sample container. d. Patient should rinse mouth prior to sample collection.

d. Patient should rinse mouth prior to sample collection.

Which of the following is true concerning pneumonia? a. patients with community-acquired pneumonia most often require hospitalization. b. Community-acquired pneumonias are most often antibiotic-resistant strains. c. Pneumonia is the number one cause of death in the United States. d. Pneumonia is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States.

d. Pneumonia is the sixth leading cause of death in the United States.

It is not clear whether your patient has COPD or asthma. Which of the following characteristics is most closely associated with the diagnosis of asthma? a. Daily phlegm production b. Diminished vascularity on the chest radiograph c. Low diffusion capacity d. Reversal of the FEV1 after use of a bronchodilator

d. Reversal of the FEV1 after use of a bronchodilator

Which of the following symptoms is not a typical symptom of asthma? a. Cough b. Shortness of breath c. Chest tightness d. Chest pain

d. chest pain

Which of the following is found almost universally in patients with interstitial lung disease (ILD)? a. Airway dilation b. Bronchoconstriction c. Compensatory cytokine release d. Decreased compliance

d. decreased compliance

What disease process is the most common cause of interstitial lung disease (ILD) in the United States? a. Asbestosis b. Coal worker's pneumoconiosis c. Idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis d. Sarcoidosis

d. idiopathic pulmonary fibrosis

A patient is experiencing an exacerbation of COPD. He is 65 years old, slim, and in notable distress with tachypnea, tachycardia, and an arterial blood pH of 7.29. Which of the following therapies would be most indicated? a. Intrapulmonary percussive ventilation b. Intubation and mechanical ventilation c. Nasal CPAP d. Noninvasive ventilation

d. noninvasive ventilation

What treatment for patients with COPD has been shown to improve long-term survival? a. Bronchodilators b. Corticosteroids c. Mechanical ventilation d. Oxygen

d. oxygen

Which of the following medications has been shown to be useful in the treatment of almost all interstitial lung diseases? a. Acetaminophen b. Aspirin c. Oxytocin d. Oxygen

d. oxygen

What does the National Asthma Education Project recommend be measured at home in patients with moderate to severe asthma? a. Pulse oximeter b. Degree of pulmonary shunt c. DLCO d. Peak expiratory flow

d. peak expiratory flow

What does the acronym TNM mean? a. Tumor, number, mass b. Tumor, non-small, metastases c. Tracheal, number, metastases d. Tumor, lymph node, metastases

d. tumor, lymph node, metastases