314 Exam #2: Economic Influences

Placing handwashing posters throughout the workplace is an example of a _____ prevention intervention. This will increase awareness of handwashing and prevent the spread of infection.

primary

Providing onsite influenza vaccination clinics is an example of a _____ prevention intervention. This action will prevent the condition from occurring and change individual behaviors.

primary

Offering discounted medications to manage influenza symptoms is an example of _____ prevention intervention. Since the condition is present, the medications can assist with managing the symptoms.

tertiary

A public health nurse is researching information from governmental organizations to guide evidence-based practice. Which of the following should the nurse identify as a governmental organization? a. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) b. American Red Cross c.American Academy of Pediatric Dentistry d. United Health Group

a. Centers for Disease Control and Prevention (CDC) The nurse should identify that the CDC is a governmental organization.

A public health nurse is conducting research about the scope of practice for public health nurses. Which of the following is responsible for establishing the scope of practice for nurses? A. Lawmakers B. Code of Ethics C. The community D. The National Council of State Boards of Nursing (NCSBN)

A. Lawmakers The nurse should identify that lawmakers are responsible for the legislation that defines the scope of practice for nurses.

A community health nurse is researching health policy administration. The nurse should identify that which of the following is administered at the state government level? A. Medicaid B. Food & drug regulation C. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs D. The Bureau of Indian Affairs

A. Medicaid The nurse should identify Medicaid is managed and funded by each state's government.

An occupational health nurse is developing workplace wellness programs for which employees can use their health savings account as a form of payment. Which of the following programs should the nurse identify as an example of a secondary prevention intervention? A. Online nutrition education for employees who have new onset of hypertension B. Onsite exercise program for employees at risk for developing hypertension C. Online healthy cooking program for employees at risk for prevent chronic conditions D. Onsite rehabilitation for employees who have had cardiac surgery

A. Online nutrition education for employees who have new onset of hypertension The nurse should include an online nutrition education to prevent complications for employees who have new onset of hypertension as a secondary prevention intervention. The employees can receive further guidance in order to manage their condition.

A nurse is using an electronic database to research government funding of health care. What percentage of public health care in the United States should the nurse identify as being funded by the gross domestic product (GDP)? A. 25% B. 17% C. 53% D. 11%

B. 17% The nurse should identify that the federal government spends approximately 17% of the annual GDP on public health.

_____________ is a federal government agency responsible for the regulation of food and drugs. A. Medicaid B. The Food & Drug Administration (FDA) C. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs D. The Bureau of Indian Affairs

B. The Food & Drug Administration (FDA)

A team of public health nurses is delivering a presentation to community leaders about funding for health care programs. Which of the following organization's data should the team include during the presentation as having a direct effect on funding? A. Health care savings account B. U.S. Census Bureau C. U.S. Department of Health and Human Services D. Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS)

B. U.S. Census Bureau The U.S. Census Bureau is an organization that has direct effects on funding allocations for public health programs because of the data that is collected. After data is collected, the U.S. Census Bureau can identify needs and determine use of funds.

A nurse is teaching about health insurance options with a young adult client who has recently become disabled. The nurse should identify that the client's disability might make them eligible for which of the following health insurance programs? A. diagnosis-related group (DRG) B. United States Health Resources & Services Administration (HRSA) C. Medicare D. TRICARE

C. Medicare The nurse should identify that Medicare is a public sector program established to provide health care coverage for individuals over 65 years old, and that has recently been expanded to include coverage for people with disabilities.

____________ is a federal government agency that provides services for military veterans and manages VA medical centers. A. Medicaid B. Food & drug regulation C. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs D. The Bureau of Indian Affairs

C. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs

__________ is a federal government agency responsible for administering U.S. policy related to indigenous peoples. A. Medicaid B. Food & drug regulation C. The U.S. Department of Veterans Affairs D. The Bureau of Indian Affairs

D. The Bureau of Indian Affairs

A public health nurse is reviewing newly approved vaccines for prevention of a communicable disease. The nurse should identify that which of the following entities is responsible for the approval of manufactured pharmaceuticals? A. The Centers for Medicare and Medicaid Services (CMS) B. The American Medical Association (AMA) C. Pharmaceutical companies D. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA)

D. The Food and Drug Administration (FDA) The nurse should identify that the FDA is responsible for the approval of manufactured pharmaceuticals.

A public health nurse is reviewing characteristics common to health care organizations in both the public and private sector. Which of the following should the nurse identify as a similarity between public and private health care organizations? A. Their budgets are determined by federal law. B. Their funding is primarily generated by income from providing goods and services. C. They have no legal constraints on funding. D. They are subject to governmental oversight.

