316 Chapter 10

A researcher at a school of nursing investigates whether a pre-admission TEAS examination correlates with student GPA after the first year of study. This is an example of what? a. Construct validity b. Content validity c. Predictive validity d. Face validity

c.

The type of validity that employs primarily experts' judgment in its assessment is which of the following? a. Content b. Concurrent c. Predictive d. Construct

a.

The weakest form of measuring validity Based on judgment; no objective criteria for assessment refers to whether the instrument looks as though it is an appropriate measure of the construct

Face Validity

Participants in a study of the impact of yoga on stress complete the Perceived Stress Scale. Cronbach alpha for the scale based on subjects' scores is .82. What does this indicate? a. The scale is stable. b. The scale is internally consistent. c. The scale is a valid measure of stress. d. The scale demonstrates equivalence.

B.

Which of the following type of measurement is vulnerable to social desirability bias? a. Medical records b. Self-reports c. Biophysiologic measures d. Observational ratings

B. Social desirability bias occurs when subjects are likely to change their answers to seem more desirable to a study or prove that they conform to a desirable norm

the instrument's ability to distinguish individuals who differ on a present criterion (i.e. SAT and current GPA are positively correlated)

Concurrent validity

Answers "What is this instrument really measuring?" & "Does it adequately measure the construct of interest?"

Construct Validity

degree to which an instrument has an adequate sample of items for the construct being measured Evaluated by expert often via measurement by validity index (> or = .90 is good)

Content validity

the degree to which the instrument is related to an external criterion

Criterion Validity

Which of the following would be classified as an in vivo biophysiologic measure? a. Cancer cells from a tissue biopsy. b. Potassium level from a blood sample. c. Bacterial culture from a urine sample. d. Oral temperature in degrees Farenheit.

D. In vivo biophysiologic measures take place IN the body

the instrument's ability to distinguish people whose performance differ on future criterion (SATs predict college GPA)

Predictive Validity

calculated by analyzing the relationship b/t scores on the instrument and the criterion (.7 and higher)

Validity Coefficient

Researchers are evaluating the effectiveness of a hand washing educational program for medical staff. Study personnel rate the staff's hand washing adherence by using a rating tool while observing medical staff. A 90% agreement is demonstrated among study raters in using the rating tool during their study training. The 90% agreement is a measure of what psychometric property of the rating tool? a. Validity (construct) b. Validity (content) c. Reliability (stability) d. Reliability (equivalence)

d. b/c two different raters are in agreement for 90% of reliability