3.1 The Rules
What is the process of converting information into the proper form for transmission? - Formatting - Encoding - Encapsulation
- Encoding
Unicast
Information is transmitted to a single end device
3 types of data communications
- Unicast - Multicast - Broadcast
Which three are components of message timing? (Choose three.) - Flow control - Sequence numbers - Access method - Retransmit time - Response timeout
- Flow control - Access method - Response timeout
2) Which step of the communication process is concerned with properly identifying the address of the sender and receiver? - Formatting - Encoding - Encapsulation
- Formatting
3 elements of all communication methods
- Message source (sender) - Message destination (receiver) - Channel
4) Which delivery method is used to transmit information to one or more end devices, but not all devices on the network? - Unicast - Multicast - Broadcast
- Multicast
Requirements protocols must account for to successfully deliver the message that is understood by the receiver
1) Identified sender and receiver 2) Common language and grammar 3) Speed and timing of delivery 4) Confirmation and acknowledgement requirements
Channel
Consists of media providing the pathway over which the message travels from the source to the destination
Encoding
Converting information into another acceptable form for transmission Messages sent across the network are first converted into bits by the sending host, with each bit encoded into a pattern of - Voltages on copper wires - Infrared light in optical fibers - Microwaves for wireless systems
Access method
Determines when someone can send a message. When the device wants to transmit on wireless LAN, it's necessary for the WLAN Network Interface Card (NIC) to determine whether a wireless medium is available.
IP vs TCP
IP is used to deliver the packet; TCP is used to guarantee reliability by resending missed or lost packets.
Multicast
Information is transmitted to 1 or more end device(s). A switch sends multicast packets out of all ports, except the incoming port, by default.
Broadcast
Information is transmitted to all end devices.
Common computer protocols include the following requirements
Message - Encoding - Formatting and encapsulation - Size - Timing - Delivery options
DHCP/ICMPv6
Provide IP addressing information including - What network it belongs to - Address of the default gateway - IP address of the DNS for when the domain name is known but not the IP address.
Message destination (receiver)
Receives and interprets the message
Size restrictions of the frames
Require the source host to break long messages into individual pieces meeting the minimum and maximum size requirements. They are sent in separate frames, each containing a piece of the original message and its own addressing info. The receiving host reconstructs the individual pieces of the message into the original message.
Decoding
Reverses encoding to interpret information. The destination host receives and decodes the signals to interpret the message.
Response Timeout
Specifies how long it has to wait for responses and the action to take if response timeout occurs.
Internet Protocol (IP)
The identity of the source of a packet and its destination. Responsible for sending the message from the message source to the destination over 1 or more networks.
Message source (sender)
The people and electronic devices needing to send messages to other individuals and devices
Flow Control
The process of managing the rate of data transmission. It defines how much information is sent and the speed its delivered.
Protocol
The rules that govern how the device communicate. Most network communications broken up into packets- smaller data units. Many protocols are involved to help packets reach their final destination to accomplish different tasks.
a note about the node icon
Unicast vs Multicast vs Broadcast