D. They are subject to governmental oversight. Public and private sector health care organizations are subject to governmental regulation and oversight.

A nurse is researching an electronic database for the cost of taxpayer funded Medicare expenses. Which of the following should the nurse identify as the amount of taxpayer funded Medicare expenses in 2019? a. 799.4 billion dollars b. 1.9 trillion dollars c. 229 million dollars d. 500 billion dollars

In 2019, the cost of the Medicare program was 799.4 billion dollars.

A nurse is reviewing the history of U.S. health care reforms. The nurse should identify that the following reforms were implemented in what order? (Move the options into the box on the right, placing them in the order of earliest to most recent. Use all the options.) A. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) B. Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) C. Medicare D. Affordable Care Act (ACA)

Medicare is the first reform. Title XIX legislated the establishment of Medicare in 1965. Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) is the second reform. The Substance Abuse and Mental Health Services Administration (SAMHSA) is a branch of the Department of Health and Human Services that was established by the U.S. Congress in 1992. Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) is the third reform. The Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) was established in 1997. Affordable Care Act (ACA) is the fourth reform. The Affordable Care Act was passed in March of 2010.

A public health nurse is delivering a presentation about health care resources. Which of the following organizations should the nurse include as an example of a health care resource in the private sector? a. Department of Veterans Affairs b. Food and Drug Administration (FDA) c. National Institutes of Health (NIH) d. St. Jude Children's Network

St. Jude Children's Network is a nongovernment organization. Therefore, the nurse should include St. Jude Children's Network as an example of a private sector health care resource.

A nurse is sharing information with a group of newly licensed nurses about public sector health programs. Which of the following should the nurse identify as the source of funding for Medicare? - Contributions from Congress - Taxpayer Contributions - Office of the President - Accounts established by corporations

Taxpayer Contributions The nurse should identify that Medicare is federally funded by U.S. taxpayers through entitlements.

A nurse is reviewing the history of government-funded health programs in the U.S. Which of the following should the nurse identify as the president who enacted law to create the Medicare program in 1965? a. John F. Kennedy b. Lyndon B. Johnson c. Richard M. Nixon d. Dwight D. Eisenhower

The nurse should identify Lyndon B. Johnson as the president who enacted law to create the Medicare program.

A nurse manager is discussing primary preventive measures to reduce infection rates with another nurse. Which of the following actions should the nurse identify as an example of a primary preventative measure? (Select all that apply.) a. Ensure that hand sanitizer is located throughout the facility. b. Promote social distancing during activities. c. Educate about the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). d. Isolate individuals who have illness. e. Test individuals who have been exposed to the infection.

a. Ensure that hand sanitizer is located throughout the facility. b. Promote social distancing during activities. c. Educate about the use of personal protective equipment (PPE). Ensure that hand sanitizer is located throughout the facility is correct. The nurse manager should discuss implementing the availability of hand sanitizer throughout the facility as a primary prevention intervention. Promote social distancing during activities is correct. The nurse manager should discuss implementing the promotion of social distancing during activities as a primary prevention intervention. Educate about the use of personal protective equipment (PPE) is correct. The nurse manager should discuss implementing education about the use of PPE as a primary prevention intervention. Isolate individuals who have illness is incorrect. The nurse manager should discuss implementing the isolation of individuals who have illness as a secondary prevention intervention. Test individuals who have been exposed to the infection is incorrect. The nurse manager should discuss implementing screening, such as testing individuals who have been exposed, as a secondary prevention intervention.

A nurse is reviewing health coverage programs with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following should the nurse identify as a public sector health care program that provides coverage to clients over 65 years old? a. Medicare b. Affordable Care Act (ACA) c. Health saving accounts (HSA) d. United States Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)

a. Medicare The nurse should identify that Medicare is a public sector program established to provide health care coverage for individuals over 65 years old.

A public health nurse is planning to obtain a grant to implement a community-wide nutrition program. To which of the following organizations should the nurse apply? (Select all that apply.) a. National Institutes of Health (NIH) b. A diagnosis-related group (DRG) c. Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) d. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) e. United States Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA)

a. National Institutes of Health (NIH) e. United States Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) National Institutes of Health (NIH) is correct. The nurse should consider applying to the NIH, which funds research and community-focused health care projects. A diagnosis-related group (DRG) is incorrect. The nurse should identify that a DRG is a system used in medical coding to indicate payment for services that should be received by health care professionals and institutions. Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) is incorrect. The nurse should recognize that HCAHPS is a federal monitoring system for quality in health care. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is incorrect. The nurses should recognize that HIPAA ensures protection of personal health information. United States Health Resources and Services Administration (HRSA) is correct. The nurse should consider applying to the HRSA, which funds research and community-focused health care projects

A nurse is reviewing the impact of U.S. Census Bureau data on health care funding. The nurse should identify that which of the following are affected by census data? (Select all that apply.) a. Health savings accounts b. Medicaid c. Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) d. Medicare e. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA)

b. Medicaid c. Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP) d. Medicare Health savings accounts is incorrect. The nurses should identify that health savings accounts are used by individuals to pay for out-of-pocket health care expenses. They are not affected by data from the U.S. Census Bureau. Medicaid is correct. The nurse should identify that Medicaid is public sector program that is affected by data from the U.S. Census Bureau. Children Health Insurance Program (CHIP) is correct. The nurse should identify that CHIP is public sector program that is affected by data from the U.S. Census Bureau. Medicare is correct. The nurse should identify that Medicare is public sector program that is affected by data from the U.S. Census Bureau. Health Insurance Portability and Accountability Act (HIPAA) is incorrect. The nurses should identify that HIPAA is a legislative act that ensures protection of personal health information. It is not affected by data from the U.S. Census Bureau.

A public health nurse is preparing a presentation about health care resources. Which of the following organizations should the nurse include as an example of a health care resource in the public sector? Department of Health and Human Services a. American Red Cross (ARC) b. The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) c. Shriners Hospitals for Children d. Physician-owned outpatient surgery clinics

b. The Department of Health and Human Services (HHS) The HHS provides regulation and services at a governmental level. Therefore, the nurse should include the HHS as an example of a health care resource in the public sector.

A team of public health nurses is discussing a new health care law. The nurses should identify that which of the following entities is responsible for passing laws related to health care? a. The judicial branch b. The legislative branch c. The executive branch d. The U.S. Department of Health and Human Services (HHS)

b. The legislative branch The nurses should recognize that rules and regulations of health care laws are proposed, debated, and passed by the legislative branch of government.

A nurse is reviewing private sector health insurance options. Which of the following should the nurse identify as an example of private sector health insurance? a. TRICARE b. Medicaid c. Employer-sponsored health plan d. Medicare

c. Employer-sponsored health plan An employer-sponsored health plan is an example of a private sector insurance program.

An occupational health nurse is evaluating the cost-effectiveness of interventions that were implemented to decrease sick days during flu season. Which of the following actions should the nurse identify as a secondary prevention intervention? a. Providing onsite influenza vaccination clinics b. Placing handwashing posters throughout the workplace c. Providing testing for influenza at the employee health clinic d. Offering discounted medications to manage influenza symptoms

c. Providing testing for influenza at the employee health clinic Providing testing for influenza at the employee health clinic is an example of a secondary prevention intervention. This allows for early identification of the condition and prevents the spread to others.

A home health nurse is preparing to make a referral to a diabetes educator for a client who has had several hospital readmissions regarding their diabetes and has developed a diabetic foot ulcer. The nurse should identify that this is an example of which of the following types of prevention? a. Primary prevention b. Secondary prevention c. Tertiary prevention d. Quaternary prevention

c. Tertiary prevention The nurse should recognize that a referral for a tertiary prevention intervention would be made to keep limit future complications and prevent problems from getting worse. A diabetes educator would be able to provide education to client regarding diabetes and its management and prevent further complications.

A nurse case manager is teaching a client about Health Savings Accounts (HSA). Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? a. "The HSA must be set up through my bank." b. "The HSA is funded by the government." c. "The HSA will be funded after taxes are withdrawn from my paycheck." d. "The HSA can be used for out-of-pocket medical expenses."

d. "The HSA can be used for out-of-pocket medical expenses." An HSA is provided through an employer or health insurance plan to cover out-of-pocket health care expenses, such as co-pays and costs counted toward deductibles.

A community health nurse is educating a community group about regulation of health care in the public sector. Which of the following entities should the nurse describe as making the majority of decisions about health care regulation in the public sector? a. Large corporations b. Employer-based health plans c. Small businesses d. Federal government

d. Federal government The nurse should describe the federal government as the entity that makes the majority of decisions about health care spending in the public sector.

A nurse is teaching a client about Medicare Part D. The nurse should include that this program covers which of the following? a. Inpatient hospital stays b. Visits to primary care providers c. Home health visits d. Prescription medications

d. Prescription medications D- For DRUGS!!!Medicare Part D provides coverage for prescription medications.

A nurse in a community clinic is teaching a parent about the Children's Health Insurance Program (CHIP). Which of the following client statements indicates an understanding of the teaching? (Select all that apply.) A. "My 18-year-old is eligible for CHIP." B. "Medicaid is for elderly people only." C. "My employer will withhold a portion of my pay for CHIP." D. "We have to enroll in Medicaid to be eligible for CHIP." E. "We can use CHIP for primary care and hospital care."

"My 18-year-old is eligible for CHIP" is correct. Uninsured children under the age of 19 years are eligible for CHIP. "Medicaid is for elderly people only" is incorrect. CHIP provides health insurance coverage for children ages 19 and younger. "My employer will withhold a portion of my pay for CHIP" is incorrect. A health savings account (HSA), rather than CHIP, involves withholding of an employee's pay to establish an account for out-of-pocket expenses. "We have to enroll in Medicaid to be eligible for CHIP" is incorrect. CHIP provides health insurance to children in families who cannot afford private insurance but whose incomes are greater than the limit to qualify for Medicaid. "We can use CHIP for primary care and hospital care" is correct. The CHIP program coverage includes primary care, specialty care, emergency care, and hospitalizations.

A public health nurse is collaborating with city officials to implement community sponsored programs to decrease health care costs for all. Which of the following types of health program services should the nurse recommend? Select all that apply - Diagnosis-related groups - Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) - Secondary prevention interventions - Tertiary prevention interventions - Primary prevention interventions

- Secondary prevention interventions - Tertiary prevention interventions - Primary prevention interventions Diagnosis-related groups is incorrect. Diagnosis-related groups (DRG) are systems used in medical coding to indicate payment for services that should be received by health care professionals and institutions. Therefore, this is not a type of health program that can assist with decreasing health care costs. Hospital Consumer Assessment of Healthcare Providers and Systems (HCAHPS) is incorrect. HCAHPS is a federal monitoring system for quality in health care. Therefore, this is not a type of health program that can assist with decreasing health care costs. Secondary prevention interventions is correct. Secondary prevention intervention programs decrease health care costs by preventing complications of a disease or condition. Tertiary prevention interventions is correct. Tertiary prevention intervention programs decrease health care costs by limiting complications of a disease or condition. Primary prevention interventions is correct. Primary prevention intervention programs decrease health care costs by preventing the development of a disease or condition.

A nurse is discussing eligibility for Medicare coverage with a newly licensed nurse. Which of the following should the nurse identify as an example of a client who would be eligible for Medicare coverage? (Select all that apply.) A. A 60-year-old client who has a disability B. A client who is 70 years old C. A young adult client who has chronic kidney disease D. A middle adult client who is the head of household and has income below poverty level E. A 20-year-old client who is seeking asylum

A 60-year-old client who has a disability is correct. Medicare provides health coverage to clients who are 65 years of age or older, or who have a chronic condition or disability. Therefore, a client who is 60 years of age and has a disability would be eligible for Medicare. A client who is 70 years of age is correct. Medicare provides health coverage to clients who are 65 years of age or older, have a chronic condition or disability. Therefore, a client who is 70 years old would be eligible for Medicare. A young adult client who has chronic kidney disease is correct. Medicare provides health coverage to clients who are 65 years of age or older, or who have a chronic condition or disability. Therefore, a young adult client who has chronic kidney disease would be eligible for Medicare. A middle adult client who is the head of household and has income below poverty level is incorrect. A client who is the head of household and has income below the poverty level would be potentially eligible to receive health coverage from Medicaid. A 20-year-old client who is seeking asylum is incorrect. A client who is seeking asylum would be potentially eligible to receive health coverage from the Refugee Health Promotion Program (RHP), which is a taxpayer funded grant which supports refugees and asylum seekers with health care.

A community health nurse is reporting to community leaders about the effects of health policies that have been implemented. Which statement should the nurse make when describing the purpose of health policies? a. A health policy guarantees the protection of the health of community members. b. A health policy provides a theoretical framework for the protection of the health of vulnerable populations. c. A health policy involves intentional actions to influence health outcomes in the community. d. A health policy is categorized by the levels of prevention used by health care workers to achieve health outcomes.

c. A health policy involves intentional actions to influence health outcomes in the community The nurse should discuss health policy as influencing the achievement of specific health outcomes through intentional actions.